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1. 发明申请

WO2009079771A1 EVOLUTION OF ETHERNET NETWORKS 审中-公开
标题翻译：以太网网络演进
公开(公告)号：WO2009079771A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-02
申请号：PCT/CA2008/002234
申请日：2008-12-19
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , BRAGG, Nigel , ALLAN, David , PARRY, Simon , FRISKNEY, Robert , BRUECKHEIMER, Simon
发明人： BRAGG, Nigel , ALLAN, David , PARRY, Simon , FRISKNEY, Robert , BRUECKHEIMER, Simon
IPC分类号： H04L12/40 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/462 , H04L12/4654 , H04L12/4658 , H04L12/4662 , H04L41/12 , H04L43/50 , H04L45/745
摘要： An Ethernet network comprises nodes which support a plurality of different forwarding modes. A range of VLAN Identifiers (VIDs) are allocated to each of the forwarding modes. Connections are configured between a source node and a destination node of the network using different forwarding modes. Packets carrying data traffic are sent to the destination node by selectively setting a VID in a packet to a first value, to transfer a packet via a first connection and a first forwarding mode, and a second value to transfer a packet via the second connection and the second forwarding mode. Packets received from both of the connections and sent on to an end-user. VLAN Identifiers can be allocated to different releases of functionality at nodes (e.g. software releases) such that packets are forwarded via a set of nodes supporting a first release, or via a set of nodes supporting a second release. It is possible to provide a controlled and disruption-free network evolution.
摘要翻译：以太网网络包括支持多个不同转发模式的节点。每个转发模式都分配了一系列VLAN标识符（VID）。使用不同的转发模式在网络的源节点和目的节点之间配置连接。通过选择性地将数据包中的VID设置为第一值，经由第一连接和第一转发模式传送分组，以及经由第二连接传送分组的第二值，将携带数据业务的分组发送到目的地节点，第二转发模式。从两个连接接收到的数据包发送给最终用户。 VLAN标识符可以被分配给节点（例如软件版本）上的不同版本的功能，使得分组经由支持第一版本的一组节点或经由支持第二版本的一组节点转发。可以提供受控和无中断的网络演进。

2. 发明申请

WO2005099183A1 DIFFERENTIAL FORWARDING IN ADDRESS-BASED CARRIER NETWORKS 审中-公开
标题翻译：基于地址的运营商网络的差异转发
公开(公告)号：WO2005099183A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-20
申请号：PCT/GB2005/001332
申请日：2005-04-06
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , NORTEL NETWORKS UK LIMITED , FRISKNEY, Robert , BRAGG, Nigel , PARRY, Simon , ASHWOOD-SMITH, Peter , ALLEN, David , BRUECKHEIMER, Simon , GIBBON, Mark
发明人： FRISKNEY, Robert , BRAGG, Nigel , PARRY, Simon , ASHWOOD-SMITH, Peter , ALLEN, David , BRUECKHEIMER, Simon , GIBBON, Mark
IPC分类号： H04L12/46
CPC分类号： H04L45/74 , H04L12/4641 , H04L12/4645 , H04L45/54 , H04L45/64 , H04L45/66 , H04L47/122 , H04L49/205 , H04L49/253 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/351 , H04L49/354
摘要： The invention relates to enabling differential forwarding in address-based carrier networks such as Ethernet networks. There is described a method of and connection controller for establishing connections (76, 77) in a frame-based communications network comprising nodes (71-75 and 78) such as Ethernet switches. The connections are established by configuring, in various of the nodes, mappings for forwarding data frames, such as Ethernet frames. The mappings are from a combination of a) a destination (or source) address corresponding to a destination (or source) node (73) of the connection and b) an identifier, such as a VLAN tag. The mappings are to selected output ports of the various nodes. By using the combination of destination (or source) address AND identifier, the mappings enable data frames belonging to different connections (76, 77) to be forwarded differentially (ie forwarded on different output ports) at a node (75) despite the different connections having the same destination node. This enables flexibility in routing connections and the ability to perform traffic engineering.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在诸如以太网的基于地址的运营商网络中实现差分转发。描述了在包括诸如以太网交换机的节点（71-75和78）的基于帧的通信网络中建立连接（76,77）的方法和连接控制器。通过在各种节点中配置用于转发数据帧（例如以太网帧）的映射来建立连接。映射来自a）与该连接的目的地（或源）节点（73）对应的目的地（或源）地址的组合，以及b）诸如VLAN标签的标识符。映射到各个节点的选定输出端口。通过使用目的地（或源）地址AND标识符的组合，映射使得属于不同连接（76,77）的数据帧能够在节点（75）处差分地转发（即，在不同的输出端口上转发），尽管不同的连接具有相同的目的地节点。这使得路由连接的灵活性和执行流量工程的能力。

3. 发明申请

WO2007088341A1 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONNECTING SEPARATE SPANNING TREE NETWORKS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于连接单独的扫描树网络的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：WO2007088341A1
公开(公告)日：2007-08-09
申请号：PCT/GB2007/000306
申请日：2007-01-30
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , BRAGG, Nigel , BOTTORFF, Paul , ALLAN, David , FRISKNEY, Robert , PARRY, Simon
发明人： BRAGG, Nigel , BOTTORFF, Paul , ALLAN, David , FRISKNEY, Robert , PARRY, Simon
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/48 , H04L45/04
摘要： A managed frame-forwarding network comprises a plurality of nodes interconnected by links, with each node being arranged to forward data frames according to forwarding instructions stored at the node which specify a combination of a route identifier and a network address carried by a received data frame. A sub-set of nodes are selected as waypoint nodes. A spanning tree is then built off each of the selected waypoint nodes. Each spanning tree defines a loop-free path between a waypoint node at the root of the spanning tree and a set of outlying nodes. Connections are planned between roots of the spanning trees and an identifier is allocated to each planned connection between a pair of spanning trees. An end-to-end route between any outlying node on a first of the spanning trees and any outlying node on a second of the spanning trees comprises the path defined by the first spanning tree, a planned connection between waypoint nodes at the root of the first and second spanning trees and the path defined by the second spanning tree.
摘要翻译：被管理的帧转发网络包括通过链路互连的多个节点，其中每个节点被安排为根据存储在节点处的转发指令来转发数据帧，该节点指定路由标识符和接收的数据帧承载的网络地址的组合。选择节点的子集作为路点节点。然后，每个选定的航点节点都会生成生成树。每个生成树定义生成树根节点和一组外围节点之间的无循环路径。在生成树的根之间计划连接，并且将标识符分配给一对生成树之间的每个计划连接。在第一个生成树上的任何离开的节点和第二个生成树上的任何外围节点之间的端到端路由包括由第一个生成树定义的路径，在根节点的路点节点之间的计划的连接第一个和第二个生成树以及由第二个生成树定义的路径。

4. 发明公开

EP2227880A1 IP FORWARDING ACROSS A LINK STATE PROTOCOL CONTROLLED ETHERNET NETWORK 审中-公开
标题翻译： IP转发的通链路状态协议控制的以太网
公开(公告)号：EP2227880A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-15
申请号：EP08870330.1
申请日：2008-12-30
申请人： Nortel Networks Limited , Allan, David , Bragg, Nigel
发明人： UNBEHAGEN, Paul , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L12/4625 , H04L12/462 , H04L29/12028 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/42 , H04L45/66 , H04L45/742 , H04L61/103
摘要： Nodes on an Ethernet network run a link state protocol on the control plane and install shortest path forwarding state into their FIBs to allow packets to follow shortest paths through the network without requiring MAC header replacement at each hop on the network. When a node learns an IP address, it inserts the IP address into a LSA to advertise reachability of the IP address on the network. Each node will add this IP address to its link state database. If a packet arrives at an ingress node, the ingress node will read the IP address, determine which node on the link state protocol controlled Ethernet network advertised the IP address, and construct a MAC header to forward the packet to the node. The DA/VID of the MAC header is the nodal MAC of the node that advertised the IP address. Unicast and multicast IP forwarding are implemented.

5. 发明申请

WO2010124367A1 VIRTUAL LINKS IN A ROUTED ETHERNET MESH NETWORK 审中-公开
标题翻译：路由式以太网网络中的虚拟链路
公开(公告)号：WO2010124367A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-04
申请号：PCT/CA2010/000611
申请日：2010-04-21
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel
发明人： ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel
IPC分类号： H04Q3/64 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/24 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/66
摘要： Virtual links may be used to divert traffic within an Ethernet network without affecting overall traffic patterns on the Ethernet network. In one embodiment, the virtual link may be established on the network via a routing system in use on the network. Nodes on a defined path for the virtual link will install forwarding state for the virtual link so that traffic may follow the defined path through the network. The logical view of the virtual link, from a routing perspective however, has the same cost as the shortest path between the endpoints of the virtual link and, accordingly, does not affect other traffic patterns on the network. Once established, the end nodes on the virtual path will have two equal cost paths through the network - one following the shortest path tree and one along the path for the virtual link. The end nodes may use a tie breaking process in an Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP) selection process to preferentially select the virtual link over the shortest path.
摘要翻译：可以使用虚拟链路来转移以太网中的流量，而不会影响以太网上的总体流量模式。在一个实施例中，可以经由在网络上使用的路由系统在网络上建立虚拟链路。用于虚拟链路的定义路径上的节点将为虚拟链路安装转发状态，以便流量可能遵循通过网络定义的路径。然而，从路由角度看，虚拟链路的逻辑视图与虚拟链路的端点之间的最短路径具有相同的成本，因此不会影响网络上的其他流量模式。一旦建立，虚拟路径上的端节点将具有通过网络的两条相同的成本路径 - 一个在最短路径树之后，一个沿着虚拟链路的路径。终端节点可以使用等价成本多路径（ECMP）选择过程中的中断过程优先选择最短路径上的虚拟链路。

6. 发明申请

WO2011029179A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SELECTING BETWEEN MULTIPLE EQUAL COST PATHS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于选择多个等效成本的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：WO2011029179A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-17
申请号：PCT/CA2010/001388
申请日：2010-09-08
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel , CHIABAUT, Jerome
发明人： ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel , CHIABAUT, Jerome
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04B1/00 , H04B14/00 , H04L12/24
CPC分类号： H04L45/24 , H04L12/66 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/12 , H04L45/66
摘要： Each equal cost path is assigned a path ID created by concatenating an ordered set of link IDs which form the path through the network. The link IDs are created from the node IDs on either set of the link. The link IDs are sorted from lowest to highest when creating the path ID to facilitate ranking of the paths. The low and high ranked paths are selected from this ranked list as the first set of diverse paths through the network. Each of the link IDs on each of the paths is then renamed, for example by inverting either all of the high node IDs or low node IDs. After re-naming the links, new path IDs are created by concatenating an ordered set of renamed link IDs. The paths are then re-ranked and the low and high re-ranked paths are selected from this re- ranked list as the second set of diverse paths through the network. Selective naming of node IDs and use of different inversion functions can be exploited to further optimize distribution of traffic on the network.
摘要翻译：为每个相等的成本路径指定了通过连接形成通过网络的路径的有序的链路ID组创建的路径ID。链接ID是从链路的任一组上的节点ID创建的。当创建路径ID以便于路径的排序时，链接ID从最低到最高排序。从这个排名列表中选择低和高排名的路径作为通过网络的第一组不同路径。然后，每个路径上的每个链路ID被重命名，例如通过反转所有高节点ID或低节点ID。在链接重新命名之后，通过连接重命名的链接ID的有序集来创建新的路径ID。然后将路径重新排序，并且从该重新排列的列表中选择低和高重排路径作为通过网络的第二组不同路径。可以利用节点ID的选择性命名和不同反演功能的使用来进一步优化网络上的流量分配。

7. 发明申请

WO2010032081A1 TIE-BREAKING IN SHORTEST PATH DETERMINATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：在最短路径确定中进行切割
公开(公告)号：WO2010032081A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-25
申请号：PCT/IB2008/003940
申请日：2008-12-11
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , CHIABAUT, Jérome , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel , ASHWOOD SMITH, Peter
发明人： CHIABAUT, Jérome , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel , ASHWOOD SMITH, Peter
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/12 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/24
摘要： A consistent tie-breaking decision between equal-cost shortest (lowest cost) paths is achieved by comparing an ordered set of node identifiers for each of a plurality of end-to-end paths. Alternatively, the same results can be achieved, on-the-fly, as a shortest path tree is constructed, by making a selection of an equal-cost path using the node identifiers of the diverging branches of the tree. Both variants allow a consistent selection to be made of equal-cost paths, regardless of where in the network the shortest paths are calculated. This ensures that traffic flow between any two nodes, in both the forward and reverse directions, will always follow the same path through the network.
摘要翻译：通过比较多个端对端路径中的每一个的有序节点标识符集来实现等成本最短（最低成本）路径之间的一致的打破决定。或者，通过使用树的分支分支的节点标识符选择等价路径，可以实时地实现与最短路径树相同的结果。这两种变体允许对等成本路径进行一致的选择，而不管网络中哪些地方计算最短路径。这确保任何两个节点之间在正向和反向方向上的业务流量将始终遵循通过网络的相同路径。

8. 发明申请

WO2010127431A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN A ROUTED ETHERNET MESH NETWORK 审中-公开
标题翻译：在路由以太网网络中进行多播实现的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：WO2010127431A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-11
申请号：PCT/CA2010/000625
申请日：2010-04-21
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel , CHIABAUT, Jerome
发明人： ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel , CHIABAUT, Jerome
IPC分类号： H04L12/44
CPC分类号： H04L45/12 , H04L12/185 , H04L12/4641 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/16 , H04L45/66 , H04L67/1044 , H04L67/1046 , H04N1/333
摘要： Interest in multicast group membership may be advertised via a routing system on an Ethernet network along with an indication of an algorithm to be used by the nodes on the network to calculate the distribution tree or trees for the multicast. Each node, upon receipt of the advertisement, will determine the algorithm that is to be used to produce the multicast tree and will use the algorithm to calculate whether it is on a path between nodes advertising common interest in the multicast. Example algorithms may include shortest path algorithms and spanning tree algorithms. This allows multicast membership to be managed via the routing control plane, while enabling spanning tree processes to be used to forward multicast traffic. Since spanning tree is able to install multicast state per service rather than per source per service, this reduces the amount of forwarding state required to implement multicasts on the routed Ethernet mesh network.
摘要翻译：可以通过以太网网络上的路由系统以及由网络上的节点使用的算法的指示来广播对组播组成员的兴趣，以计算组播的分布树或树。每个节点在接收到广告时将确定要用于生成多播树的算法，并且将使用该算法来计算是否在节点之间的路径上，广播广播上的共同兴趣。示例算法可以包括最短路径算法和生成树算法。这允许通过路由控制平面管理多播成员资格，同时使用生成树进程来转发组播流量。由于生成树能够按服务安装多播状态，而不是每个服务的每个源，因此减少了在路由以太网网络上实现组播所需的转发状态量。

9. 发明申请

WO2010121377A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACCOMMODATING DUPLICATE MAC ADDRESSES 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于存储双重MAC地址的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：WO2010121377A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-28
申请号：PCT/CA2010/000610
申请日：2010-04-21
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel
发明人： ALLAN, David , BRAGG, Nigel
IPC分类号： H04L12/24 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/08
CPC分类号： H04L61/2015 , H04L12/2881 , H04L29/12264 , H04L29/12839 , H04L29/12933 , H04L61/2046 , H04L61/6022 , H04L61/6068
摘要： Each access node is associated with one or more IP subnets with a preferred default subnet. Each subnet is instantiated as a unique virtual Ethernet broadcast domain. As client nodes register on the communication network, they will dynamically try to obtain an IP address for use on the communication network. As part of this process, the MAC address of the client node will be checked to ensure that it is not a duplicate of another MAC address associated with another client node that has already been assigned an IP address from the default subnet. When duplicate MAC addresses are detected, the device with the duplicate MAC address will be assigned an IP address from a different subnet so that more than one client device with the same MAC address are not associated with the same subnet. In one embodiment, a DHCP server may implement the process of checking for duplicate MAC addresses. In an Ethernet context, different IP subnet prefixes may be mapped to different S-VID values so that the different subnets are implemented as different VLANs within the Ethernet network.
摘要翻译：每个访问节点与一个或多个具有优选默认子网的IP子网相关联。每个子网被实例化为唯一的虚拟以太网广播域。随着客户端节点在通信网络中的注册，他们将动态地尝试获取在通信网络上使用的IP地址。作为此过程的一部分，将检查客户端节点的MAC地址，以确保它不是与已从默认子网分配了IP地址的另一个客户端节点关联的另一个MAC地址重复。当检测到重复的MAC地址时，具有重复MAC地址的设备将被分配来自不同子网的IP地址，以便具有相同MAC地址的多个客户端设备不与同一个子网相关联。在一个实施例中，DHCP服务器可以实现检查重复的MAC地址的过程。在以太网上下文中，不同的IP子网前缀可以被映射到不同的S-VID值，使得不同的子网被实现为以太网中不同的VLAN。

10. 发明申请

WO2009088880A1 IMPLEMENTATION OF VPNS OVER A LINK STATE PROTOCOL CONTROLLED ETHERNET NETWORK 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过链路状态协议控制以太网网络实现VPNS
公开(公告)号：WO2009088880A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-16
申请号：PCT/US2008/088569
申请日：2008-12-30
申请人： NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED , UNBEHAGEN, Paul , ALLAN, David , GERMAIN, Bruno , LAPUH, Roger , ANUMALA, Mohnish , BRAGG, Nigel
发明人： UNBEHAGEN, Paul , ALLAN, David , GERMAIN, Bruno , LAPUH, Roger , ANUMALA, Mohnish , BRAGG, Nigel
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/4662 , H04L12/462 , H04L12/4645 , H04L12/4683 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/028 , H04L45/04 , H04L45/502 , H04L45/52 , H04L45/54 , H04L45/66
摘要： Nodes on an Ethernet network implement a link state routing protocol. Nodes assign an IP address or I-SID value per VRF and advertise the IP addresses or I-SID values using LSAs. When a packet is to be forwarded on the VPN, the ingress node identifies the VRF for the packet and performs an IP lookup in customer address space in the VRF to determine the next hop and IP address or I-SID value of the VRF on the egress node. The ingress node prepends an I-SID or IP header to identify the VRFs and creates a MAC header to allow the packet to be forwarded to the egress node on the Ethernet network. When the packet is received at the egress node, the MAC header is stripped from the packet and the appended I-SID or IP header is used to identify the egress VRF.
摘要翻译：以太网上的节点实现链路状态路由协议。节点为每个VRF分配IP地址或I-SID值，并使用LSA通告IP地址或I-SID值。当在VPN上转发数据包时，入口节点识别数据包的VRF，并在VRF的客户地址空间中执行IP查找，以确定VRF的下一跳和IP地址或I-SID值出口节点。入口节点添加I-SID或IP头以识别VRF，并创建一个MAC报头，以允许将数据包转发到以太网上的出口节点。当在出口节点处接收到分组时，从分组中剥离MAC报头，并使用附加的I-SID或IP报头来识别出口VRF。

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