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1. 发明授权

US4612062A Process for producing a fine-grained workpiece from a nickel-based superalloy 失效
标题翻译：从镍基超级合金制造细粒工件的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4612062A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-16
申请号：US655551
申请日：1984-09-28
申请人： Mohamed Y. Nazmy , Hans Rydstad , Gunther Schroder , Robert Singer
发明人： Mohamed Y. Nazmy , Hans Rydstad , Gunther Schroder , Robert Singer
IPC分类号： C22C19/05 , B21J5/02 , C22F1/00 , C22F1/10
CPC分类号： C22F1/10
摘要： A fine-grained workpiece having improved mechanical properties is produced from a nickel-based superalloy by two-part forging, a blank being converted, in a first isothermal hot-forming step (curve b) above the solution-annealing temperature for the .gamma.'-phase (line a), into an intermediate form and the latter then being finally forged to give the end form in a second isothermal hot-forming step (curve c) just below the solution-annealing temperature for the .gamma.'-phase. For the first step, a degree of deformation .epsilon. of of at least 0.7 at a mean deformation rate .epsilon. of about 10.times.10.sup.-3 s.sup.-1 is required here. The second step is carried out at deformation rates .epsilon. which are one to two powers of 10 lower than those of the first step.
摘要翻译：具有改善的机械性能的细晶粒工件通过两部分锻造（坯料转化）由镍基超级合金制成，在第一等温热成形步骤（曲线b）中高于γ'的溶液退火温度，相（线a）成为中间形式，然后将其最后锻造成在刚好低于γ'相的溶液 - 退火温度的第二等温热成型步骤（曲线c）中得到最终形式。对于第一步骤，需要在约10×10 -3 s -1的平均形变速率ε下至少为0.7的变形度ε。第二步以与第一步相比低一到二倍的幂的倍数进行。

2. 发明授权

US4583720A Apparatus for the zone-annealing of a workpiece consisting of a high-temperature material 失效
标题翻译：用于由高温材料组成的工件进行区域退火的装置
公开(公告)号：US4583720A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-22
申请号：US664389
申请日：1984-10-24
申请人： Roland Kunzli , Gunther Schroder , Robert Singer
发明人： Roland Kunzli , Gunther Schroder , Robert Singer
IPC分类号： C21D9/28 , C21D1/26 , C21D1/44 , C21D1/46 , C22F1/00 , C22F1/10 , C21D9/00
CPC分类号： C21D1/46 , C21D1/26
摘要： An apparatus and a process for the zone-annealing of a workpiece (1) consisting of a high-temperature material, in which the workpiece (1) is hung on a suspension device (2) actuated via a roller (3) driven by a drive motor (4) and is provided with a plate-shaped covering screen (10) having an orifice. For the dipping of the workpiece (1), there is underneath the latter a salt bath (5) which is enclosed in an insulating vessel (6) and is provided with a heating system (7) with centrally symmetrical guide plates (8) and which is closed off at the top by means of a floating insulating cover (9). The cooling of the part of the workpiece (1) which is not immersed is guaranteed by a cooling body (11) through which cooling air (14) flows and which has a central passage (12) and, at the lower end of the passage (12), a projecting edge (13) serving as a stop for the covering screen (10). The intended grain structure can be adjusted when the feed speed of the workpiece (1) is varied in portions by means of a drive motor (4) and the amount of cooling air (14). The lateral heat flux is reduced by means of jacket-like heat-insulating cladding of the workpiece (1).
摘要翻译：一种用于由高温材料组成的工件（1）的区域退火的装置和方法，其中工件（1）悬挂在经由由（3）驱动的辊（3）致动的悬挂装置（2）上，驱动马达（4），并且设置有具有孔口的板状覆盖屏（10）。对于工件（1）的浸渍，在其下方具有封闭在绝缘容器（6）中的盐浴（5），并且设置有具有中心对称导向板（8）的加热系统（7）和其通过浮动绝缘盖（9）在顶部封闭。通过冷却空气（14）流过冷却空气（14）并具有中心通道（12）的冷却体（11）和通道的下端来保证工件（1）未被浸没的部分的冷却（12），用作覆盖屏（10）的止挡件的突出边缘（13）。当通过驱动马达（4）和冷却空气（14）的量部分地改变工件（1）的进给速度时，可以调整预期的晶粒结构。通过工件（1）的护套状绝热包层来减小横向热通量。

3. 发明授权

US4588552A Process for the manufacture of a workpiece from a creep-resistant alloy 失效
标题翻译：从抗蠕变合金制造工件的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4588552A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-13
申请号：US666147
申请日：1984-11-01
申请人： Gunther Schroder , Robert Singer
发明人： Gunther Schroder , Robert Singer
IPC分类号： B22F3/24 , B22F9/04 , C22C32/00 , C22F1/10 , B22F1/00 , B22F9/00 , C22C1/04 , C22C19/03
CPC分类号： C22C32/0026 , B22F3/24 , B22F9/04 , C22F1/10 , B22F2009/041 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , B22F2999/00 , Y10S29/031
摘要： Manufacture of a workpiece from a creep-resistant nickel superalloy which is hardened by means of an oxide dispersion, by a powder-metallurgical process in which the mechanically alloyed powder is subjected to an isothermal or quasi-isothermal hot-rolling operation, in the course of which the powder particles are converted into a flake-shaped form with a pronounced longitudinal axes, and the rolled powder is introduced into a steel container and is compressed by isostatic hot-pressing. The workpiece is afterwards subjected to an annealing treatment which is designed to develop a coarse grain size. A preferred embodiment comprises the introduction of the powder into the mold or container in an oriented manner, in order to obtain a stratified packing of the powder, and an annealing treatment which is designed to develop a coarse grain size and is performed as a zone-annealing treatment.
摘要翻译：由通过氧化物分散体硬化的耐蠕变镍超合金制造工件，通过粉末冶金方法制造机械合金粉末，其中机械合金化粉末在该过程中进行等温或准等温热轧操作其中粉末颗粒转化成具有明显纵轴的薄片形状，并将轧制粉末引入钢容器中并通过等静压热压缩。然后将工件进行退火处理，其被设计成形成粗粒度。优选的实施方案包括以定向方式将粉末引入模具或容器中，以获得粉末的分层包装，以及被设计为开发粗粒度的退火处理，并且作为区域 - 退火处理。

4. 发明授权

US4713483A Process for the production of oxalic acid diesters 失效
标题翻译：草酸二酯生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4713483A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-15
申请号：US849858
申请日：1986-04-09
申请人： Klaus Langerbeins , Gunther Schroder , Hans-Peter Boehm
发明人： Klaus Langerbeins , Gunther Schroder , Hans-Peter Boehm
IPC分类号： C07B61/00 , B01J27/00 , C07C69/36 , C07C67/36
CPC分类号： C07C69/36
摘要： A process for the production of diesters of oxalic acid by oxidative carbonylation of alcohols with carbon monoxide and oxygen as oxidizer at pressures of 1 to 700 atmospheres and in a temperature range between 20.degree. and 250.degree. C. in a reaction phase containing the alcohol and, as catalyst, palladium and at least one metal halide in catalytically effective amounts, whereby a catalyst system is used which consists of palladium, at least one metal halide, and an activated carbon which has been pretreated before use by heating to 200.degree.-1,500.degree. C. in a gas atmosphere G, differing from air.The gas atmosphere G, differing from air, consists, preferably, of at least one of the gases (a) nitrogen; (b) nitrogen compounds, except those with nitrogen-oxygen bonds; or (c) carbon monoxide; and may optionally contain an accompanying gas.
摘要翻译：在含有醇的反应相中，在1〜700个大气压和20〜250℃的压力下，一氧化碳和氧气作为氧化剂的醇的氧化羰基化生产草酸的方法，作为催化剂，钯和至少一种金属卤化物具有催化有效量，由此使用由钯，至少一种金属卤化物和活性炭组成的催化剂体系，其在使用前通过加热至200-1,500 在气体气氛G中，与空气不同。不同于空气的气体气氛G优选由气体（a）中的至少一种构成氮气; （b）除氮氧键外的氮化合物; 或（c）一氧化碳; 并且可以任选地含有伴随的气体。

5. 发明授权

US4453985A Process for the production of a fine-grained work piece as finished part from a heat resistant austenitic nickel based alloy 失效
标题翻译：从耐热奥氏体镍基合金制造作为成品的细粒工件的方法
公开(公告)号：US4453985A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-12
申请号：US463015
申请日：1983-02-01
申请人： Gernot Gessinger , Gunther Schroder
发明人： Gernot Gessinger , Gunther Schroder
IPC分类号： C22C19/05 , C22F1/00 , C22F1/10
CPC分类号： C22F1/10
摘要： Using a heat resistant austenitic nickel based alloy, independent of the grain size in the initial material, a fine-grained finished part is produced from an unworked part which was not specially cultivated for fine grain, in a single operational step, consisting of isothermal forging.
摘要翻译：使用耐热奥氏体镍基合金，与初始材料中的晶粒尺寸无关，在单个操作步骤中，由等温锻造组成的未经特别培养的细晶粒的未加工部分生产细粒成品部件。

6. 发明授权

US4404025A Process for manufacturing semifinished product from a memory alloy containing copper 失效
标题翻译：从含铜记忆合金制造半成品的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4404025A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-13
申请号：US351530
申请日：1982-02-23
申请人： Olivier Mercier , Dag Richter , Gunther Schroder
发明人： Olivier Mercier , Dag Richter , Gunther Schroder
IPC分类号： C22F1/00 , C21D8/00
CPC分类号： C22F1/006
摘要： Brittle Ni/Ti memory alloys containing copper can be transformed, from the cast condition, into semifinished product which is suitable for further processing, by a process in which a cast bar is homogenized, a little below the solidus line, and is then isothermally extruded in the temperature range from 700.degree. to 850.degree. C.
摘要翻译：包含铜的脆性Ni / Ti记忆合金可以从浇铸状态转化成适合进一步加工的半成品，通过其中铸造条均匀化，稍低于固相线的方法，然后等温挤出在700〜850℃的温度范围内

7. 发明授权

US4386971A Process for manufacturing a finished component from an Ni/Ti or Ni/Ti/Cu memory alloy 失效
标题翻译：从Ni / Ti或Ni / Ti / Cu记忆合金制造成品的方法
公开(公告)号：US4386971A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-07
申请号：US354358
申请日：1982-03-03
申请人： Keith Melton , Olivier Mercier , Gunther Schroder
发明人： Keith Melton , Olivier Mercier , Gunther Schroder
IPC分类号： C22F1/00 , C22F1/10
CPC分类号： C22F1/006
摘要： Finished components made from Ni/Ti or Ni/Ti/Cu memory alloys can be manufactured by isothermal or quasi-isothermal ("hot die") working of sections of semifinished product, and by subsequent additional cold-working in the temperature region of the martensitic transformation by flow-turning, tapering, necking, ironing or spinning, it being possible to dispense, completely or at least to a large extent, with an additional machining operation of the metal-cutting type. Manufacture of complicated connecting elements, using the memory effect, for connecting rods, tubes, plates, etc.
摘要翻译：由Ni / Ti或Ni / Ti / Cu记忆合金制成的成品可以通过半成品部分的等温或准等温（“热模”）加工制造，随后在其温度区域进行额外的冷加工通过流动转动，锥形，颈缩，熨烫或旋转的马氏体转变，可以通过金属切割类型的附加加工操作完全或至少在很大程度上分配。制造复杂的连接元件，使用记忆效应，连接棒，管，板等

8. 发明授权

US4311890A High-voltage, blast-actuated power switch having a deformable bridge conductor 失效
标题翻译：具有可变形桥接导体的高压，鼓风式电源开关
公开(公告)号：US4311890A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-19
申请号：US112315
申请日：1980-01-15
申请人： Gunther Schroder
发明人： Gunther Schroder
IPC分类号： H01H39/00
CPC分类号： H01H39/006
摘要： A high-voltage, blast-actuated power switch is disclosed in which non-arcing edges are formed on a bridge conductor when the conductor is blasted. Upon blasting, the bridge conductor bends forming edges having a large radius of curvature. When the bridge conductor is blasted, an element of the bridge conductor moves in the axial direction away from the other element of the bridge conductor, thereby increasing the separation between bridge conductor elements. The axially movable bridge conductor is held in its new axial position causing the bridge conductor elements to remain separated.
摘要翻译：公开了一种高压，鼓风式电源开关，其中当导体被炸毁时，在电桥导体上形成非电弧边缘。在爆破时，桥导体弯曲形成具有大曲率半径的边缘。当桥式导体爆破时，桥式导体的元件沿轴向移动远离桥式导体的另一元件，从而增加桥式导体元件之间的间隔。轴向可移动的桥导体保持在其新的轴向位置，导致桥导体元件保持分离。

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