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1. 发明申请

US20080135914A1 NANOCRYSTAL FORMATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：纳米结构
公开(公告)号：US20080135914A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-12
申请号：US11771778
申请日：2007-06-29
申请人： Nety M. Krishna , Ralf Hofmann , Kaushal K. Singh , Karl J. Armstrong
发明人： Nety M. Krishna , Ralf Hofmann , Kaushal K. Singh , Karl J. Armstrong
IPC分类号： H01L21/28 , H01L29/788
CPC分类号： H01L29/7881 , H01L29/40114 , H01L29/42332
摘要： In one embodiment, a method for forming a metallic nanocrystalline material on a substrate is provided which includes exposing a substrate to a pretreatment process, forming a tunnel dielectric layer on the substrate, exposing the substrate to a post-treatment process, forming a metallic nanocrystalline layer on the tunnel dielectric layer, and forming a dielectric capping layer on the metallic nanocrystalline layer. The method further provides forming the metallic nanocrystalline layer having a nanocrystalline density of at least about 5×1012 cm−2, preferably, at least about 8×1012 cm−2. In one example, the metallic nanocrystalline layer contains platinum, ruthenium, or nickel. In another embodiment, a method for forming a multi-layered metallic nanocrystalline material on a substrate is provided which includes forming a plurality of bi-layers, wherein each bi-layer contains an intermediate dielectric layer deposited on a metallic nanocrystalline layer. Some of the examples include 10, 50, 100, 200, or more bi-layers.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，提供了一种在衬底上形成金属纳米晶体材料的方法，其包括将衬底暴露于预处理工艺，在衬底上形成隧道电介质层，将衬底暴露于后处理工艺，形成金属纳米晶体并在所述金属纳米晶层上形成介电覆盖层。该方法进一步提供形成金属纳米晶层，其纳米晶密度为至少约5×10 12 cm -2，优选至少约8×10 12 / > cm -2。在一个实例中，金属纳米晶层包含铂，钌或镍。在另一个实施例中，提供了一种在衬底上形成多层金属纳米晶体材料的方法，其包括形成多个双层，其中每个双层包含沉积在金属纳米晶层上的中间介电层。一些示例包括10,50,100,200或更多的双层。

2. 发明申请

US20100255660A1 SULFURIZATION OR SELENIZATION IN MOLTEN (LIQUID) STATE FOR THE PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于光伏应用的液体（液体）状态的硫化或放电
公开(公告)号：US20100255660A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-07
申请号：US12755203
申请日：2010-04-06
申请人： Kaushal K. Singh , Ralf Hofmann , Nety M. Krishna
发明人： Kaushal K. Singh , Ralf Hofmann , Nety M. Krishna
IPC分类号： H01L21/363
CPC分类号： H01L21/02568 , C23C14/025 , C23C14/165 , C23C14/185 , C23C14/5866 , H01L21/02551 , H01L21/02565 , H01L21/02614 , H01L31/0322 , Y02E10/541
摘要： A method of forming a solar cell incorporating a compound semiconductor is provided. The compound semiconductor is generally of the “II/VI” variety, and is formed by depositing one or more group II elements in a vapor deposition process, and then contacting the deposited layer with a liquid bath of the group VI elements. The liquid bath may comprise a pure element or a mixture of elements. The contacting is performed under a non-reactive atmosphere, or vacuum, and any fugitive vapors may be captured by a cold trap and recycled. The substrate may be subsequently annealed to remove any excess of the group VI elements, which may be similarly recycled.
摘要翻译：提供一种形成包含化合物半导体的太阳能电池的方法。化合物半导体通常为“II / VI”，并且通过在气相沉积工艺中沉积一个或多个II族元素，然后使沉积层与VI族元素的液槽接触而形成。液体浴可以包含纯元素或元素的混合物。接触在非反应性气氛或真空下进行，并且任何逸出的蒸气可能被冷阱捕获并再循环。可以随后将基材退火以除去任何过量的可以类似地再循环的VI族元素。

3. 发明授权

US08747942B2 Carbon nanotube-based solar cells 有权
标题翻译：基于碳纳米管的太阳能电池
公开(公告)号：US08747942B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-10
申请号：US12797529
申请日：2010-06-09
申请人： Omkaram Nalamasu , Charles Gay , Victor L. Pushparaj , Kaushal K. Singh , Robert J. Visser , Majeed A. Foad , Ralf Hofmann
发明人： Omkaram Nalamasu , Charles Gay , Victor L. Pushparaj , Kaushal K. Singh , Robert J. Visser , Majeed A. Foad , Ralf Hofmann
IPC分类号： B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01L31/022425 , B82Y10/00 , H01L31/0322 , H01L31/03529 , H01L31/0384 , H01L31/0749 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/4213 , Y02E10/541 , Y02P70/521
摘要： Solar cells are provided with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are used: to define a micron/sub-micron geometry of the solar cells; and/or as charge transporters for efficiently removing charge carriers from the absorber layer to reduce the rate of electron-hole recombination in the absorber layer. A solar cell may comprise: a substrate; a multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst on the surface of the substrate; a multiplicity of carbon nanotube bundles formed on the multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst, each bundle including carbon nanotubes aligned roughly perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; and a photoactive solar cell layer formed over the carbon nanotube bundles and exposed surfaces of the substrate, wherein the photoactive solar cell layer is continuous over the carbon nanotube bundles and the exposed surfaces of the substrate. The photoactive solar cell layer may be comprised of amorphous silicon p/i/n thin films; although, concepts of the present invention are also applicable to solar cells with absorber layers of microcrystalline silicon, SiGe, carbon doped microcrystalline silicon, CIS, CIGS, CISSe and various p-type II-VI binary compounds and ternary and quaternary compounds.
摘要翻译：太阳能电池提供有碳纳米管（CNT），其用于限定太阳能电池的微米/亚微米几何形状; 和/或作为电荷转运体，用于从吸收层有效去除电荷载体以降低吸收层中电子 - 空穴复合的速率。太阳能电池可以包括：基底; 在基材表面上的金属催化剂的多个区域; 形成在金属催化剂的多个区域上的多个碳纳米管束，每个束包括大致垂直于基板的表面排列的碳纳米管; 以及形成在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的露出表面上的光活性太阳能电池层，其中所述光电太阳能电池层在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的暴露表面上连续。光电太阳能电池层可以由非晶硅p / i / n薄膜组成; 尽管本发明的概念也适用于具有微晶硅，SiGe，碳掺杂微晶硅，CIS，CIGS，CISSe和各种p型II-VI二元化合物和三元和四元化合物的吸收层的太阳能电池。

4. 发明申请

US20100313951A1 CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED SOLAR CELLS 有权
标题翻译：基于碳纳米管的太阳能电池
公开(公告)号：US20100313951A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12797529
申请日：2010-06-09
申请人： Omkaram Nalamasu , Charles Gay , Victor L. Pushparaj , Kaushal K. Singh , Robert J. Visser , Majeed A. Foad , Ralf Hofmann
发明人： Omkaram Nalamasu , Charles Gay , Victor L. Pushparaj , Kaushal K. Singh , Robert J. Visser , Majeed A. Foad , Ralf Hofmann
IPC分类号： H01L31/04 , H01L31/18 , C23C16/22
CPC分类号： H01L31/022425 , B82Y10/00 , H01L31/0322 , H01L31/03529 , H01L31/0384 , H01L31/0749 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/4213 , Y02E10/541 , Y02P70/521
摘要： Solar cells are provided with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are used: to define a micron/sub-micron geometry of the solar cells; and/or as charge transporters for efficiently removing charge carriers from the absorber layer to reduce the rate of electron-hole recombination in the absorber layer. A solar cell may comprise: a substrate; a multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst on the surface of the substrate; a multiplicity of carbon nanotube bundles formed on the multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst, each bundle including carbon nanotubes aligned roughly perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; and a photoactive solar cell layer formed over the carbon nanotube bundles and exposed surfaces of the substrate, wherein the photoactive solar cell layer is continuous over the carbon nanotube bundles and the exposed surfaces of the substrate. The photoactive solar cell layer may be comprised of amorphous silicon p/i/n thin films; although, concepts of the present invention are also applicable to solar cells with absorber layers of microcrystalline silicon, SiGe, carbon doped microcrystalline silicon, CIS, CIGS, CISSe and various p-type II-VI binary compounds and ternary and quaternary compounds.
摘要翻译：太阳能电池提供有碳纳米管（CNT），其用于限定太阳能电池的微米/亚微米几何形状; 和/或作为电荷转运体，用于从吸收层有效去除电荷载体以降低吸收层中电子 - 空穴复合的速率。太阳能电池可以包括：基底; 在基材表面上的金属催化剂的多个区域; 形成在金属催化剂的多个区域上的多个碳纳米管束，每个束包括大致垂直于基板的表面排列的碳纳米管; 以及形成在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的露出表面上的光活性太阳能电池层，其中所述光电太阳能电池层在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的暴露表面上连续。光电太阳能电池层可以由非晶硅p / i / n薄膜组成; 尽管本发明的概念也适用于具有微晶硅，SiGe，碳掺杂微晶硅，CIS，CIGS，CISSe和各种p型II-VI二元化合物和三元和四元化合物的吸收层的太阳能电池。

5. 发明申请

US20070243452A1 RELIABLE FUEL CELL ELECTRODE DESIGN 审中-公开
标题翻译：可靠的燃料电池电极设计
公开(公告)号：US20070243452A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-18
申请号：US11734913
申请日：2007-04-13
申请人： Timothy W. Weidman , Karl J. Armstrong , David J. Eaglesham , Nety Krishna , Ralf Hofmann , Michael P. Stewart
发明人： Timothy W. Weidman , Karl J. Armstrong , David J. Eaglesham , Nety Krishna , Ralf Hofmann , Michael P. Stewart
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M8/02 , H01M4/88 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01M4/8867 , C23C28/321 , C23C28/322 , C23C28/34 , C23C28/3455 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1004 , Y02P70/56
摘要： The present invention generally relates to the creation of fuel cell components and the method of forming the various fuel cell components that have an improved lifetime, lower production cost and improved process performance. The invention generally includes treating or conditioning a substrate surface by depositing a material layer, or layers, having good adhesion to the substrate, low electrical resistivity (high conductivity) and has good resistance to chemical attack during the operation of fuel cell. The substrate may be, for example, a fuel cell part, a conductive plate, a separator plate, a bipolar plate or an end plate, among others. In one embodiment, the substrate surface is treated or conditioned by exposing at least a portion of it to a gas or liquid comprising ruthenium tetroxide.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及燃料电池部件的制造和形成具有改善的寿命，降低生产成本和改进工艺性能的各种燃料电池部件的方法。本发明通常包括通过沉积对基材具有良好粘附性的材料层或低层电阻（高导电性）并且在燃料电池操作期间具有良好的抗化学侵蚀性能来处理或调理基材表面。基板可以是例如燃料电池部件，导电板，隔板，双极板或端板等。在一个实施方案中，通过将其至少一部分暴露于包含四氧化钌的气体或液体来处理或调理基底表面。

6. 发明授权

US09096927B2 Cooling ring for physical vapor deposition chamber target 有权
标题翻译：物理气相沉积室目标的冷却环
公开(公告)号：US09096927B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-04
申请号：US13584972
申请日：2012-08-14
申请人： Brian West , Goichi Yoshidome , Ralf Hofmann
发明人： Brian West , Goichi Yoshidome , Ralf Hofmann
IPC分类号： C23C14/35 , C23C14/34 , H01J37/34
CPC分类号： C23C14/3407 , H01J37/3414 , H01J37/3497
摘要： Apparatus and method for physical vapor deposition are provided. In some embodiments, a cooling ring to cool a target in a physical vapor deposition chamber may include an annular body having a central opening; an inlet port coupled to the body; an outlet port coupled to the body; a coolant channel disposed in the body and having a first end coupled to the inlet port and a second end coupled to the outlet port; and a cap coupled to the body and substantially spanning the central opening, wherein the cap includes a center hole.
摘要翻译：提供了用于物理气相沉积的装置和方法。在一些实施例中，用于冷却物理气相沉积室中的靶的冷却环可以包括具有中心开口的环形体; 连接到所述主体的入口端口; 连接到所述主体的出口; 冷却剂通道，其设置在所述主体中并且具有联接到所述入口的第一端和联接到所述出口的第二端; 以及联接到所述主体并且基本跨越所述中心开口的盖，其中所述盖包括中心孔。

7. 发明授权

US08782206B2 Load-balanced allocation of medical task flows to servers of a server farm 有权
标题翻译：医疗任务流的负载均衡分配到服务器场的服务器
公开(公告)号：US08782206B2
公开(公告)日：2014-07-15
申请号：US12461848
申请日：2009-08-26
申请人： Ralf Hofmann , Andreas Schülke , Andreas Siwick , Hans-Martin Von Stockhausen
发明人： Ralf Hofmann , Andreas Schülke , Andreas Siwick , Hans-Martin Von Stockhausen
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F9/505 , G06F19/00 , G16H40/20
摘要： A method, a system and a computer program are disclosed for the load-balanced allocation of computer-aided medical task flows on at least one application server of a server farm. In at least one embodiment, request conditions and load information are configured in a configuration phase. The request conditions are then recorded in a load balancing phase. In addition the load information is recorded via load calculation agents. A load balancing service can then calculate a target application server, which according to the load information determined meets all recorded request conditions.
摘要翻译：公开了用于在服务器场的至少一个应用服务器上的计算机辅助医疗任务流的负载平衡分配的方法，系统和计算机程序。在至少一个实施例中，在配置阶段中配置请求条件和负载信息。然后将请求条件记录在负载平衡阶段。此外，通过负载计算代理记录负载信息。然后，负载平衡服务可以计算目标应用服务器，根据所确定的负载信息满足所有记录的请求条件。

8. 发明授权

US08719778B2 Interconnection interface for flexible online/offline deployment of an n-layered software application 有权
标题翻译：互联接口，用于灵活的在线/离线部署n层软件应用程序
公开(公告)号：US08719778B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US11878093
申请日：2007-07-20
申请人： Karlheinz Dorn , Ralf Hofmann
发明人： Karlheinz Dorn , Ralf Hofmann
IPC分类号： G06F9/44 , G06F9/445
CPC分类号： G06F8/00
摘要： A method is disclosed for producing a software application with at least two layers, including a processing layer and a process layer, wherein each layer is encapsulated and hence platform-independent in its execution, the encapsulated layers communicating via an application programming interface. A system is also disclosed for producing an application including a flexible interconnection interface between encapsulated layers. By virtue of the implementation of an additional configurable interconnection interface in the application programming interface between two encapsulated application layers, the architecture layering can be retained regardless of the respective deployment, and only the communication profiles of the interconnection interfaces need be adapted to the deployment. This has the advantage, in at least one embodiment, that it is not necessary to produce and update different source code masters for the different deployments, and instead only one single architecture layering of the application need be created and maintained.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于生产具有至少两层的软件应用的方法，包括处理层和处理层，其中每个层被封装，因此在其执行中因此与平台无关，所述封装层经由应用编程接口进行通信。还公开了一种用于生产包括在封装层之间的柔性互连接口的应用的系统。通过在两个封装的应用层之间的应用程序编程接口中实现附加的可配置互连接口，可以保留架构分层，而不管相应的部署如何，并且只有互连接口的通信配置需要适应于部署。这在至少一个实施例中具有以下优点：不需要为不同部署生成和更新不同的源代码主机，而是需要创建和维护应用程序的一个单一架构分层。

9. 发明申请

US20130192524A1 Continuous Substrate Processing System 有权
标题翻译：连续基板加工系统
公开(公告)号：US20130192524A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-01
申请号：US13755891
申请日：2013-01-31
申请人： Banqiu Wu , Nag B. Patibandla , Toshiaki Fujita , Ralf Hofmann , Pravin K. Narwankar , Jeonghoon Oh , Srinivas Satya , Li-Qun Xia
发明人： Banqiu Wu , Nag B. Patibandla , Toshiaki Fujita , Ralf Hofmann , Pravin K. Narwankar , Jeonghoon Oh , Srinivas Satya , Li-Qun Xia
IPC分类号： H01L21/673
CPC分类号： H01L21/673 , C23C16/45546 , C23C16/4558 , C23C16/4584 , C23C16/54 , H01L21/67346 , H01L21/677
摘要： A processing chamber having a plurality of movable substrate carriers stacked therein for continuously processing a plurality of substrates is provided. The movable substrate carrier is capable of being transported from outside of the processing chamber, e.g., being transferred from a load luck chamber, into the processing chamber and out of the processing chamber, e.g., being transferred into another load luck chamber. Process gases delivered into the processing chamber are spatially separated into a plurality of processing slots, and/or temporally controlled. The processing chamber can be part of a multi-chamber substrate processing system.
摘要翻译：提供一种处理室，其具有堆叠在其中的多个可移动基板载体，用于连续处理多个基板。可移动衬底载体能够从处理室的外部传送，例如从负载运送室转移到处理室中并且从处理室中输送，例如被转移到另一负载运送室中。输送到处理室中的工艺气体在空间上分离成多个处理槽，和/或在时间上被控制。处理室可以是多室衬底处理系统的一部分。

10. 发明申请

US20120152203A1 Method and control unit for operating an injector of an internal combustion engine 有权
标题翻译：用于操作内燃机的喷射器的方法和控制单元
公开(公告)号：US20120152203A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：US13323145
申请日：2011-12-12
申请人： Guido Porten , Markus Amler , Matthias Walz , Alexandra Woerz , Ralf Hofmann , Arthur Pichlkostner
发明人： Guido Porten , Markus Amler , Matthias Walz , Alexandra Woerz , Ralf Hofmann , Arthur Pichlkostner
IPC分类号： F02B3/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/2096 , F02D41/221 , F02D41/28 , F02D41/402 , F02D2041/2051 , Y02T10/44
摘要： In a method for operating an injector of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, in which an actuator for driving a component of the injector is provided, the actuator is controlled in such a way that at least two partial injections are brought about within a working cycle of the internal combustion engine. For each partial injection, a starting point in time of the partial injection is ascertained.
摘要翻译：在一种用于操作机动车辆的内燃机的喷射器的方法中，其中设置有用于驱动喷射器的部件的致动器，致动器被控制为使得至少两次部分喷射在内燃机的工作循环。对于每个局部注射，确定部分注射的起始点。

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