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    • 6. 发明专利
    • LOW-POLARIZATION LOW-THRESHOLD ELECTRODE
    • CA1229884A
    • 1987-12-01
    • CA452996
    • 1984-04-27
    • MEDTRONIC INC
    • BORNZIN GENE A
    • A61N1/05A61N1/372A61N1/36
    • Disclosed is a cardiac pacing lead employing an electrode which has a novel geometry and which is provided with a coating of platinum black. The electrode is generally hemispherical and is provided with grooving. In its preferred embodiment, the electrode is provided with circular grooves and with tines which urge the electrode into contact with the endocardial wall, in a direction roughly perpendicular to the grooves. The electrode may be constructed of platinum or of a conductive base metal provided with an external surface of platinum and is preferably coated over its external surface with a coating of platinum black. The grooving of the electrode provides areas of small radius of curvature which contact the endocardial surface, resulting in localized increases in current density at the edges of the grooves. The hemispherical shape of the electrode maximizes the opportunity for contact between the groove edges and the endocardium. In its preferred embodiment, the electrode displays extremely low polarization following the application of a stimulation pulse and thereby displays significantly enhanced ability to sense the natural electrical activity of the heart.
    • 8. 发明专利
    • RATE ADAPTIVE DEMAND PACEMAKER
    • CA1192961A
    • 1985-09-03
    • CA416050
    • 1982-11-22
    • MEDTRONIC INC
    • BORNZIN GENE A
    • A61N1/365
    • An implantable pacer having an effective stimulation rate which varies in response to a measured physiological parameter. Changes in the parameter to be measured must be related to physiologically required changes in heart rate. The level of oxygen within intracardiac or pulmonary artery venous blood is the preferred parameter. This parameter is measured by an oxygen sensor located on a transvenously implanted lead. As with normal demand pacers, a sensing electrode, also located on the lead, provides the pacer with an indication of whether a pacing pulse must be generated. The measured physiological parameter determines the escape interval for demand pacing. As such, a given minimum rate is determined for a given level of molecular oxygen in the intracardiac or pulmonary artery venous blood. The technique is readily employed in both ventricular and atrialventricular sequential modes.