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1. 发明申请

US20140360250A1 GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM FLOW CONFIGURATION WITH THERMALLY INSULATED SAMPLE CHAMBER 审中-公开
标题翻译：气体交换系统流量配置与热绝缘样品室
公开(公告)号：US20140360250A1
公开(公告)日：2014-12-11
申请号：US14247102
申请日：2014-04-07
申请人： Mark A. JOHNSON , Andrew S. Parr , Robert D. Eckles
发明人： Mark A. JOHNSON , Andrew S. Parr , Robert D. Eckles
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/0009 , B33Y70/00 , B33Y80/00 , G01N21/05 , G01N21/3504 , G01N33/004 , G01N33/0098 , G01N2021/8466
摘要： System flow path, designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the internal surface(s) of the chamber defining the measurement volume are metal plated. The system also typically includes a source of gas coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber, and a gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases exiting the chamber, whereby the metal plated internal surface(s) of the chamber reduces sorption of the one or more gases within the chamber. The low thermal conductivity of the chamber substrate material provides an energy efficient means of sample temperature control. The low density of the chamber substrate material reduces chamber weight for improved portability and ergonomics.”
摘要翻译：系统流动路径，使气体扩散源和汇的影响最小化的设计。通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。根据一个方面，一种气体交换分析系统包括：样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，所述样品室具有入口和出口，其中限定所述测量体积的所述室的内表面是金属镀。该系统还通常包括与样品室的入口耦合的气体源，以及与样品室的出口耦合的气体分析器，其被配置为测量离开室的一种或多种气体的浓度，由此内部金属镀室的表面减少了室内的一种或多种气体的吸附。室衬底材料的低热导率提供了一种能量效率的样品温度控制手段。腔室基材材料的低密度降低了室重量，从而改善了便携性和人体工程学。

2. 发明授权

US08692202B2 Gas exchange system flow configuration with thermally insulated sample chamber 有权
标题翻译：气体交换系统流量配置与隔热样品室
公开(公告)号：US08692202B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US13149709
申请日：2011-05-31
申请人： Mark A. Johnson , Andrew S. Parr , Robert D. Eckles
发明人： Mark A. Johnson , Andrew S. Parr , Robert D. Eckles
IPC分类号： G01J5/02
CPC分类号： G01N33/0009 , B33Y70/00 , B33Y80/00 , G01N21/05 , G01N21/3504 , G01N33/004 , G01N33/0098 , G01N2021/8466
摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. The gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the internal surface(s) of the chamber defining the measurement volume are metal plated. The system also typically includes a source of gas coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber, and a gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases exiting the chamber, whereby the metal plated internal surface(s) of the chamber reduces sorption of the one or more gases within the chamber.
摘要翻译：系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。气体交换分析系统包括具有入口和出口的样品室，其中限定测量体积的室的内表面是金属镀覆的。该系统还通常包括与样品室的入口耦合的气体源，以及与样品室的出口耦合的气体分析器，其被配置为测量离开室的一种或多种气体的浓度，由此内部金属镀室的表面减少了室内的一种或多种气体的吸附。

3. 发明申请

US20120074325A1 GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM FLOW CONFIGURATION WITH THERMALLY INSULATED SAMPLE CHAMBER 有权
标题翻译：气体交换系统流量配置与热绝缘样品室
公开(公告)号：US20120074325A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-29
申请号：US13149709
申请日：2011-05-31
申请人： Mark A. Johnson , Andrew S. Parr , Robert D. Eckles
发明人： Mark A. Johnson , Andrew S. Parr , Robert D. Eckles
IPC分类号： G01N21/35
CPC分类号： G01N33/0009 , B33Y70/00 , B33Y80/00 , G01N21/05 , G01N21/3504 , G01N33/004 , G01N33/0098 , G01N2021/8466
摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the internal surface(s) of the chamber defining the measurement volume are metal plated. The system also typically includes a source of gas coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber, and a gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases exiting the chamber, whereby the metal plated internal surface(s) of the chamber reduces sorption of the one or more gases within the chamber. The low thermal conductivity of the chamber substrate material provides an energy efficient means of sample temperature control. The low density of the chamber substrate material reduces chamber weight for improved portability and ergonomics.”
摘要翻译：系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。根据一个方面，一种气体交换分析系统包括：样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，所述样品室具有入口和出口，其中限定所述测量体积的所述室的内表面是金属镀。该系统还通常包括与样品室的入口耦合的气体源，以及与样品室的出口耦合的气体分析器，其被配置为测量离开室的一种或多种气体的浓度，由此内部金属镀室的表面减少了室内的一种或多种气体的吸附。室衬底材料的低热导率提供了一种能量效率的样品温度控制手段。腔室基材材料的低密度降低了室重量，从而改善了便携性和人体工程学。

4. 发明申请

US20120074324A1 GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM FLOW CONFIGURATION 有权
标题翻译：气体交换系统流量配置
公开(公告)号：US20120074324A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-29
申请号：US12889289
申请日：2010-09-23
申请人： Bernard Genty , Mark A. Johnson , Robert D. Eckles
发明人： Bernard Genty , Mark A. Johnson , Robert D. Eckles
IPC分类号： G01N21/35
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N21/05
摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a sensor head for use in a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, and a flow splitting mechanism located proximal to the sample chamber, the mechanism configured to split a gas flow received at an input port from a remote source to a first output port and to a second output port, wherein the first output port is coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber. The sensor head also typically includes a first gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases, and a second gas analyzer coupled with the second output port of the flow splitting mechanism and configured to measure a concentration of the one or more gases. Advantageously, gas diffusion sources and sinks are reduced due to the proximity of the flow splitting mechanism with the sample chamber and gas analyzers. This advantageously reduces measurement error associated with or attributable to gas diffusion sources and sinks. The proximity advantage derives from minimizing the joints, gaskets, fittings, tubing lengths, and materials all prone or susceptible to gas diffusion.
摘要翻译：系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。根据一个方面，用于气体交换分析系统的传感器头包括样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，样品室具有入口和出口以及位于样品附近的分流机构所述机构被配置为将在从远程源的输入端口处接收的气流分裂到第一输出端口和第二输出端口，其中所述第一输出端口与所述样品室的入口耦合。传感器头还通常包括与样品室的出口耦合并被配置为测量一种或多种气体的浓度的第一气体分析仪和与分流机构的第二输出端口耦合的第二气体分析器，并且被配置为测量一种或多种气体的浓度。有利的是，由于分流机构与样品室和气体分析器的接近，气体扩散源和水槽被减少。这有利地减少了与气体扩散源和吸收器相关联或归因于气体扩散源和吸收器的测量误差。接近的优点来自于使接头，垫圈，接头，管道长度以及易于气体扩散的材料最小化。

5. 发明授权

US08610072B2 Gas exchange system flow configuration 有权
标题翻译：气体交换系统流量配置
公开(公告)号：US08610072B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-17
申请号：US12889289
申请日：2010-09-23
申请人： Bernard Genty , Mark A. Johnson , Robert D. Eckles
发明人： Bernard Genty , Mark A. Johnson , Robert D. Eckles
IPC分类号： G01N21/35
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N21/05
摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a sensor head for use in a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, and a flow splitting mechanism located proximal to the sample chamber, the mechanism configured to split a gas flow received at an input port from a remote source to a first output port and to a second output port, wherein the first output port is coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber. The sensor head also typically includes a first gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases, and a second gas analyzer coupled with the second output port of the flow splitting mechanism and configured to measure a concentration of the one or more gases. Advantageously, gas diffusion sources and sinks are reduced due to the proximity of the flow splitting mechanism with the sample chamber and gas analyzers. This advantageously reduces measurement error associated with or attributable to gas diffusion sources and sinks. The proximity advantage derives from minimizing the joints, gaskets, fittings, tubing lengths, and materials all prone or susceptible to gas diffusion.
摘要翻译：系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。根据一个方面，用于气体交换分析系统的传感器头包括样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，样品室具有入口和出口以及位于样品附近的分流机构所述机构被配置为将在从远程源的输入端口处接收的气流分裂到第一输出端口和第二输出端口，其中所述第一输出端口与所述样品室的入口耦合。传感器头还通常包括与样品室的出口耦合并被配置为测量一种或多种气体的浓度的第一气体分析仪和与分流机构的第二输出端口耦合的第二气体分析器，并且被配置为测量一种或多种气体的浓度。有利的是，由于分流机构与样品室和气体分析器的接近，气体扩散源和水槽被减少。这有利地减少了与气体扩散源和吸收器相关联或归因于气体扩散源和吸收器的测量误差。接近的优点来自于使接头，垫圈，接头，管道长度以及易于气体扩散的材料最小化。

6. 发明申请

US20120073355A1 GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM FLOW CONFIGURATION 有权
标题翻译：气体交换系统流量配置
公开(公告)号：US20120073355A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-29
申请号：US13240613
申请日：2011-09-22
申请人： Mark Johnson , Robert D. Eckles , Dayle K. McDermitt
发明人： Mark Johnson , Robert D. Eckles , Dayle K. McDermitt
IPC分类号： G01N1/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/0031 , A01G7/00 , G01F1/05 , G01N21/3504 , G01N33/004 , G01N33/0098 , G01N2021/3513
摘要： Active compensation designs to offset the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks in a photosynthesis and transpiration measurement system are disclosed. A sensor head for use in a gas exchange analysis system includes an active, piezoelectric flow splitting device for splitting a flow between a sample chamber and bypass pathway. The active flow splitting device is controlled by feedback from a downstream flow meter. A continuous measurement system for rapidly and accurately surveying large numbers of samples is described.
摘要翻译：公开了用于抵消气体扩散源和水槽在光合作用和蒸腾测量系统中的影响的主动补偿设计。用于气体交换分析系统的传感器头包括用于分离样品室和旁路通路之间的流动的主动压电流分流装置。主动分流装置由来自下游流量计的反馈控制。描述了用于快速和准确地测量大量样品的连续测量系统。

7. 发明授权

US08018981B2 Multi-pass optical cell with actuator for actuating a reflective surface 有权
标题翻译：具有用于致动反射表面的致动器的多通光学单元
公开(公告)号：US08018981B2
公开(公告)日：2011-09-13
申请号：US11403089
申请日：2006-04-12
申请人： Robert D. Eckles , Tyler G. Anderson
发明人： Robert D. Eckles , Tyler G. Anderson
IPC分类号： H01S3/08
CPC分类号： G01N21/031 , G01J3/0297 , G01J3/42 , G01N21/15 , G01N33/0047 , G01N2021/151 , G01N2021/152 , G01N2021/3513 , G01N2021/399
摘要： A multi-pass optical cell with an actuator for actuating a reflective surface is provided. In one preferred embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and a support structure supporting the first and second reflective surfaces. The support structure positions the first and second reflective surfaces to create an optical cell. The apparatus also comprises a source and a detector, which are positioned such that light emitted from the source is reflected in the optical cell at least one time between the first and second reflective surfaces before reaching the detector. The apparatus further comprises an actuator coupled with and operative to actuate the first reflective surface. In some embodiments, the actuator rotates the first reflective surface. Also, in some embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is an open path multi-pass optical cell, while, in other embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is a closed path multi-pass optical cell.
摘要翻译：提供具有用于致动反射表面的致动器的多通光学单元。在一个优选实施例中，提供了包括第一反射表面，第二反射表面和支撑第一和第二反射表面的支撑结构的装置。支撑结构定位第一和第二反射表面以创建光学单元。该设备还包括源和检测器，其被定位成使得从光源发射的光在到达检测器之前在第一和第二反射表面之间至少一次在光学单元中反射。所述装置还包括与所述第一反射表面联动并且可操作地致动所述第一反射表面的致动器。在一些实施例中，致动器旋转第一反射表面。此外，在一些实施例中，多遍光学单元是开放式多通道光学单元，而在其他实施例中，多通道光学单元是封闭路径多通道光学单元。

8. 发明授权

US5534125A DNA sequencing 失效
标题翻译： DNA测序
公开(公告)号：US5534125A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-09
申请号：US288461
申请日：1994-08-10
申请人： Lyle R. Middendorf , Robert C. Bruce , Robert D. Eckles
发明人： Lyle R. Middendorf , Robert C. Bruce , Robert D. Eckles
IPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/01 , C12Q1/68 , G01N21/64 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/26
CPC分类号： C07D209/60 , C09B23/0066 , C12Q1/6869 , G01N21/6428 , G01N27/447 , G01N27/44721 , G01N27/44726 , G01N2021/6417
摘要： To sequence DNA, DNA samples marked with flourscent infrared dye are applied at a plurality of locations for electrophoresing in a plurality of channels through a gel electrophoresis slab. The channels are scanned with a laser and a sensor, that include a microscope focused on the gel slab. The focal point and slab are adjusted with respect to each other so that the focal point of the microscope remains on the gel slab during a scan. The data from the scan is directly used to amplitude modulate density readings on a display, and the scan is displayed in a horizontal sweep of a cathode ray tube, whereby said cathode ray tube provides intensity displays of bands representing DNA. Different sizes of glass gel sandwiches may be mounted to the same console for different sequencing tasks.
摘要翻译：为了对DNA进行序列分析，在多个位置上应用标有荧光红外染料的DNA样品，通过凝胶电泳板在多个通道中电泳。用激光和传感器扫描通道，其中包括聚焦在凝胶板上的显微镜。焦点和平板相对于彼此调节，使得显微镜的焦点在扫描期间保留在凝胶板上。来自扫描的数据直接用于幅度调制显示器上的浓度读数，并且扫描以阴极射线管的水平扫描显示，由此所述阴极射线管提供表示DNA的带的强度显示。不同尺寸的玻璃凝胶三明治可以安装在相同的控制台上用于不同的测序任务。

9. 发明申请

US20120057160A1 GAS ANALYZER 有权
标题翻译：气体分析仪
公开(公告)号：US20120057160A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-08
申请号：US12872207
申请日：2010-08-31
申请人： Georgiy G. Burba , Daniel J. Anderson , Michael D. Furtaw , Robert D. Eckles , Dayle K. McDermitt , Jonathan M. Welles
发明人： Georgiy G. Burba , Daniel J. Anderson , Michael D. Furtaw , Robert D. Eckles , Dayle K. McDermitt , Jonathan M. Welles
IPC分类号： G01N21/59
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01K13/02 , G01K2013/024 , G01N1/2247 , G01N21/05 , G01N2201/0245
摘要： Gas analyzer systems and methods for determining gas flux in a short intake tube configuration without using any Webb-Pearman-Leuning density correction. Gas analyzer systems and methods for measuring concentrations of gasses and in particular dry mole fraction of components of a gas. The systems and method allow for rapid measurement of the gas density and/or dry mole fraction of gases for a number of environmental monitoring applications, including high speed flux measurements. A novel coupling design allows for tool-free removal of a cell enclosing a flow path to enable in field cleaning of optical components.
摘要翻译：气体分析仪系统和方法，用于确定短进气管配置中的气体通量，而不使用任何Webb-Pearman-Leuning密度校正。气体分析仪系统和测量气体浓度的方法，特别是气体组分的干摩尔分数。这些系统和方法允许快速测量多种环境监测应用的气体密度和/或气体的干摩尔分数，包括高速通量测量。新的耦合设计允许无需移除封闭流动通道的电池，从而可以对光学部件进行现场清洁。

10. 发明授权

US5457320A Apparatus and method for simultaneous measurement of carbon dioxide and water 失效
标题翻译：用于同时测量二氧化碳和水的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5457320A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US279959
申请日：1994-07-25
申请人： Robert D. Eckles , Dayle K. McDermitt , Jonathan M. Welles
发明人： Robert D. Eckles , Dayle K. McDermitt , Jonathan M. Welles
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , G01N21/61 , G01N21/05
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504
摘要： To measure water vapor and carbon dioxide, a gas analyzer includes a light source, a reference flow cell, a sample flow cell, a detector and a source of gas. The light source, flow cells and detector are arranged so that the detector detects light transmitted from said light source through the flow cells. The flow cells have folded paths for the light. A reference signal is subtracted from a sample signal to obtain an independant variable. Carbon dioxide and air mixed with carbon dioxide are supplied as required. The carbon dioxide is supplied from a container through capillary tubes. Heat is applied to the tubes to control the flow rate. A signal representing gross concentration of the carbon dioxide as a dependant variable is obtained from said independent variable from an empirically determined polynomial.
摘要翻译：为了测量水蒸气和二氧化碳，气体分析仪包括光源，参考流动池，样品流动池，检测器和气体源。光源，流通池和检测器被布置成使得检测器检测从所述光源透过流动池的光。流动池具有用于光的折叠路径。从采样信号中减去参考信号以获得独立变量。根据需要提供二氧化碳和二氧化碳混合空气。二氧化碳从容器通过毛细管供应。对管进行加热以控制流速。根据经验确定的多项式从所述独立变量获得表示作为因变量的二氧化碳总浓度的信号。

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