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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Process for the preparation of cefixime
    • 头孢克肟的制备方法
    • US08008478B2
    • 2011-08-30
    • US11722422
    • 2005-12-19
    • Om Dutt TyagiDnyandeo Ragho RaneSanjay MahajanYuvraj Atmaram Chavan
    • Om Dutt TyagiDnyandeo Ragho RaneSanjay MahajanYuvraj Atmaram Chavan
    • C07D501/22
    • C07D501/04
    • The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of Cefixime of formula (I), a cephalosporine antibiotic with an improved quality in regard to color and solubility. This process includes: (i) reaction of 7-β-(4-chloro-2-alkoxycarbonyl methoxyimino-3-oxobutyromido)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (V) with thiourea at pH 5.0 to 6.0 at temperature 25-40° C. in water, (ii) carbon treatment to the reaction mixture in presence of sodium dithionite or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by filtration, (iii) acidification of the filtrate obtained in step (ii) to pH 2.0 to 3.0 with acid at 50-80° C. to give cefixime ester (IV) (iv) alkaline hydrolysis of cefixime ester of formula (IV) in water followed by acidification to pH 5.0 to 6.0, (v) precipitation of cefixime (I) by adding ketone solvent followed by acidification to pH 2.0 to 3 and (vi) isolation of solid.
    • 本发明提供了一种制备式(I)的头孢克肟的改进方法,头孢菌素抗生素在颜色和溶解度方面具有改进的质量。 该方法包括:(i)在温度25℃下,将7-和bgr-(4-氯-2-烷氧基羰基甲氧基亚氨基-3-氧代丁酰基)-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸(V)与硫脲在pH5.0至6.0下的反应 -40℃,(ii)在连二亚硫酸钠或乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)存在下对反应混合物进行碳处理,然后过滤,(iii)将步骤(ii)中获得的滤液酸化至pH 2.0至3.0 (IV)的头孢克肟酯在水中碱性水解,然后酸化至pH 5.0至6.0,(v)头孢克肟(I)的沉淀通过 加入酮溶剂,然后酸化至pH 2.0至3,和(vi)固体分离。
    • 5. 发明申请
    • Test apparatus and method of measuring surface friction of a brake pad insulator material and method of use of a brake dynamometer
    • 测量制动衬垫绝缘体表面摩擦的测试装置和方法以及制动测功机的使用方法
    • US20070068220A1
    • 2007-03-29
    • US11236940
    • 2005-09-28
    • Sanjay MahajanEric Denys
    • Sanjay MahajanEric Denys
    • G01N19/02
    • G01N19/02
    • A test apparatus for measuring surface friction of a damping material such as brake pad insulator material includes a rotor configured to support the damping material for rotation therewith, an actuator pressurizable to apply axially-inward force to the damping material and a stator configured to support the actuator. A sensor determines the force applied to the actuator and a torque cell is axially aligned with the rotor for measuring torque of the rotor in relation to force applied to the damping material. The calculation of surface friction of the damping material is possible based on the measured load and torque. A method of measuring surface friction of a brake pad insulator material as well as a method using a brake dynamometer is also presented.
    • 用于测量诸如制动衬垫绝缘体材料之类的阻尼材料的表面摩擦的测试装置包括:被配置为支撑阻尼材料以与其一起旋转的转子,可加压以向阻尼材料施加轴向向内力的致动器;以及定子, 执行器。 传感器确定施加到致动器的力,并且转矩单元与转子轴向对准,用于相对于施加到阻尼材料的力来测量转子的扭矩。 阻尼材料的表面摩擦计算可以根据测量的载荷和扭矩计算。 还提出了一种测量制动衬垫绝缘体材料的表面摩擦力的方法以及使用制动测力计的方法。