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    • 1. 发明申请
    • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC PACING THRESHOLD DETERMINATION
    • 方法和装置用于自动阈值测定
    • WO1996016696A1
    • 1996-06-06
    • PCT/US1995014731
    • 1995-11-13
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.CONDIE, Catherine, R.COMBS, William, J.STROEBEL, John, C.MARKOWITZ, H., TobyWAHLSTRAND, John, D.BAXTER, Daniel, J.GREENINGER, Daniel, R.KLECKNER, Karen, J.
    • A61N01/37
    • A61N1/36521A61N1/3712A61N1/3714
    • A method and apparatus for automatic determination of a pacemaker patient's pacing stimulation threshold. Circuitry is provided in a pacemaker for obtaining a signal reflecting cardiac impedance, which is known to reliably reflect certain aspects of cardiac function. Circuitry is also provided for monitoring the cardiac impedance waveform during a predetermined capture detect window following delivery of stimulating pulses. One or more values are derived which characterize the morphology of the impedance waveform during the capture detect window associated with each stimulation pulse delivered. These values are compared to predetermined control values in order to assess whether a stimulation pulse has achieved cardiac capture. The assessment of whether cardiac capture has been achieved is also based partly upon the conventional sensing of atrial and/or ventricular cardiac signals occurring during the capture detect window. In one embodiment of the invention, the control values against which impedance waveform characterization values are compared are obtained by delivering a series of stimulation pulses having sufficient energy to ensure that capture is achieved, and by monitoring the impedance waveform during delivery of these pulses.
    • 一种用于自动确定起搏器患者起搏刺激阈值的方法和装置。 在起搏器中提供电路以获得反映心脏阻抗的信号,这已知可靠地反映心脏功能的某些方面。 还提供电路用于在传送刺激脉冲之后的预定捕获检测窗口期间监测心脏阻抗波形。 导出一个或多个值,其表征在与递送的每个刺激脉冲相关联的捕获检测窗口期间阻抗波形的形态。 将这些值与预定的控制值进行比较,以便评估刺激脉冲是否已经实现心脏捕获。 是否已经实现心脏捕获的评估也部分地基于在捕获检测窗口期间发生的心房和/或心室心脏信号的常规感测。 在本发明的一个实施例中,通过递送具有足够能量的一系列刺激脉冲来确定阻抗波形表征值被比较的控制值,以确保实现捕获,并且通过在传送这些脉冲期间监视阻抗波形来获得。
    • 3. 发明申请
    • PREFERRED ADI/R: A PERMANENT PACING MODE TO ELIMINATE ENTRICULAR PACING WHILE MAINTAINING BACKUP SUPPORT
    • 优先选择ADI / R:在保留备份支持的情况下消除禁用的PACM模式
    • WO2004026397A1
    • 2004-04-01
    • PCT/US2003/029154
    • 2003-09-16
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.
    • CASAVANT, David, A.MULLEN, Thomas, J.BELK, PaulSTROEBEL, John, C.
    • A61N1/37
    • A61N1/368A61N1/3682A61N1/3688
    • A preferred atrial-based pacing method and apparatus is provided using an intelligent cardiac pacing system to having the ability to continue atrial-based pacing as long as relatively reliable AV conduction is present. In the event that such relatively reliable AV conduction is not present, mode switching to a DDD/R or a DDI/R pacing mode while continually biased to mode switch back to atrial-based pacing. The standard or relatively reliable AV conduction may be changed either automatically or manually. This increases pacing that utilizes natural AV conduction however possible so as to gain all the benefits of cardiac contractile properties resulting therefrom, while tolerating the occasional missed ventricular depolarization (i.e., non-conducted P-wave). In the event where relatively reliable AV conduction is not present, the pacing mode is switched to a DDD/R mode while detecting a return of the relatively reliable AV conduction (and resulting mode switch to preferred atrial based pacing).
    • 只要存在相对可靠的AV传导,使用智能心脏起搏系统提供优选的基于心房的起搏方法和装置,以具有继续心房起搏的能力。 在不存在这种相对可靠的AV传导的情况下,模式切换到DDD / R或DDI / R起搏模式,同时不断偏向模式切换回基于心房的起搏。 标准或相对可靠的AV传导可以自动或手动改变。 这增加了使用自然AV传导的起搏,尽可能地获得心脏收缩性质的所有益处,同时容忍偶尔的心室去极化(即,未传导的P波)。 在不存在相对可靠的AV导通的情况下,起搏模式被切换到DDD / R模式,同时检测到相对可靠的AV导通的返回(并且导致的模式切换到优选的心房起搏)。
    • 5. 发明申请
    • LV THRESHOLD MEASUREMENT AND CAPTURE MANAGEMENT
    • LV阈值测量和捕获管理
    • WO2007073514A1
    • 2007-06-28
    • PCT/US2006/060813
    • 2006-11-13
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.PAIRKH, Purvee, P.STROEBEL, John, C.SHELDON, Todd, J.KLECKNER, Karen, J.
    • PAIRKH, Purvee, P.STROEBEL, John, C.SHELDON, Todd, J.KLECKNER, Karen, J.
    • A61N1/362A61N1/37
    • A61N1/3627A61N1/3684A61N1/371
    • The invention provides methods and apparatus for determining in a non-tracking pacing mode (e.g., DDI/R, VVI/R) whether a ventricular pacing stimulus is capturing a paced ventricle, including some or all of the following aspects. For example, increasing a ventricular pacing rate a nominal amount to an overdrive pacing rate higher than a most recent heart rate and evaluating a conduction interval from a first pacing ventricle to a second sensing ventricle and then continuing to monitor the underlying rate to ensure that a threshold testing pacing rate will not exceed a predetermined minimum interval and providing pacing stimulation to the first ventricle and sensing the second ventricle to determine whether the pacing stimulation to the first ventricle was one of sub-threshold and supra-threshold. The methods and apparatus are especially useful in conjunction with ensuring actual delivery of a ventricular pacing regime (e.g., cardiac resynchronization therapy or "CRT").
    • 本发明提供了用于在非跟踪起搏模式(例如,DDI / R,VVI / R)中确定心室起搏刺激是否捕获节奏心室的方法和装置,包括以下方面的一些或全部。 例如,将心室起搏速率增加到高于最近心率的超速起搏速率的标称值,并评估从第一起搏心室到第二感测心室的传导间隔,然后继续监测潜在速率,以确保 阈值测试起搏速率不会超过预定的最小间隔,并且向第一脑室提供起搏刺激并且感测第二脑室以确定对第一脑室的起搏刺激是否是亚阈值和超阈值之一。 所述方法和装置与确保心室起搏方案(例如,心脏再同步治疗或“CRT”)的实际递送相结合特别有用。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VARIABLE RATE CARDIAC STIMULATION
    • 用于可变速率心脏刺激的方法和装置
    • WO1996041655A1
    • 1996-12-27
    • PCT/US1996008628
    • 1996-06-04
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.STROEBEL, John, C.HESS, Michael, F.MARKOWITZ, H., Toby
    • A61N01/362
    • A61N1/3622A61N1/368
    • A method and apparatus for variable rate cardiac stimulation is disclosed, wherein sudden drops in the rate of delivery of stimulation pulses are avoided by means of rate smoothing and peak rate support functions. In one embodiment, circuitry in a cardiac pulse generator detects atrial events and maintains an updated value of the A-A time intervals between certain atrial events. If the preset ratio or total of these A-A intervals are found to have been shorter than the updated value by at least a predetermined amount of time, a rate smoothing function is activated wherein the rate of delivery of stimulating pulses is prevented from changing, from cycle to cycle, by more than a predetermined maximum amount. A peak rate support function preferably employs the same updated value in the computation of "escape" intervals. Following the latest A-A interval, if that A-A interval is less than the updated value, then the updated value is used as the new escape interval. If the latest A-A interval is greater than or equal to the updated value but less than the previous updated value, the current escape interval is used as the new escape interval. If the latest A-A interval is less than both the previous updated volume and the current updated value, the [current] value updated is used as the new escape interval, and the pulse generator enters a decay mode wherein the escape interval is gradually and incrementally lengthened to prevent sudden changes in the rate of delivery of stimulation pulses.
    • 公开了用于可变速率心脏刺激的方法和装置,其中通过速率平滑和峰值速率支持功能来避免刺激脉冲的传送速率的突然下降。 在一个实施例中,心脏脉冲发生器中的电路检测心房事件并维持某些心房事件之间的A-A时间间隔的更新值。 如果这些AA间隔的预设比例或总和被发现已经比更新值短至少预定的时间量,则激活速率平滑功能,其中防止刺激脉冲的传送速率从周期变化 循环超过预定的最大量。 峰值速率支持功能优选地在“逃逸”间隔的计算中采用相同的更新值。 按照最新的A-A间隔,如果A-A间隔小于更新的值,则更新的值将用作新的转义间隔。 如果最新的A-A间隔大于或等于更新值但小于先前更新的值,则将使用当前转义间隔作为新的转义间隔。 如果最新的AA间隔小于先前更新的音量和当前更新的值,则将[current]值更新作为新的转义间隔,并且脉冲发生器进入衰减模式,其中逃逸间隔逐渐且逐渐延长 以防止刺激脉冲传递速率的突然变化。
    • 8. 发明申请
    • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING PACEMAKER DURING AUTOMATIC CAPTURE DETECTION
    • 在自动检测过程中控制贴片机的方法和装置
    • WO1995034343A1
    • 1995-12-21
    • PCT/US1995006362
    • 1995-05-19
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.STROEBEL, John, C.MARKOWITZ, H., Toby
    • A61N01/37
    • A61N1/36514A61N1/3712
    • A cardiac pacemaker improves battery longevity by automatically providing optimized threshold amplitude and pulse width values. During capture verification and threshold searching, the pacemaker delivers a pacing pulse and a rapid, maximum amplitude backup pulse in case the pacing pulse fails to capture a patient's heart. Unlike the prior art, the backup pulse is delivered before a predefined Vulnerable Period (during which time pacing might lead to re-entrant tachycardia or fibrillation.) This results in threshold searching which is quick, accurate and with smaller rate drops during loss of capture. In another aspect of the present invention, a diagnostic strength-duration curve is approximated by first setting the pulse width to a maximum value and determining the amplitude threshold (rheobase), and then by doubling the amplitude and determining the pulse width threshold (chronaxie).
    • 心脏起搏器通过自动提供优化的阈值幅度和脉冲宽度值来改善电池寿命。 在捕获验证和阈值搜索期间,起搏器可以在起搏脉冲无法捕获患者心脏的情况下提供起搏脉冲和快速,最大振幅的备用脉冲。 与现有技术不同,备用脉冲在预定义的易受伤时段之前(在该时间起搏可能导致进入性心动过速或原纤维化)期间被递送。这导致阈值搜索,其在捕获丢失期间是快速,准确的并且具有较小的速率下降 。 在本发明的另一方面,通过首先将脉冲宽度设置为最大值并确定振幅阈值(rheobase),然后通过将幅度加倍并确定脉冲宽度阈值(chronaxie)近似诊断强度 - 持续时间曲线, 。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • SOFTWARE CONFIGURABLE MEDICAL DEVICE PLATFORM
    • 软件可配置医疗设备平台
    • WO2006044406A1
    • 2006-04-27
    • PCT/US2005/036562
    • 2005-10-13
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.DENO, D. CurtisWILKINSON, Jeffrey, D.STROEBEL, John, C.
    • DENO, D. CurtisWILKINSON, Jeffrey, D.STROEBEL, John, C.
    • A61N1/365
    • A61N1/3625A61N1/365A61N1/3956
    • A new design platform for implantable and external medical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, neurostimulators, heart monitors, etc. is provided. A real-time, highly flexible system of software and hardware modules enables both phototypes and products to respond to patient and customer needs with greater design and manufacturing efficiency. Certain embodiments integrate a general-purpose processor with interface circuitry to provide a standard platform for implement. The invention relates to medical devices such as pacemakers, pulse generators, cardioverter-defibrillators and the like and more particularly relates to modular and reconfigurable medical system platforms and methods of designing, testing, controlling and implementing diverse therapies, diagnostics, physiologic sensors and related instrumentation using said medical system platforms. Methods, systems and devices provide a new design platform for implantable and external medical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, neurostimulators, heart monitors, etc. A real-time, highly flexible system of software and hardware modules enables both prototypes and products to respond.
    • 提供了一种用于植入式和外部医疗设备(如起搏器,除颤器,神经刺激器,心脏监护仪等)的新设计平台。 实时,高度灵活的软件和硬件模块系统使照片和产品能够以更高的设计和制造效率满足患者和客户的需求。 某些实施例将通用处理器与接口电路集成以提供用于实现的标准平台。 本发明涉及诸如起搏器,脉冲发生器,心律转复除颤器等的医疗装置,更具体地涉及模块化和可重构医疗系统平台以及设计,测试,控制和实施多种疗法,诊断,生理传感器和相关仪器的方法 使用医疗系统平台。 方法,系统和设备为植入式和外部医疗设备(如起搏器,除颤器,神经刺激器,心脏监测器等)提供了一个新的设计平台。实时,高度灵活的软件和硬件模块系统使原型和产品都能够响应。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • FULLY INHIBITED DUAL CHAMBER PACING MODE
    • 完全禁止双室模式
    • WO2005097259A1
    • 2005-10-20
    • PCT/US2005/009776
    • 2005-03-23
    • MEDTRONIC, INC.STROEBEL, John, C.
    • STROEBEL, John, C.
    • A61N1/368
    • A61N1/368A61N1/3688
    • A pacing mode is provided, in one embodiment, that permits missed or skipped ventricular beats. The mode monitors a full cardiac cycle (A-A interval) for the presence of intrinsic ventricular activity. If ventricular activity is present, a flag is set that is valid for the next cardiac cycle. At the beginning of the next cardiac cycle, the device determines if the flag is present. So long as the flag is present, the device will not deliver a ventricular pacing pulse in that cycle, even if there is no intrinsic ventricular activity. If there is no flag present at the start of a given cardiac cycle, a ventricular pacing pulse is delivered and this ventricular activity sets a flag for the subsequent cardiac cycle.
    • 在一个实施例中,提供允许错过或跳过的心室搏动的起搏模式。 该模式监测整个心脏周期(A-A间隔)是否存在内部心室活动。 如果存在心室活动,则设置对下一个心动周期有效的标志。 在下一个心动周期的开始,该装置确定该标志是否存在。 只要标志存在,即使没有内在的心室活动,该装置也不会在该周期内递送心室起搏脉冲。 如果在给定的心脏周期的开始处没有标志,则输送心室起搏脉冲,并且该心室活动为随后的心动周期设置标志。