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1. 发明授权

US4367131A Photolytic production of hydrogen from water 失效
标题翻译：从水中光解生成氢气
公开(公告)号：US4367131A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-04
申请号：US279909
申请日：1981-07-02
申请人： Michael Gratzel , Pierre-Alain Brugger , Pierre Cuendet
发明人： Michael Gratzel , Pierre-Alain Brugger , Pierre Cuendet
IPC分类号： B01J19/12 , B01J23/42 , B01J31/06 , B01J35/00 , B01J35/02 , C01B3/04 , C01B1/03 , B01J31/02
CPC分类号： B01J35/004 , B01J23/42 , B01J31/068 , B01J35/0013 , C01B3/042 , Y02E60/364 , Y10S204/904
摘要： The photodissociation of water into hydrogen gas is mediated by a catalytic dispersion of fine metal particles. This dispersion is stabilized by polymers of alkylene glycols which are adsorptive to said particles and which act as protective agents in solution.
摘要翻译：水分解成氢气是由细金属颗粒的催化分散介导的。该分散体由吸附在所述颗粒上并用作溶液中的保护剂的亚烷基二醇的聚合物稳定。

2. 发明申请

US20100068621A1 NANOTUBE WIRING 有权
标题翻译： NANOTUBE接线
公开(公告)号：US20100068621A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：US12445128
申请日：2007-10-18
申请人： Ivan Exnar , Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin , Michael Gratzel , Ladislav Kavan
发明人： Ivan Exnar , Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin , Michael Gratzel , Ladislav Kavan
IPC分类号： H01M4/60 , H01M4/02
CPC分类号： H01M10/0525 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/0416 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/136 , H01M4/139 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/362 , H01M4/5825 , H01M4/60 , H01M4/625 , Y10S977/75
摘要： This invention concerns a novel method for surface derivatization of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. The derivatization is based on adsorption of a composite assembly consisting of amphiphilic redox active molecule attached to single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). Its role consists in the enhancement of electronic conductivity of electrode materials, such as phosphate olivines, without requesting any significant increase of the electrode volume and mass. The SWCNT is linked to the redox molecule via non-covalent or covalent interaction with the hydrophobic part of the molecule or electrostatic interaction. The hydrophilic part of the molecule serves as the anchoring site for surface modification of the electrode active material. The redox potential of the molecule is close to the redox potential of the electrode active material. The adsorbed assembly of redox-molecule & SWCNT thus improves the charge transfer from a current collector to the electrode active material.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于锂离子电池的电极材料的表面衍生化的新方法。衍生化基于由连接到单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）的两亲性氧化还原活性分子组成的复合组件的吸附。其作用在于提高诸如磷酸橄榄石之类的电极材料的电子传导性，而不需要电极体积和质量的显着增加。 SWCNT通过与分子的疏水部分或静电相互作用的非共价或共价相互作用与氧化还原分子连接。分子的亲水部分用作电极活性材料的表面改性的锚定位点。分子的氧化还原电位接近电极活性物质的氧化还原电位。因此，氧化还原分子和SWCNT的吸附组件改善了从集电器到电极活性材料的电荷转移。

3. 发明授权

US07271334B2 Photocatalytic film for the cleavage of water into hydrogen and oxygen 失效
标题翻译：用于将水分解成氢气和氧气的光催化膜
公开(公告)号：US07271334B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-18
申请号：US10343272
申请日：2001-07-29
申请人： Michael Gratzel , Ravindranathan Thampi
发明人： Michael Gratzel , Ravindranathan Thampi
IPC分类号： C25B9/00 , H01L31/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/52 , B01J35/002 , B01J35/004 , C25B1/003 , H01G9/2027 , H01M4/64 , H01M14/005 , Y02E10/542 , Y02E60/364 , Y02E60/368 , Y02P20/135
摘要： The Photocatalytic film of semiconducting iron oxide (Fe2O3), contains an n-dopant, or a mixture of n-dopants, or a p-dopant or a mixture of p-dopants. Electrode consists of a substrate, with one or more films or photocatalytic arrangements of film of semiconducting n-doped or p-doped iron oxide (Fe2O3) e.g. on the surface of one side of the substrate or on the surface of different sides. The photoelectrochemical cell comprises electrodes with a film or with films of the n-doped or p-doped semiconducting iron oxide (Fe2O3). The semiconducting iron oxide (Fe2O3) film can be manufactured with a spray pyrolysis process or a sol gel process. The system for the direct cleavage of water with visible light, into hydrogen and oxygen the system comprises one or more of the photoelectrochemical cells with photocatalytic films. The system can be a tandem cell system, comprising the photoelectrochemical cell with the doped iron oxide (Fe2O3) film.
摘要翻译：半导体氧化铁（Fe 2 O 3 O 3）的光催化膜包含n-掺杂剂或n-掺杂剂或p-掺杂剂或混合物的混合物的p掺杂物。电极由具有一种或多种半导体n掺杂或p掺杂氧化铁（Fe 2 O 3 O 3）膜的膜或光催化排列的衬底组成。在基板的一侧的表面上或不同侧的表面上。光电化学电池包括具有膜或具有n掺杂或p掺杂半导体氧化铁（Fe 2 O 3 O 3）的膜的电极。半导体氧化铁（Fe 2 O 3 O 3）膜可以用喷雾热解法或溶胶凝胶法制造。用可见光将水直接切割成氢气和氧气的系统包括一个或多个具有光催化膜的光电化学电池。该系统可以是串联电池系统，其包括具有掺杂的氧化铁（Fe 2 O 3 O 3）膜的光电化学电池。

4. 发明授权

US4847231A Mixed ruthenium catalyst 失效
标题翻译：混合钌催化剂
公开(公告)号：US4847231A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-11
申请号：US204172
申请日：1988-06-08
申请人： Michael Gratzel , John Kiwi , Krishnan R. Thampi
发明人： Michael Gratzel , John Kiwi , Krishnan R. Thampi
IPC分类号： B01J23/46 , B01J23/56 , C07C1/12
CPC分类号： B01J23/56 , B01J23/462 , C07C1/12 , C07C2521/06 , C07C2523/02 , C07C2523/06 , C07C2523/08 , C07C2523/10 , C07C2523/12 , C07C2523/14 , C07C2523/18 , C07C2523/20 , C07C2523/26 , C07C2523/46 , C07C2523/72 , C07C2523/755
摘要： A catalyst having a mixture of Ru and RuO.sub.x, wherein x is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 2, supported by a suitable metal oxide support material is suitable for the heterogeneous catalytic gas phase direct methane production from hydrogen and carbon dioxide at mild temperatures as low as 25.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure. Photo-methanation using such catalysts having photoexcitable support materials significantly increases the rate of methane production and the methane yield, yielding almost stoichiometrically quantitative amounts of methane according to the Sabatier reaction.
摘要翻译：具有Ru和RuOx混合物的催化剂，其中x大于0并且等于或小于2，由合适的金属氧化物载体材料负载，适用于由温和的氢气和二氧化碳产生的非均相催化气相直接甲烷生产温度低至25℃和大气压。使用具有可光敏支持材料的这种催化剂的光甲烷化显着提高了甲烷产生速率和甲烷产率，根据Sabatier反应产生几乎化学计量的甲烷量。

5. 发明申请

US20090176162A1 LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：锂可充电电化学细胞
公开(公告)号：US20090176162A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-09
申请号：US12296211
申请日：2007-04-06
申请人： Ivan Exnar , Qing Wang , Michael Gratzel , Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin , Ladislav Kavan
发明人： Ivan Exnar , Qing Wang , Michael Gratzel , Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin , Ladislav Kavan
IPC分类号： H01M6/16 , H01M4/60 , H01M4/62 , H01M4/52 , H01M4/50 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/48
CPC分类号： H01M10/0525 , H01B1/122 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/5825 , H01M10/0562 , H01M10/0565 , H01M10/0567 , H01M10/058 , H01M2300/0025
摘要： This invention concerns a lithium rechargeable electrochemical cell containing electrochemical redox active compounds in the electrolyte. The cell is composed of two compartments, where the cathodic compartment comprises a cathodic lithium insertion material and one or more of p-type redox active compound(s) in the electrolyte; the anodic compartment comprises an anodic lithium insertion material and one or more of n-type redox active compound(s) in the electrolyte. These two compartments are separated by a separator and the redox active compounds are confined only in each compartment. Such a rechargeable electrochemical cell is suitable for high energy density applications. The present invention also concerns the general use of redox active compounds and electrochemically addressable electrode systems containing similar components which are suitable for use in the electrochemical cell.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在电解质中含有电化学氧化还原活性化合物的锂可再充电电化学电池。电池由两个室组成，其中阴极室包含阴极锂插入材料和电解质中的一种或多种p型氧化还原活性化合物; 阳极室包含阳极锂插入材料和电解质中的一种或多种n型氧化还原活性化合物。这两个隔室由分离器分开，氧化还原活性化合物仅限于每个隔间。这种可充电电化学电池适用于高能量密度应用。本发明还涉及氧化还原活性化合物和包含适用于电化学电池的类似成分的电化学可寻址电极系统的一般用途。

6. 发明授权

US5393903A Mono, bis or tris(substituted 2,2'-bipyridine) iron, ruthenium, osmium or vanadium complexes and their methods of preparation 失效
标题翻译：单，双或三（取代的2,2'-联吡啶）铁，钌，锇或钒络合物及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5393903A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US949485
申请日：1992-10-19
申请人： Michael Gratzel , David Fraser , Shaik M. Zakeeruddin , Mohammed K. Nazeeruddin
发明人： Michael Gratzel , David Fraser , Shaik M. Zakeeruddin , Mohammed K. Nazeeruddin
IPC分类号： C07F9/00 , C07F15/00 , C07F15/02 , C12Q1/00 , G01N27/30 , H01L51/00 , H01L51/30 , C07F19/00 , C09K3/00
CPC分类号： C07F15/0026 , C07F15/0053 , C07F15/025 , C07F9/005 , C12Q1/004 , H01L51/0084 , H01L51/0086
摘要： Mono, bis and tris(substituted 2,2'-bipyridine) complexes of iron, ruthenium, osmium or vanadium are described wherein the bipyridine is substituted by a hydroxy or alkoxy group, or a primary, secondary or tertiary amine group.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / CH92 / 00033 Sec。 371日期：1992年10月19日 102（e）日期1992年10月19日PCT提交1992年2月19日PCT公布。第WO92 / 14741号公报描述了铁，钌，锇或钒的双，双和三（取代的2,2'-联吡啶）络合物，其中联吡啶被羟基或烷氧基取代，或者主要的，次要的或次要的叔胺基。

7. 发明授权

US5223634A Molecular water oxidation catalyst 失效
标题翻译：分子水氧化催化剂
公开(公告)号：US5223634A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-29
申请号：US256912
申请日：1988-10-12
申请人： Michael Gratzel , Shekhar Munavalli , Fu-Jann Pern , Arthur J. Frank
发明人： Michael Gratzel , Shekhar Munavalli , Fu-Jann Pern , Arthur J. Frank
IPC分类号： C07F15/00
CPC分类号： C07F15/0053
摘要： A dimeric composition of the formula: ##STR1## wherein L', L", L'", and L"" are each a bidentate ligand having at least one functional substituent, the ligand selected from bipyridine, phenanthroline, 2-phenylpyridine, bipyrimidine, and bipyrazyl and the functional substituent selected from carboxylic acid, ester, amide, halogenide, anhydride, acyl ketone, alkyl ketone, acid chloride, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and nitro and nitroso groups. An electrochemical oxidation process for the production of the above functionally substituted bidentate ligand diaqua oxo-bridged ruthenium dimers and their use as water oxidation catalysts is described.
摘要翻译：下式的二聚组合物：其中L'，L“，L”'和L“”分别是具有至少一个官能取代基的二齿配体，选自联吡啶，菲咯啉，2 苯基吡啶，联嘧啶和联吡嗪，以及选自羧酸，酯，酰胺，卤化物，酸酐，酰基酮，烷基酮，酰氯，磺酸，膦酸和硝基和亚硝基的官能取代基。描述了用于制备上述功能取代的二齿配位体二氧代桥联钌二聚体的电化学氧化方法及其作为水氧化催化剂的用途。

8. 发明授权

US06067184A Electrochromic or photoelectrochromic device 有权
标题翻译：电致变色或光电色装置
公开(公告)号：US06067184A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US142733
申请日：1998-10-13
申请人： Pierre Bonhote , Lorenz Walder , Michael Gratzel
发明人： Pierre Bonhote , Lorenz Walder , Michael Gratzel
IPC分类号： C09K9/02 , G02F1/15 , G02F1/155
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G02F1/15 , G02F1/155 , G02F2202/36
摘要： Electrochromic and photoelectrochromic devices using nanocrystalline semiconductor electrodes with a high specific surface area and surface-absorbed electrochromic molecules are disclosed.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / CH97 / 00104 Sec。 371日期：1998年10月13日 102（e）日期1998年10月13日PCT 1997年3月13日PCT公布。出版物WO97 / 35227 日期1997年9月25日公开了使用具有高比表面积的纳米晶体半导体电极和表面吸收的电致变色分子的电致变色和光电致变色器件。

9. 发明授权

US6024807A Process for manufacturing an electrode for an electrochemical device 失效
标题翻译：电化学装置用电极的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US6024807A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US43618
申请日：1998-03-24
申请人： Nicholas Pappas , Michael Gratzel
发明人： Nicholas Pappas , Michael Gratzel
IPC分类号： H01G9/20 , H01M4/92
CPC分类号： H01G9/2031 , Y02E10/542 , Y02P70/521
摘要： The present invention aims at improving the catalytic activity of the metallic platinum deposited on the substrate of the counterelectrode (i.e., the cathode), so as to obtain a high value of the catalytic activity on the reduction reaction of triiodide to iodide essentially independent of the nature of the solvent used in the electrolyte. To that effect, the manufacturing process according to the invention is characterized in that said metallic platinum is deposited in the form of a plurality of spheroidal microcrystallite clusters each having a size of less than about 100 nanometers, dispersed over the surface of said substrate, and in that said deposited metallic platinum is submitted to a thermal treatment, carried out at a temperature in the range of about 375.degree. to 400 C., so as to enhance the catalytic properties of the platinum on the oxido-reduction of iodine and triiodide 3I.sub.2 +2e.fwdarw.2I.sub.3 in the redox system iodine/iodide.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / IB95 / 00786 Sec。 371日期：1998年3月24日 102（e）1998年3月24日PCT PCT 1995年9月25日PCT公布。公开号WO97 / 12382 日本1997年4月3日本发明旨在提高沉积在对电极（即阴极）基板上的金属铂的催化活性，以获得三碘化物还原反应催化活性的高值碘化物基本上与电解质中使用的溶剂的性质无关。为此，根据本发明的制造方法的特征在于，所述金属铂以多个球状微晶簇的形式沉积，每个微球簇具有小于约100纳米的尺寸，分散在所述衬底的表面上，以及因为所述沉积的金属铂进行热处理，在约375℃至400℃的温度下进行，以提高铂对碘和三碘化物3I2的氧化还原的催化性能 + 2e-> 2I3在氧化还原体系碘/碘化物中。

10. 发明授权

US5482570A Photovoltaic cell 失效
标题翻译：光伏电池
公开(公告)号：US5482570A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-09
申请号：US204395
申请日：1994-06-22
申请人： Eric Saurer , Michael Gratzel , Tobias Meyer
发明人： Eric Saurer , Michael Gratzel , Tobias Meyer
IPC分类号： H01L31/04 , H01G9/20 , H01L31/0236 , H01L31/032 , H01L31/0352 , H01L31/062 , H01L51/00 , H01L51/30 , H01L51/42 , H01L31/06
CPC分类号： H01L31/062 , H01G9/2036 , H01L31/0236 , H01L31/032 , H01L31/03529 , H01L51/4226 , H01L51/4233 , H01L51/0035 , H01L51/0036 , H01L51/0038 , H01L51/0041 , H01L51/0051 , H01L51/0077 , H01L51/0078 , H01L51/0089 , H01L51/0094 , Y02E10/542 , Y02E10/549
摘要： The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell (1) comprising a substrate (2) having a support face (4) having a first electrode (6) thereon and a second electrode (10) spaced from the first electrode (6) by a plurality of layers (14, 16; 14, 24, 16) including at least one layer (14) of a semiconducting material with an active junction (J) interface thereat, said active junction (J) having a developed surface area greater than its projected surface area.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 01980 Sec。 371日期：1994年6月22日 102（e）日期1994年6月22日PCT提交1993年7月24日PCT公布。出版物WO94 / 03930 日期：1994年2月17日本发明涉及一种包括基板（2）的光伏电池（1），该基板具有在其上具有第一电极（6）的支撑面（4）和与第一电极（6）由多个层（14,16; 14，24,16）组成，所述多个层包括至少一层半导体材料层（14），所述半导体材料层与所述有源结（J）界面相接合，所述有源结（J）具有显影表面积大于其投影面积。

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