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1. 发明授权

US06421409B1 Ultra-high resolution computed tomography imaging 失效
标题翻译：超高分辨率计算机断层成像
公开(公告)号：US06421409B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09496879
申请日：2000-02-02
申请人： Michael J. Paulus , Hamed Sari-Sarraf , Kenneth William Tobin, Jr. , Shaun S. Gleason , Clarence E. Thomas, Jr.
发明人： Michael J. Paulus , Hamed Sari-Sarraf , Kenneth William Tobin, Jr. , Shaun S. Gleason , Clarence E. Thomas, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B603
CPC分类号： G01T1/29 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method for ultra-high resolution computed tomography imaging, comprising the steps of: focusing a high energy particle beam, for example x-rays or gamma-rays, onto a target object; acquiring a 2-dimensional projection data set representative of the target object; generating a corrected projection data set by applying a deconvolution algorithm, having an experimentally determined a transfer function, to the 2-dimensional data set; storing the corrected projection data set; incrementally rotating the target object through an angle of approximately 180°, and after each the incremental rotation, repeating the radiating, acquiring, generating and storing steps; and, after the rotating step, applying a cone-beam algorithm, for example a modified tomographic reconstruction algorithm, to the corrected projection data sets to generate a 3-dimensional image. The size of the spot focus of the beam is reduced to not greater than approximately 1 micron, and even to not greater than approximately 0.5 microns.
摘要翻译：一种用于超高分辨率计算机断层摄影成像的方法，包括以下步骤：将高能粒子束（例如x射线或γ射线）聚焦到目标物体上; 获取代表目标对象的二维投影数据集; 通过将具有实验确定的传递函数的去卷积算法应用于所述二维数据集来生成校正投影数据集; 存储校正的投影数据集; 逐渐旋转目标物体大约180°的角度，并且在每次增量旋转之后，重复辐射，获取，产生和存储步骤; 并且在旋转步骤之后，将锥束算法（例如修改的断层摄影重建算法）应用于校正的投影数据集以生成三维图像。光束的焦点尺寸减小到不大于约1微米，甚至不大于约0.5微米。

2. 发明授权

US06399951B1 Simultaneous CT and SPECT tomography using CZT detectors 失效
标题翻译：使用CZT检测器的同时CT和SPECT断层扫描
公开(公告)号：US06399951B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09496880
申请日：2000-02-02
申请人： Michael J. Paulus , Hamed Sari-Sarraf , Michael L. Simpson , Charles L. Britton, Jr.
发明人： Michael J. Paulus , Hamed Sari-Sarraf , Michael L. Simpson , Charles L. Britton, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01T1161
CPC分类号： A61B6/482 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/037 , A61B6/4035 , A61B6/4092 , A61B6/4241 , A61B6/4417 , A61B6/508 , A61B6/5235 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A method for simultaneous transmission x-ray computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) comprises the steps of: injecting a subject with a tracer compound tagged with a &ggr;-ray emitting nuclide; directing an x-ray source toward the subject; rotating the x-ray source around the subject; emitting x-rays during the rotating step; rotating a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector on an opposite side of the subject from the source; simultaneously detecting the position and energy of each pulsed x-ray and each emitted &ggr;-ray captured by the CZT detector; recording data for each position and each energy of each the captured x-ray and &ggr;-ray; and, creating CT and SPECT images from the recorded data. The transmitted energy levels of the x-rays lower are biased lower than energy levels of the &ggr;-rays. The x-ray source is operated in a continuous mode. The method can be implemented at ambient temperatures.
摘要翻译：用于同时透射x射线计算机断层摄影（CT）和单光子发射断层摄影（SPECT）的方法包括以下步骤：用标有伽马射线放射核素的示踪剂化合物注射受试者; 将x射线源引导到受试者; 围绕主体旋转x射线源; 在旋转步骤期间发射X射线; 在来自对象的另一侧旋转碲化锌碲化镉（CZT）双面检测器; 同时检测每个脉冲X射线的位置和能量以及由CZT检测器捕获的每个发射的γ射线; 记录每个位置的数据和每个捕获的X射线和γ射线的每个能量; 并从记录的数据创建CT和SPECT图像。 x射线的透射能级低于伽马射线的能级。 x射线源以连续模式运行。该方法可以在环境温度下实现。

3. 发明授权

US07209579B1 Anatomic and functional imaging of tagged molecules in animals 失效
标题翻译：动物中标记分子的解剖和功能成像
公开(公告)号：US07209579B1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-24
申请号：US10341715
申请日：2003-01-14
申请人： Andrew G. Weisenberger , Stanislaw Majewski , Michael J. Paulus , Shaun S. Gleason
发明人： Andrew G. Weisenberger , Stanislaw Majewski , Michael J. Paulus , Shaun S. Gleason
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B5/1077 , A61B5/1127 , A61B6/037 , A61B6/08 , A61B6/5235 , A61B6/5247 , A61B2503/40
摘要： A novel functional imaging system for use in the imaging of unrestrained and non-anesthetized small animals or other subjects and a method for acquiring such images and further registering them with anatomical X-ray images previously or subsequently acquired. The apparatus comprises a combination of an IR laser profilometry system and gamma, PET and/or SPECT, imaging system, all mounted on a rotating gantry, that permits simultaneous acquisition of positional and orientational information and functional images of an unrestrained subject that are registered, i.e. integrated, using image processing software to produce a functional image of the subject without the use of restraints or anesthesia. The functional image thus obtained can be registered with a previously or subsequently obtained X-ray CT image of the subject. The use of the system described herein permits functional imaging of a subject in an unrestrained/non-anesthetized condition thereby reducing the stress on the subject and eliminating any potential interference with the functional testing that such stress might induce.
摘要翻译：用于无限制和非麻醉的小动物或其他受试者的成像中的新型功能成像系统以及用于获取这些图像并进一步将它们与先前或随后获得的解剖X射线图像对准的方法。该装置包括IR激光轮廓测量系统和全部安装在旋转台架上的伽马，PET和/或SPECT成像系统的组合，其允许同时获取被登记的无限制对象的位置和定向信息和功能图像，即集成的，使用图像处理软件来产生受试者的功能图像而不使用约束或麻醉。这样获得的功能图像可以与先前或随后获得的受试者的X射线CT图像对齐。本文描述的系统的使用允许受试者在无限制/非麻醉状态下进行功能成像，从而减少受试者的压力并消除对这种应激可能诱发的功能测试的任何潜在干扰。

4. 发明授权

US06370223B1 Automatic detection of bone fragments in poultry using multi-energy x-rays 失效
标题翻译：使用多能量X射线自动检测家禽骨碎片
公开(公告)号：US06370223B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-09
申请号：US09827876
申请日：2001-04-06
申请人： Shaun S. Gleason , Michael J. Paulus , James A. Mullens
发明人： Shaun S. Gleason , Michael J. Paulus , James A. Mullens
IPC分类号： G01B1506
CPC分类号： G01B15/00
摘要： At least two linear arrays of x-ray detectors are placed below a conveyor belt in a poultry processing plant. Multiple-energy x-ray sources illuminate the poultry and are detected by the detectors. Laser profilometry is used to measure the poultry thickness as the x-ray data is acquired. The detector readout is processed in real time to detect the presence of small highly attenuating fragments in the poultry, i.e., bone, metal, and cartilage.
摘要翻译： X射线探测器的至少两个线性阵列放置在家禽加工厂的传送带下方。多能量X射线照射家禽，并由检测器检测。当采集X射线数据时，使用激光轮廓测量法来测量家禽的厚度。检测器读数被实时处理以检测家禽，即骨，金属和软骨中存在小的高度衰减的碎片。

5. 发明授权

US06905834B1 Bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit detection methods 失效
标题翻译：生物发光生物传感器集成电路检测方法
公开(公告)号：US06905834B1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-14
申请号：US09660581
申请日：2000-09-12
申请人： Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Gary S. Sayler , Bruce M. Applegate , Steven A. Ripp
发明人： Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Gary S. Sayler , Bruce M. Applegate , Steven A. Ripp
IPC分类号： G01N21/64 , A61B5/00 , G01N21/03 , G01N21/76 , G01N37/00 , G01N33/554
CPC分类号： C12Q1/02 , A61B5/0031 , C12Q1/66 , G01N21/763 , G01N33/74 , G01N33/84 , Y10S435/808 , Y10S435/849 , Y10S435/879 , Y10S435/909 , Y10S436/805
摘要： Disclosed are monolithic bioelectronic devices comprising a bioreporter and an OASIC. These bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit are useful in detecting substances such as pollutants, explosives, and heavy-metals residing in inhospitable areas such as groundwater, industrial process vessels, and battlefields. Also disclosed are methods and apparatus for detection of particular analytes, including ammonia and estrogen compounds.
摘要翻译：公开了包括生物加工器和OASIC的单片生物电子器件。这些生物发光生物反应器集成电路可用于检测诸如地下水，工业过程容器和战场等不适宜地区的污染物，爆炸物和重金属等物质。还公开了用于检测特定分析物的方法和装置，包括氨和雌激素化合物。

6. 发明授权

US06748045B2 Measurement of wood/plant cell or composite material attributes with computer assisted tomography 失效
标题翻译：用计算机辅助断层扫描测量木材/植物细胞或复合材料属性
公开(公告)号：US06748045B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-08
申请号：US10029098
申请日：2001-12-20
申请人： Darrell C. West , Michael J. Paulus , Gerald A. Tuskan , Rupert Wimmer
发明人： Darrell C. West , Michael J. Paulus , Gerald A. Tuskan , Rupert Wimmer
IPC分类号： G01N23083
CPC分类号： G01T1/29 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method for obtaining wood-cell attributes from cellulose containing samples includes the steps of radiating a cellulose containing sample with a beam of radiation. Radiation attenuation information is collected from radiation which passes through the sample. The source is rotated relative to the sample and the radiation and collecting steps repeated. A projected image of the sample is formed from the collected radiation attenuation information, the projected image including resolvable features of the cellulose containing sample. Cell wall thickness, cell diameter (length) and cell vacoule diameter can be determined. A system for obtaining physical measures from cellulose containing samples includes a radiation source, a radiation detector, and structure for rotating the source relative to said sample. The system forms an image of the sample from the radiation attenuation information, the image including resolvable features of the sample.
摘要翻译：从含纤维素样品获得木质细胞属性的方法包括以辐射束辐射含纤维素样品的步骤。从穿过样品的辐射中收集辐射衰减信息。源相对于样品旋转，并重复辐射和收集步骤。样本的投影图像由所收集的辐射衰减信息形成，投影图像包括含纤维素样品的可分辨特征。可以确定细胞壁厚度，细胞直径（长度）和细胞间隙直径。用于从含纤维素样品获得物理测量的系统包括辐射源，辐射检测器和用于相对于所述样品旋转源的结构。该系统根据辐射衰减信息形成样本的图像，该图像包括样品的可分辨特征。

7. 发明授权

US06917043B2 Individually addressable cathodes with integrated focusing stack or detectors 失效
标题翻译：具有集成聚焦堆叠或探测器的单独寻址阴极
公开(公告)号：US06917043B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US10260321
申请日：2002-09-30
申请人： Clarence E. Thomas , Larry R. Baylor , Edgar Voelkl , Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Douglas Lowndes , John Whealton , John C. Whitson , John B. Wilgen
发明人： Clarence E. Thomas , Larry R. Baylor , Edgar Voelkl , Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Douglas Lowndes , John Whealton , John C. Whitson , John B. Wilgen
IPC分类号： G01Q30/02 , G01Q70/06 , G03F7/20 , H01J1/304 , H01J3/02 , H01J37/073 , H01J37/28 , H01J37/305 , H01J37/317 , H01L21/027 , H01J37/302
CPC分类号： B82Y40/00 , B82Y10/00 , H01J3/021 , H01J37/073 , H01J37/3174 , H01J37/3175 , H01J37/3177 , H01J2237/0635 , H01J2237/31786
摘要： Systems and method are described for addressable field emission array (AFEA) chips. A plurality of individually addressable cathodes are integrated with an electrostatic focusing stack and/or a plurality of detectors on the addressable field emission array. The systems and methods provide advantages including the avoidance of space-charge blow-up.
摘要翻译：描述了可寻址场发射阵列（AFEA）芯片的系统和方法。多个可单独寻址的阴极与可寻址场致发射阵列上的静电聚焦堆叠和/或多个检测器集成。这些系统和方法提供了避免空间电荷爆炸的优点。

8. 发明授权

US6037817A Apparatus and method for digital delays without dead time 失效
标题翻译：数字延迟的设备和方法，无死区时间
公开(公告)号：US6037817A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US906626
申请日：1997-08-07
申请人： Michael J. Paulus , John T. Mihalczo
发明人： Michael J. Paulus , John T. Mihalczo
IPC分类号： H03K5/13 , H03H11/26
CPC分类号： H03K5/131
摘要： A digital pulse delay system comprises: a counter incremented responsive to a succession of input pulses and generating a plurality of successive gating signals; a plurality of gates, each having a first input for receiving said input pulses and a second input the receiving a different one of said gating signals; a plurality of pulse delay circuits providing uniform time delays, each receiving an output pulse from a different one of said gates; and, an output circuit combining said uniformly delayed pulses from all of said delay circuits into a single output signal representing a uniformly delayed version of said succession of input pulses. A method for digitally delaying a signal of spaced pulses comprises the steps of: digitally generating a control sequence responsive to said spaced pulses; successively and uniformly digitally delaying successive ones of said spaced pulses in parallel, responsive to said control sequence; and, digitally combining said uniformly delayed pulses into a single output signal representing a uniformly delayed version of said digital signal.
摘要翻译：数字脉冲延迟系统包括：响应于一系列输入脉冲而增加的计数器，并产生多个连续的门控信号; 多个门，每个具有用于接收所述输入脉冲的第一输入端和接收所述选通信号中的不同一个的第二输入端; 多个脉冲延迟电路，提供均匀的时间延迟，每个脉冲延迟电路从不同的所述门接收输出脉冲; 以及将来自所有所述延迟电路的所述均匀延迟的脉冲组合成表示所述连续输入脉冲的均匀延迟版本的单个输出信号的输出电路。用于数字延迟间隔脉冲的信号的方法包括以下步骤：响应于所述间隔的脉冲数字地产生控制序列; 响应于所述控制序列，并行地对连续的所述间隔脉冲进行数字延迟; 以及将所述均匀延迟的脉冲数字地组合成表示所述数字信号的均匀延迟版本的单个输出信号。

9. 发明授权

US06498349B1 Electrostatically focused addressable field emission array chips (AFEA's) for high-speed massively parallel maskless digital E-beam direct write lithography and scanning electron microscopy 失效
标题翻译：用于高速大容量并行无掩模数字电子束直写光刻和扫描电子显微镜的静电聚焦可寻址场发射阵列芯片（AFEA）
公开(公告)号：US06498349B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-24
申请号：US09368919
申请日：1999-08-05
申请人： Clarence E. Thomas , Larry R. Baylor , Edgar Voelkl , Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Douglas H. Lowndes , John H. Whealton , John C. Whitson , John B. Wilgen
发明人： Clarence E. Thomas , Larry R. Baylor , Edgar Voelkl , Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Douglas H. Lowndes , John H. Whealton , John C. Whitson , John B. Wilgen
IPC分类号： H01J37073
CPC分类号： B82Y40/00 , B82Y10/00 , H01J3/021 , H01J37/073 , H01J37/3174 , H01J37/3175 , H01J37/3177 , H01J2237/0635 , H01J2237/31786
摘要： Systems and methods are described for addressable field emission array (AFEA) chips. A method of operating an addressable field-emission array, includes: generating a plurality of electron beams from a pluralitly of emitters that compose the addressable field-emission array; and focusing at least one of the plurality of electron beams with an on-chip electrostatic focusing stack. The systems and methods provide advantages including the avoidance of space-charge blow-up.
摘要翻译：描述了可寻址场发射阵列（AFEA）芯片的系统和方法。一种操作可寻址场致发射阵列的方法包括：从构成可寻址场致发射阵列的多个发射器产生多个电子束; 并且用片上静电聚焦叠层聚焦多个电子束中的至少一个。这些系统和方法提供了避免空间电荷爆炸的优点。

10. 发明授权

US07371538B2 Microluminometer chip and method to measure bioluminescence 有权
标题翻译：微量发光计芯片和测量生物发光的方法
公开(公告)号：US07371538B2
公开(公告)日：2008-05-13
申请号：US11151964
申请日：2005-06-14
申请人： Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Gary S. Sayler , Bruce M. Applegate , Steven A. Ripp
发明人： Michael L. Simpson , Michael J. Paulus , Gary S. Sayler , Bruce M. Applegate , Steven A. Ripp
IPC分类号： G01N33/554
CPC分类号： C12Q1/02 , A61B5/0031 , C12Q1/66 , G01N21/763 , G01N33/74 , G01N33/84 , Y10S435/808 , Y10S435/849 , Y10S435/879 , Y10S435/909 , Y10S436/805
摘要： An integrated microluminometer includes an integrated circuit chip having at least one n-well/p-substrate junction photodetector for converting light received into a photocurrent, and a detector on the chip for processing the photocurrent. A distributed electrode configuration including a plurality of spaced apart electrodes disposed on an active region of the photodetector is preferably used to raise efficiency.
摘要翻译：一种集成的微量发光计包括具有至少一个n阱/ p-衬底结光电检测器的集成电路芯片，用于将接收的光接收到光电流中，以及用于处理光电流的芯片上的检测器。优选地，使用包括设置在光电检测器的有源区上的多个间隔开的电极的分布式电极配置来提高效率。

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