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1. 发明授权

US06646599B1 Open loop array antenna beam steering architecture 失效
标题翻译：开环阵列天线波束转向架构
公开(公告)号：US06646599B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-11
申请号：US10097408
申请日：2002-03-15
申请人： Martin J. Apa , Joseph Cikalo , William L. High , Mitchell J. Sparrow
发明人： Martin J. Apa , Joseph Cikalo , William L. High , Mitchell J. Sparrow
IPC分类号： H01Q2106
CPC分类号： H01Q21/0025 , H01Q21/245
摘要： A solid state active aperture high power polarization agile transmitter, either single or dual polarization, employing nonreciprocal antenna elements, designed such that it can be used in an Electronic Warfare (EW) system that is more efficient and less expensive. Antenna beam steering is accomplished with variable phase shifters that are used to set the RF signal phase of each element. The beam steering function is implemented with a hardware architecture where the phase shifters are built-in ahead of the power amplifiers such that these low power phase shifters impart phase delays to low power signals without wasting RF signal power and hence improving efficiency. These power transmitter devices are also more reliable, lighter in weight and smaller in size.
摘要翻译：固态有源孔径高功率极化敏捷发射机，单或双极化，采用非互易天线元件，设计使其可用于更有效率和更低成本的电子战（EW）系统。天线波束转向由可变移相器实现，用于设置每个元件的RF信号相位。光束转向功能是以硬件架构实现的，其中移相器内置在功率放大器之前，使得这些低功率移相器将相位延迟赋予低功率信号，而不浪费RF信号功率并因此提高效率。这些发射机装置也更可靠，重量更轻，尺寸更小。

2. 发明授权

US06545630B1 Efficient beam steering for closed loop polarization agile transmitter 失效
标题翻译：用于闭环偏振敏捷变送器的高效光束转向
公开(公告)号：US06545630B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-08
申请号：US10052522
申请日：2002-01-23
申请人： Martin J. Apa , Joseph Cikalo , William L. High , Mitchell J. Sparrow
发明人： Martin J. Apa , Joseph Cikalo , William L. High , Mitchell J. Sparrow
IPC分类号： G01S738
CPC分类号： G01S7/282 , G01S7/024 , G01S7/38
摘要： A solid state active aperture high power polarization agile transmitter, either single or dual polarization, employing nonreciprocal antenna elements, designed such that it can be used in an Electronic Warfare system that is more efficient and less expensive. Antenna beam steering is accomplished with variable phase shifters that are used to set the RF signal phase of each element. The beam steering function is implemented with a hardware architecture where the phase shifters are built-in ahead of the power amplifiers such that these low power phase shifters impart phase delays to low power signals without wasting RF signal power and hence improving efficiency. These power transmitter devices are also more reliable, lighter in weight and smaller in size.
摘要翻译：固态有源孔径高功率极化敏捷发射机，单或双极化，采用非互易天线元件，设计使其可用于电子战系统，其效率更高，成本更低。天线波束转向由可变移相器实现，用于设置每个元件的RF信号相位。光束转向功能是以硬件架构实现的，其中移相器内置在功率放大器之前，使得这些低功率移相器将相位延迟赋予低功率信号，而不浪费RF信号功率并因此提高效率。这些发射机装置也更可靠，重量更轻，尺寸更小。

3. 发明授权

US06885333B2 Cross-eye technique implementation 失效
标题翻译：跨眼技术实施
公开(公告)号：US06885333B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-26
申请号：US10780141
申请日：2004-02-17
申请人： Mitchell J. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell J. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S7/02 , G01S7/282 , G01S7/38
CPC分类号： G01S7/38 , G01S7/024 , G01S7/282
摘要： An electronic warfare (EW) cross-eye system comprises two antennas separated a distance, d, a part, where d is much greater than the wavelength, λ, of a tracking signal emitted by a fire control radar (i.e., d>>λ). The EW cross-eye system further comprises a receive polarimeter for measuring the tracking signal and a second polarimeter for synthesizing the measured tracking signal to produce, for transmission, a jamming signal comprising a pair of inverted amplitude signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other.
摘要翻译：电子战（EW）交叉眼系统包括分开距离d的两个天线，d，一部分，其中d远远大于由火控雷达发射的跟踪信号的波长λ（即，d>>λ ）。 EW交叉眼系统还包括用于测量跟踪信号的接收偏振计和用于合成所测量的跟踪信号的第二偏振计，以产生包含与180度异相相反的一对反相幅度信号的干扰信号，彼此。

4. 发明授权

US06911937B1 Digital polarimetric system 失效
标题翻译：数字偏振系统
公开(公告)号：US06911937B1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-28
申请号：US09711168
申请日：2000-11-13
申请人： Mitchell J. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell J. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S7/02 , G01S7/292 , G01S13/00
CPC分类号： G01S7/024 , G01S7/2921
摘要： A digital polarimeteric system employs a signal time stretching technique and digital signal processing of the time-stretched signal to accurately measure the polarization of a received RF signal with commercially available digital hardware. A superheterodyne receiver down converts received RF signal components to IF, and analog-to-digital converters sample the signal components at much lower sampling rates than would normally be required to accurately measure the signal polarization. Each signal sample is “time stretched” by storing each sample in M locations in a memory, such that N samples occupy M×N memory locations. A digital signal processor applies incremental phase shifts to the digital samples until a phase-shifted combination of the digital samples yields a minimum null output. The phase shifts producing the minimum null identify the polarization of the received signal. The stretching and digital processing yield the required number of samples per cycle of the received signal for accurate polarization measurement, thus effectively increasing the digital sampling frequency. Because each sample is stored in M memory locations, each incremental phase shift corresponds to 1/Mth of the actual sampling interval, thereby providing the high phase resolution required to accurately measure polarization.
摘要翻译：数字式的旋光计系统采用信号时间拉伸技术和时间延长信号的数字信号处理，以商业上可获得的数字硬件精确测量接收的RF信号的极化。超外差接收机将接收到的RF信号分量转换成IF，模数转换器以比正常测量信号极化所需的采样速率要低得多的采样速率对信号分量进行采样。每个信号样本通过将每个样本存储在存储器中的M个位置中来“延时”，使得N个样本占据M×N个存储器位置。数字信号处理器对数字样本进行增量相移，直到数字样本的相移组合产生最小的空输出。产生最小值的相移识别接收信号的极化。拉伸和数字处理在接收信号的每个周期产生所需数量的采样，用于精确的偏振测量，从而有效地增加了数字采样频率。由于每个采样存储在M个存储单元中，所以每个增量相移对应于实际采样间隔的1 / M ，从而提供准确测量极化所需的高相位分辨率。

5. 发明授权

US06492937B1 High precision range measurement technique 失效
标题翻译：高精度测距技术
公开(公告)号：US06492937B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09985297
申请日：2001-11-02
申请人： Mitchell J. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell J. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S1308
CPC分类号： G01S13/86 , G01S7/38 , G01S13/76
摘要： Electronic Warfare (EW) systems aboard aircrafts are used to protect them from guided missile by denying threat radar systems the ability to track the aircrafts. In a typical operation, a threat radar system transmits RF signals aimed at the target aircraft. The surface of the target reflects a portion of the incident signal back towards the threat radar antenna where the reflected signal is detected, allowing the threat radar system to determine the target's range, angle and velocity. The present invention relates to EW systems that are dependent on measuring the RF phase of a signal transmitted by a target tracking threat radar. The use of the invented technique will make it possible to implement a robust Electronic Counter-Measures (ECM) technique, known as Cross-Eye, using two airborne platforms. The technique is very effective in preventing a threat radar from tracking a target aircraft and guiding a launched missile to the target aircraft.
摘要翻译：飞机上的电子战（EW）系统用于通过拒绝威胁雷达系统跟踪飞机的能力来保护飞机免受导弹的伤害。在典型的操作中，威胁雷达系统发射针对目标飞机的射频信号。目标的表面将入射信号的一部分反射回检测到反射信号的威胁雷达天线，允许威胁雷达系统确定目标的范围，角度和速度。本发明涉及依赖于测量由目标跟踪威胁雷达发射的信号的RF相位的EW系统。使用本发明的技术将使得可以使用两个机载平台来实现称为Cross-Eye的强大的电子对抗（ECM）技术。该技术在防止威胁雷达跟踪目标飞机并将发射的导弹引导到目标飞机方面非常有效。

6. 发明授权

US06768971B1 Instantaneous measurement of signal polarization 失效
标题翻译：瞬时测量信号极化
公开(公告)号：US06768971B1
公开(公告)日：2004-07-27
申请号：US09850371
申请日：2001-05-07
申请人： Mitchell Joseph Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell Joseph Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： H01Q2106
CPC分类号： G01S7/38 , G01S7/025
摘要： A polarization measurement system and method that determines the polarization of a received signal within one received pulse. The polarimeter accepts series of samples representing horizontal and vertical signal components representing the polarization of a received signal. The samples are discrete time measurements, with each sample representing a magnitude separated in time by a predetermined angular resolution. The samples are combined with other samples in numerous sets of calculations operating in parallel, the various sets of calculations employing different transfer functions, so as to produce numerous series of output values. Characteristics of these series are examined to select a particular series, and thus select the transfer function which provided the series having a desired characteristic such as a best null. The parameters of the transfer function which provides the desired characteristic provide information representative of the signal polarization.
摘要翻译：一种偏振测量系统和方法，其确定一个接收脉冲内的接收信号的极化。旋转计接受表示接收信号极化的水平和垂直信号分量的一系列采样。样本是离散时间测量，每个样本表示以时间分隔预定角度分辨率的幅度。样本与其他样本组合，并行运行的多组计算，各种计算集合采用不同的传递函数，从而产生许多系列的输出值。检查这些系列的特性以选择特定的系列，因此选择提供具有期望特性的系列的传递函数，例如最佳的零。提供期望特性的传递函数的参数提供表示信号极化的信息。

7. 发明申请

US20050001754A1 CROSS-EYE TECHNIQUE IMPLEMENTATION 失效
标题翻译：跨眼科技实施
公开(公告)号：US20050001754A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-06
申请号：US10780141
申请日：2004-02-17
申请人： Mitchell Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S7/02 , G01S7/282 , G01S7/38
CPC分类号： G01S7/38 , G01S7/024 , G01S7/282
摘要： An electronic warfare (EW) cross-eye system comprises two antennas separated a distance, d, a part, where d is much greater than the wavelength, λ, of a tracking signal emitted by a fire control radar (i.e., d >>λ). The EW cross-eye system further comprises a receive polarimeter for measuring the tracking signal and a second polarimeter for synthesizing the measured tracking signal to produce, for transmission, a jamming signal comprising a pair of inverted amplitude signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other.
摘要翻译：电子战（EW）交叉眼系统包括分开距离d的两个天线，d，一部分，其中d远远大于由火控雷达发射的跟踪信号的波长λ（即，d>>λ ）。 EW交叉眼系统还包括用于测量跟踪信号的接收偏振计和用于合成所测量的跟踪信号的第二偏振计，以产生包含与180度异相相反的一对反相幅度信号的干扰信号，彼此。

8. 发明授权

US07081846B1 ECM techniques to counter pulse compression radar 有权
标题翻译： ECM技术来对抗脉冲压缩雷达
公开(公告)号：US07081846B1
公开(公告)日：2006-07-25
申请号：US10877192
申请日：2004-06-25
申请人： Mitchell Joseph Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell Joseph Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S7/38
CPC分类号： G01S7/38
摘要： A system and method for generating a counter-measure signal in response to an incoming radar signal from a remote linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse compression radar system. One method comprises the steps of receiving an incoming radar signal having a time period T; storing at least a portion of the radar signal in a memory; extracting predetermined segments of the radar signal from the memory; replicating the predetermined segments to create a predetermined plurality of each of the predetermined segments; concatenating the plurality of predetermined segments into a further signal, like ones of the plurality of predetermined segments adjacent one another; and transmitting the further signal to the remote radar system.
摘要翻译：一种用于响应于来自远程线性调频（LFM）脉冲压缩雷达系统的输入雷达信号产生对抗信号的系统和方法。一种方法包括接收具有时间段T的入射雷达信号的步骤; 将所述雷达信号的至少一部分存储在存储器中; 从存储器提取雷达信号的预定段; 复制预定的段以创建预定的多个每个预定段; 将多个预定片段连接成另一个信号，如多个相邻的预定片段中的一个; 并将另外的信号发送到远程雷达系统。

9. 发明授权

US06806828B1 Passive range and angle measurement system and method 失效
标题翻译：被动量程和角度测量系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US06806828B1
公开(公告)日：2004-10-19
申请号：US10667734
申请日：2003-09-22
申请人： Mitchell Joseph Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell Joseph Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S502
CPC分类号： G01S11/04 , G01S3/14 , G01S5/12 , G01S7/021 , G01S11/10
摘要： A method determines range from a moving platform to an emitter. The method receives a RF signal from the emitter; counts a number of phase reversals of the received RF signal during a period of time; measures a Doppler frequency during the period of time; and determines the range to the emitter based on both the number of counted phase reversals and the measured Doppler frequency.
摘要翻译：一种方法确定从移动平台到发射器的范围。该方法从发射器接收RF信号; 在一段时间内对所接收的RF信号进行多个相位反转; 在一段时间内测量多普勒频率; 并且基于计数的相位反转的数量和所测量的多普勒频率来确定到发射器的范围。

10. 发明授权

US06608587B1 Digital polarimetric system for generating polarization agile signals 失效
标题翻译：用于产生极化敏捷信号的数字偏振系统
公开(公告)号：US06608587B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-19
申请号：US09910948
申请日：2001-07-24
申请人： Mitchell S. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
发明人： Mitchell S. Sparrow , Joseph Cikalo
IPC分类号： G01S1300
CPC分类号： G01S7/024 , G01S7/282 , G01S7/38
摘要： A digital polarimeter employs a signal time stretching technique to apply polarization phase shift characteristics to digitally generated polarization agile signal components. An RF signal to be transmitted is down-converted to an intermediate frequency and digitally sampled at a rate feasible with currently-available analog-to-digital converters. Horizontal and vertical signal components of the sampled IF signal are generated by processing the digital signal samples. Each digital signal sample is “time stretched” by storing each sample in M memory locations, such that N samples occupy M×N memory locations. Because each sample is stored in M memory locations, each incremental phase shift from one memory location to the next corresponds to 1/Mth of the actual sampling interval. The stretching process effectively increases the digital sampling frequency, yielding sufficient phase resolution. The time-stretched signal components are subsequently compressed, converted to analog signals and up-converted for transmission.
摘要翻译：数字偏振计使用信号时间拉伸技术将偏振相移特性应用于数字产生的偏振敏捷信号分量。要传输的RF信号被下变频到中频并以可用的当前可用的模数转换器的速率进行数字采样。采样的IF信号的水平和垂直信号分量通过处理数字信号采样而产生。每个数字信号样本通过将每个样本存储在M个存储器位置中来“延时”，使得N个样本占据M×N个存储器位置。由于每个采样存储在M个存储单元中，所以从一个存储器位置到下一个存储器位置的每个增量相移相当于实际采样间隔的1 / Mth。拉伸过程有效地增加了数字采样频率，产生了足够的相位分辨率。时间延长的信号分量随后被压缩，转换成模拟信号并被上变频传输。

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