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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Method for determining colorimetric value
    • 确定比色值的方法
    • US5740079A
    • 1998-04-14
    • US614467
    • 1996-03-12
    • Yoshihiro ShigemoriKazuo SanoTomio SaitoFumiyoshi SaitoTomiko Yoshida
    • Yoshihiro ShigemoriKazuo SanoTomio SaitoFumiyoshi SaitoTomiko Yoshida
    • G01J3/46
    • G01J3/46G01J3/462G01J2003/466
    • The colorimetric value at a specified temperature is determined by measuring the colorimetric value of a colored material sample at an arbitrary temperature using a color meter such as a spectrophotometer, colorimeter, or densitometer, and by correcting the measured colorimetric value on the basis of the change in colorimetric value with temperature, which change in colorimetric value is computed from the difference in colorimetric values observed for a single colored material sample at a minimum of two different temperatures. When a spectrophotometer is applied, the spectral reflectance or the spectral transmittance of the colored material sample is measured. On the other hand, spectral reflectance or spectral transmittance is measured in advance for a dye or pigment at a minimum of two different temperatures. The difference (.DELTA.K) of absorption coefficient (K), the difference (.DELTA.S) in the scattering coefficient (S), and the difference (.DELTA.D) in absorbance (D) at each wavelength are computed from the preliminarily observed spectral reflectance or spectral transmittance. The spectral transmittance or spectral reflectance observed at an arbitrary temperature is corrected to define the colorimetric value at a specified temperature using the obtained values of K, S, and D.
    • 通过使用诸如分光光度计,色度计或密度计的色计测量任意温度下的着色材料样品的比色值,并且基于变化来校正测量的比色值来确定在指定温度下的比色值 在具有温度的比色值中,根据在至少两个不同温度下对单一着色材料样品观察到的比色值的差异来计算比色值的变化。 当使用分光光度计时,测量着色材料样品的光谱反射率或光谱透射率。 另一方面,对于染料或颜料,在至少两个不同温度下预先测量光谱反射率或光谱透射率。 从预先观察到的光谱反射率计算吸收系数(K)的差(ΔTA),散射系数(S)中的差(ΔTA)和每个波长的吸光度(D))的差(DELTA D) 或光谱透射率。 校正在任意温度下观察到的光谱透射率或光谱反射率,以使用所获得的K,S和D值来定义特定温度下的比色值。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Process for producing non-scattering hollow plastic balloons
    • 生产非散射中空塑料气球的方法
    • US5753156A
    • 1998-05-19
    • US675799
    • 1996-07-05
    • Yoshihiro ShigemoriOsamu SaitoYoshihiro Usui
    • Yoshihiro ShigemoriOsamu SaitoYoshihiro Usui
    • B01J13/02C08J9/22
    • B01J13/02
    • A process for producing non-scattering hollow plastic balloons which comprises: (a) heating a mixture (A) of non-foamed plastic balloons and a first wetting agent, which is a plasticizer, to a temperature from 40.degree. C. to a temperature which is 40.degree. C. below an exit temperature of a heat exchanger, (b) contacting the mixture (A) with a second wetting agent being heated to a temperature equal to or above the foaming starting temperature of the non-foamed plastic balloons, wherein a ratio of the mixture (A) to the second wetting agent (B) is 1:0.5 to 1:1.5, the contacting being within 1 minute after heating the mixture (A) by the heat exchanger to a temperature ranging from 20.degree. to 50.degree. C. below the foaming starting temperature of the non-foamed plastic balloons, (c) foaming the non-foamed plastic balloons, and (d) cooling the resultant mixture from step (c) containing the foamed plastic balloons. Non-scattering foamed plastic balloons can thus be obtained simultaneously with the foaming. The present process needs a smaller amount of a plasticizer than the conventional process of wetting foamed plastic balloons with a plasticizer.
    • 一种制造非散射中空塑料球的方法,包括:(a)将非发泡塑料球的混合物(A)和作为增塑剂的第一润湿剂加热至40℃至 其在热交换器的出口温度以下为40℃,(b)使混合物(A)与加热至等于或高于非泡沫塑料气囊的起泡温度的温度的第二润湿剂接触, 其中混合物(A)与第二润湿剂(B)的比例为1:0.5至1:1.5,接触在通过热交换器将混合物(A)加热至20℃之后的1分钟内 至低于非发泡塑料球泡的发泡起始温度至50℃,(c)使非发泡塑料球泡沫发泡,和(d)从含有发泡塑料球的步骤(c)中冷却得到的混合物。 因此,可以与发泡同时获得非散射的泡沫塑料气囊。 与使用增塑剂润湿发泡塑料球的常规方法相比,本方法需要更少量的增塑剂。