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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Systems and methods for unobtrusively testing optical fibers
    • 用于不引人注目的测试光纤的系统和方法
    • US08606117B1
    • 2013-12-10
    • US12783999
    • 2010-05-20
    • Michael D. TurnerLeif J. SandstromJohn Gordon BrooksKevin W. SchneiderDaniel M. Joffe
    • Michael D. TurnerLeif J. SandstromJohn Gordon BrooksKevin W. SchneiderDaniel M. Joffe
    • H04B10/04
    • G01M11/3118H04B10/071
    • A correlation optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) system embeds an OTDR signal in a digital data signal that is to be converted into an optical signal and transmitted across an optical fiber to a remote receiver. In particular, the digital data signal is amplitude modulated with the OTDR signal, which is based on a pseudo noise (PN) sequence, such as an M-sequence. The amplitude modulation is relatively small, for example, less than about 10% of the digital data signal's peak amplitude in an effort to limit the OTDR signal's effect on communication performance. A sequence recovery element receives reflections from the optical fiber and converts the reflections to digital samples. Each digital sample from the sequence recovery element is correlated by correlators that respectively correspond to delays and, hence, locations along the optical fiber, and accumulators accumulate the correlation values from the correlators. Based on the accumulated values, the correlation OTDR system unobtrusively identifies anomaly locations along the optical fiber while payload data is being communicated across the fiber.
    • 相关光时域反射计(OTDR)系统将OTDR信号嵌入到要转换为光信号并通过光纤传输到远程接收器的数字数据信号中。 特别地,数字数据信号用OTDR信号进行幅度调制,OTDR信号基于诸如M序列的伪噪声(PN)序列。 幅度调制相对较小,例如小于数字数据信号峰值幅度的10%,以努力限制OTDR信号对通信性能的影响。 序列恢复元件从光纤接收反射并将反射转换成数字样本。 来自序列恢复元件的每个数字样本由分别对应于延迟的相关器和因此沿着光纤的位置相关联,并且累加器累积来自相关器的相关值。 基于累积值,相关性OTDR系统在通过光纤传送有效载荷数据的同时,明确地识别沿着光纤的异常位置。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Amplifier circuits and methods for cancelling Miller capacitance
    • 用于消除米勒电容的放大器电路和方法
    • US08432226B1
    • 2013-04-30
    • US13179297
    • 2011-07-08
    • Daniel M. Joffe
    • Daniel M. Joffe
    • H03F1/14
    • H03F3/45085H03F1/14
    • An amplifier circuit has an input stage, a current mirror stage, and an output stage. The output stage has a transistor for which a non-linear and/or linear Miller capacitance exists across the transistor. A capacitive element, referred to herein as a “negative Miller capacitor,” is coupled between an input node of the current mirror stage and the transistor's collector or drain causing the current flowing through the negative Miller capacitor to be inverted, supplying the current taken by the usual Miller capacitance of the output stage. Thus, the negative Miller capacitor cancels the usual Miller capacitance across the transistor of the output stage, and such cancellation occurs without significantly increasing the amplifier's input power and costs. In some embodiments, both linear and non-linear components of the usual Miller capacitor are cancelled. Further, cancellation of the Miller capacitance generally enhances bandwidth and reduces distortion, thereby improving the performance of the operational amplifier.
    • 放大电路具有输入级,电流镜级和输出级。 输出级具有晶体管,晶体管在晶体管两端存在非线性和/或线性米勒电容。 电容元件(这里称为“负的米勒电容器”)耦合在电流镜级的输入节点和晶体管的集电极或漏极之间,导致流过负的米勒电容器的电流被反相,从而提供由 输出级通常的米勒电容。 因此,负的米勒电容器消除了输出级晶体管两端通常的米勒电容,并且这种消除不会显着增加放大器的输入功率和成本。 在一些实施例中,通常的米勒电容器的线性和非线性分量均被消除。 此外,取消米勒电容通常会增加带宽并减少失真,从而提高运算放大器的性能。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Quiescent current control for class AB output stages
    • AB类输出级的静态电流控制
    • US08400220B1
    • 2013-03-19
    • US13211068
    • 2011-08-16
    • Daniel M. JoffePaul C. Ferguson
    • Daniel M. JoffePaul C. Ferguson
    • H03F3/18
    • H03F3/45237H03F1/301H03F1/3211H03F3/3028H03F3/45659H03F2200/453H03F2200/456H03F2203/45674
    • Quiescent current control for Class AB output stages is provided that is responsive to a sum of current of the pull-up and pull-down transistors in the crossover region, and responsive to a minimum of the pull-up or pull-down transistors otherwise. Replicating transistors operate responsive to activation of the pull-up and pull-down transistors. Additional circuit elements provide a summed current output that corrects for quiescent current variation, while having good operation over PVT variations, and having minimal distortive effects. Use of scaled replicating transistors reduces the current in the quiescent current control circuit. Additionally, a current limiter or topology change may be used to reduce current spikes in replication of the output stage current. Adjustment of a reference current can also prevent turning off a non-active output element to reduce the need to stew the element back on.
    • 提供AB类输出级的静态电流控制,其响应于交叉区域中的上拉和下拉晶体管的电流之和,否则响应于最小的上拉或下拉晶体管。 复制晶体管响应于上拉和下拉晶体管的激活而工作。 附加电路元件提供校正静态电流变化的总和电流输出,同时对PVT变化具有良好的操作,并且具有最小的失真效应。 使用经缩放的复制晶体管降低了静态电流控制电路中的电流。 另外,可以使用电流限制器或拓扑变化来减少输出级电流的复制中的电流尖峰。 参考电流的调整还可以防止关闭非有效输出元件,以减少重新启动元件的需要。