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1. 发明申请

US20140209479A1 SELF-CONTAINED, PV-POWERED DOMESTIC TOILET AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：自备，光伏家用厕所和废水处理系统
公开(公告)号：US20140209479A1
公开(公告)日：2014-07-31
申请号：US14048163
申请日：2013-10-08
申请人： Michael R. Hoffmann , Asghar Aryanfar , Kangwoo Cho , Clement A. Cid , Daejung Kwon , Yan Qu
发明人： Michael R. Hoffmann , Asghar Aryanfar , Kangwoo Cho , Clement A. Cid , Daejung Kwon , Yan Qu
IPC分类号： C02F1/467
CPC分类号： C02F1/4674 , C02F1/444 , C02F3/28 , C02F2001/007 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2103/00 , C02F2103/002 , C02F2103/005 , C02F2201/008 , C02F2201/009 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/4612 , C02F2201/46165 , C02F2209/005 , C02F2209/29 , C02F2305/10 , Y02A20/211 , Y02A20/212 , Y02W10/33 , Y02W10/37
摘要： A wastewater treatment system and method for remediating wastewater and human waste that is self-contained and that has no connection to a municipal wastewater system and no connection to an electrical grid. The domestic toilet and wastewater treatment system can be powered by a photovoltaic panel as a source of electricity. The system includes an electrochemical cell that allows a waste stream to be disinfected in a few hours to a condition where no viable bacterial colonies can be cultured. The system produces a liquid stream that is suitable for system flushing or for uses in which non-potable water is acceptable. The system can generate hydrogen as a product that can be used to generate power. The system can generate nitrate, urea, ammonia and phosphate for use as fertilizer. The disinfected residual organic solids are also completely disinfected for potential use as an organic soil amendment for agriculture.
摘要翻译：用于修复自给自足的废水和人类废物的废水处理系统和方法，与市政废水系统无连接，并且不与电网连接。家用厕所和污水处理系统可以由光伏面板作为电源供电。该系统包括电化学电池，其允许在几个小时内将废物流消毒至不能培养活细菌菌落的状态。该系统产生适于系统冲洗或非饮用水可接受的用途的液体流。该系统可以产生氢气作为可用于发电的产品。该系统可以产生硝酸盐，尿素，氨和磷酸盐作为肥料。消毒的残留有机固体也被完全消毒，作为有机土壤修复农业的潜在用途。

2. 发明授权

US4880740A Microbial reduction of iron ore 失效
标题翻译：铁矿石微生物还原
公开(公告)号：US4880740A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US661629
申请日：1984-10-17
申请人： Michael R. Hoffmann , Robert G. Arnold , Gregory Stephanopoulos
发明人： Michael R. Hoffmann , Robert G. Arnold , Gregory Stephanopoulos
IPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C22B3/18
CPC分类号： C12P3/00 , C22B3/18 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P20/582
摘要： A process is provided for reducing iron ore by treatment with microorganisms which comprises forming an aqueous mixture of iron ore, microorganisms operable for reducing the ferric iron of the iron ore to ferrous iron, and a substrate operable as an energy source for the microbial reduction; and maintaining the aqueous mixture for a period of time and under conditions operable to effect the reduction of the ore. Preferably the microorganism is Pseudomonas sp. 200 and the reduction conducted anaerobically with a domestic wastewater as the substrate. An aqueous solution containing soluble ferrous iron can be separated from the reacted mixture, treated with a base to precipitate ferrous hydroxide which can then be recovered as a concentrated slurry.
摘要翻译：提供了通过用微生物处理来还原铁矿石的方法，其包括形成铁矿石的水性混合物，可操作以将铁矿石的铁铁还原成亚铁的微生物，以及可用作微生物还原能源的底物; 并且将水性混合物保持一段时间并且在可操作以实现矿石还原的条件下。优选地，微生物是假单胞菌属 200，以生活废水为底物进行无氧化还原。含有可溶性亚铁的水溶液可以与反应混合物分离，用碱处理以沉淀氢氧化亚铁，然后可以作为浓缩浆液回收。

3. 发明授权

US5419824A Electrode, electrode manufacturing process and electrochemical cell 失效
标题翻译：电极，电极制造工艺和电化学电池
公开(公告)号：US5419824A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-30
申请号：US194727
申请日：1994-02-10
申请人： Oleh Weres , Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Oleh Weres , Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： C02F1/00 , C02F1/461 , C25B11/04 , C25B9/00
CPC分类号： C25B11/0478 , C02F1/46109 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2001/46161 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/4619 , C02F2301/024 , C02F2305/023
摘要： This invention provides a novel electrode which is capable of operation at sufficiently positive anodic potential to produce hydroxyl free radicals and release them into solution, and a process for producing these electrodes. It also provides electrochemical cells utilizing these electrodes, and a novel material included in these electrodes. The electrode consists of titanium metal or a titanium alloy, with an oxide coating that includes titanium dioxide and also includes niobium(IV) oxide or tantalum(IV) oxide, sufficient to impart adequate electrical conductivity to the titanium dioxide under the necessary anodic polarization. An electrode preparation process is described, which allows niobium or tantalum in the oxide coating to be reduced to the +4 valence state, and causes the coating to assume a very stable and insoluble crystal structure. A process for manufacturing ammonium niobate, which is the preferred source compound for niobium in the electrode manufacturing process, is also provided.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种能够以足够正的阳极电位操作产生羟基自由基并将其释放到溶液中的新型电极，以及这些电极的制造方法。它还提供利用这些电极的电化学电池，以及包括在这些电极中的新型材料。电极由钛金属或钛合金构成，氧化物涂层包括二氧化钛，并且还包括氧化铌（IV）或氧化钇（IV），足以在必要的阳极极化下赋予二氧化钛足够的导电性。描述了一种电极制备方法，其允许氧化物涂层中的铌或钽降低至+4价态，并使涂层呈现非常稳定和不溶的晶体结构。还提供了在电极制造过程中制造铌酸铌的方法，其是铌的优选源化合物。

4. 发明授权

US4697462A Active cloudwater collector 失效
标题翻译：主动云端收集器
公开(公告)号：US4697462A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US867820
申请日：1986-05-27
申请人： Bruce C. Daube, Jr. , Richard C. Flagan , Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Bruce C. Daube, Jr. , Richard C. Flagan , Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： G01N1/18 , G01N1/22 , G01N1/24 , G01N1/14
CPC分类号： G01N1/2202 , G01N1/18 , B08B2230/01 , G01N1/24 , G01N2001/2223
摘要： A cloud water collector is disclosed comprised of a sampler duct having a plurality of spaced Teflon strands, in the form of screens, mounted across the conduit at an acute angle facing the open inlet of the conduit. Droplets in a cloud sample are drawn into the conduit by a fan located at the back end of the conduit, impact upon the Teflon strands and are drawn down to the lower ends of the strands, where they drop and the accumulated droplets are diverted to a sample bottle for collection. The cloud water collector can be automated to collect a plurality of successive cloud water samples by an automated sampler containing a reservoir into which cloud water obtained in the cloud water collector is discharged. A motor-driven turntable is provided which holds a plurality of sample bottles. When the reservoir is filled to a predetermined volume, apparatus, such as a liquid level sensor, actuates a valve to open same and discharge the liquid sample from the reservoir into one of the bottles at a filling station on the turntable. The valve then closes and the turntable rotates to index the next bottle beneath the reservoir at the filling station, and the operation is repeated to fill the latter bottle. When all of the bottles on the turntable have been filled, the indexing mechanism is deactivated and liquid accumulating in the reservoir is diverted to an overflow bottle.
摘要翻译：公开了一种云水收集器，其包括具有多个间隔的特氟隆股线的取样器管道，筛网形式以面对导管的开放入口的锐角安装在管道上。云样品中的液滴通过位于管道后端的风扇被吸入导管中，冲击特氟龙股线并被牵引到股线的下端，在那里它们下降并且累积的液滴被转移到样品瓶收集。云收集器可以自动化，通过自动取样器收集多个连续的云水样品，该采样器包含储存器，云收集器中获得的云水被排出。提供了一个保持多个样品瓶的电动转盘。当储存器被填充到预定的体积时，如液位传感器等装置致动阀门打开它，并将液体样品从储存器排出到转盘上的加油站中的一个瓶子中。然后关闭阀门，转台旋转以对加油站下的储液器下面的下一个瓶子进行索引，并重复操作以填充后一个瓶子。当转盘上的所有瓶子已经被填满时，分度机构就被停用，并且储存在液体中的液体被转移到溢流瓶中。

5. 发明授权

US5364508A Electrochemical method and device for generating hydroxyl free radicals and oxidizing chemical substances dissolved in water 失效
标题翻译：用于产生羟基自由基和氧化溶于水的化学物质的电化学方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5364508A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-15
申请号：US213980
申请日：1994-03-16
申请人： Oleh Weres , Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Oleh Weres , Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： C02F1/46 , C02F1/00 , C02F1/38 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/467
CPC分类号： C02F1/46104 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/001 , C02F1/38 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46133 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2001/46161 , C02F2101/30 , C02F2101/301 , C02F2101/36 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/4612 , C02F2201/4613 , C02F2201/4615 , C02F2201/46155 , C02F2201/4617 , C02F2201/4619 , C02F2209/003 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2301/024 , C02F2305/023 , Y02W10/37
摘要： This invention provides electrochemical methods for producing hydroxyl free radicals and decomposing by oxidation chemical substances dissolved in water. It utilizes a novel electrode which is capable of operation at sufficiently positive anodic potential to produce hydroxyl radicals. A complete device for oxidizing chemical substances dissolved in water is described, and operating conditions favorable to the method are discussed. Examples of oxidation reactions are presented, including oxidation of an herbicide, an insecticide, toluene, cresol, and a fluoroalkyl surfactant.
摘要翻译：本发明提供用于生产羟基自由基并通过溶解在水中的氧化化学物质分解的电化学方法。它利用一种新颖的电极，其能够在足够正的阳极电位下操作以产生羟基自由基。描述了用于氧化溶于水的化学物质的完整装置，并讨论了有利于该方法的操作条件。呈现氧化反应的实例，包括除草剂，杀虫剂，甲苯，甲酚和氟代烷基表面活性剂的氧化。

6. 发明申请

US20190390423A1 SKID WHEEL SYSTEM 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20190390423A1
公开(公告)日：2019-12-26
申请号：US16446997
申请日：2019-06-20
申请人： Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： E01H5/06
摘要： The present invention relates to a skid wheel system that has a skid shoe and a first skid wheel and a second skid wheel. The first skid wheel is positioned adjacent a first side of the skid shoe and the second skid wheel is positioned adjacent a second side of the skid shoe. The skid shoe has at least one connection opening that is configured to connect the skid shoe to a snow removal device with a connection member. The circumferential edge of the first skid wheel and the second skid wheel extends past at least a bottom of the skid shoe in order to mitigate wear and damage caused by engagement of a ground surface with the skid shoe and the snow removal device while improving traversal of the snow removal device over the ground surface.

7. 发明申请

US20100089841A1 ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED CAVITATION OF FLUOROCHEMICALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：超声波诱导的荧光化学成分
公开(公告)号：US20100089841A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-15
申请号：US12529397
申请日：2008-03-04
申请人： Brian T. Mader , Chad D. Vecitis , Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Brian T. Mader , Chad D. Vecitis , Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： C02F1/36
CPC分类号： C02F1/36 , B01J19/008 , B01J19/10 , C02F2101/36 , C02F2103/36 , C10M131/12 , C10M135/10 , C10M2211/044 , C10M2219/044
摘要： A process is described for the treatment of fluorochemicals in an aqueous environment, the process including the steps of (1) ultrasonically inducing cavitation in an aqueous system at a frequency within the range from about 15 kHz to about 1100 kHz, the aqueous system comprising fluorochemicals; and (2) breaking down the fluorochemicals into constituent components by the application of the cavitation. The ultrasonically induced cavitation is performed at a frequency within the range from greater than 200 kHz to about 1100 kHz. The process can be used to facilitate the degradation of any of a variety of fluorochemicals having a carbon chain length of C2 and higher.
摘要翻译：描述了用于在水性环境中处理含氟化合物的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：（1）以约15kHz至约1100kHz范围内的频率在水性体系中超声诱导空化，所述含水体系包含含氟化合物 ; 和（2）通过应用气蚀将含氟化合物分解成组成成分。在超过200kHz至约1100kHz的范围内的频率进行超声诱导的空化。该方法可用于促进碳链长度为C2以上的各种含氟化合物中的任何一种的降解。

8. 发明授权

US11198982B2 Skid wheel system 有权
公开(公告)号：US11198982B2
公开(公告)日：2021-12-14
申请号：US16446997
申请日：2019-06-20
申请人： Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： E01H5/06
摘要： A skid wheel system that has a shoe with two wheels attached. The first wheel is positioned adjacent to one side of the shoe and the second wheel is positioned adjacent to the other. The skid shoe has at least one connection opening to connect the skid shoe to a snow removal device. The circumferential edges of the wheels extend past at least the bottom, and protrude beyond the sides of the skid shoe, so as to protect the bottom, front and rear of the housing of the snow removal device from contact with concrete seams, and other uneven surfaces. The wheels can also, extend past the top of the shoe, so the system can be removed, rotated, and reattached in the event the bottom of the shoe wears to the point of no longer protecting the bottom of the snow removal device.

9. 发明申请

US20100096337A1 ULTRASONICALLY INDUCED CAVITATION OF FLUOROCHEMICALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：超声波诱导的荧光化学成分
公开(公告)号：US20100096337A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-22
申请号：US12529404
申请日：2008-03-04
申请人： Brian T. Mader , Chad D. Vecitis , Michael R. Hoffmann
发明人： Brian T. Mader , Chad D. Vecitis , Michael R. Hoffmann
IPC分类号： C02F1/36 , C02F101/14 , C02F103/06
CPC分类号： C02F1/36 , B09C1/002 , C02F2101/36 , C02F2103/06
摘要： A system for the treatment of groundwater is described, the system including: a first component for placement into a groundwater table, the first component having a first end and a second end and an interior space defined by an inner wall and extending between the first end and the second end; at least one ultrasonic transducer positioned with the interior space of the first component to provide ultrasonically induced cavitation to a volume of water within the interior space; a pump associated with the first end of the first component to draw water from the groundwater table into the interior space of the first component; an outlet associated with the second end of the first component, the outlet positioned to direct a volume of water away from the first component after the water has passed therethrough; a power supply; and a radio frequency generator capable of providing a radio frequency within the range from about 15 kHz to about 1100 kHz. A process for the treatment of fluorochemicals in an aqueous environment is also described, the process utilizing the foregoing system.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于处理地下水的系统，该系统包括：用于放置到地下水位的第一部件，第一部件具有第一端和第二端以及由内壁限定并在第一端和第二端; 至少一个与所述第一部件的内部空间定位的超声换能器，以向所述内部空间内的一定体积的水提供超声诱导的空化; 与第一部件的第一端相关联的泵，以将水从地下水位抽入第一部件的内部空间; 与所述第一部件的第二端相关联的出口，所述出口定位成在水已经通过之后将一定体积的水引导离开所述第一部件; 电源; 以及能够提供在约15kHz至约1100kHz范围内的射频的射频发生器。还描述了在水性环境中处理含氟化合物的方法，该方法利用上述系统。

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