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1. 发明授权

US06661737B2 Acoustic logging tool having programmable source waveforms 有权
标题翻译：具有可编程源波形的声学测井工具
公开(公告)号：US06661737B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US10038733
申请日：2002-01-02
申请人： Laurence Wisniewski , Georgios L. Varsamis , Batakrishna Mandal
发明人： Laurence Wisniewski , Georgios L. Varsamis , Batakrishna Mandal
IPC分类号： G01V140
CPC分类号： G01V1/52 , G01V1/44 , H04R3/04
摘要： An acoustic tool that provides a programmable source waveform is disclosed. Numerous advantages may be achieved from the configurability of the source waveform. Notably, acoustic logs at multiple frequencies may be acquired with a single pass. The waveform may be frequency-adapted to maximize formation response and amplitude adapted for gain control. In one embodiment, the acoustic tool comprises: a controller, a digital-to-analog controller (DAC), an acoustic transducer, and a linear driver. The DAC converts a digital waveform from the controller into an analog waveform. The acoustic transducer converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal. The linear driver receives the analog waveform from the DAC and responsively provides the electrical signal to the acoustic transducer. The electrical signal is proportional to the analog waveform. The tool may further include a memory for storing the digital waveform and/or software for generating the digital waveform.
摘要翻译：公开了一种提供可编程源波形的声学工具。可以从源波形的可配置性获得许多优点。值得注意的是，可以通过单次通过获得多个频率的声学记录。波形可以是频率适应的，以最大化形成响应和适于增益控制的幅度。在一个实施例中，声学工具包括：控制器，数模转换器（DAC），声换能器和线性驱动器。 DAC将数字波形从控制器转换为模拟波形。声换能器将电信号转换成声信号。线性驱动器从DAC接收模拟波形，并响应于将电信号提供给声学换能器。电信号与模拟波形成正比。该工具还可以包括用于存储用于产生数字波形的数字波形和/或软件的存储器。

2. 发明授权

US07392135B2 Adaptive equalization of downhole acoustic receivers 有权
标题翻译：井下声学接收机的自适应均衡
公开(公告)号：US07392135B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-24
申请号：US11323674
申请日：2005-12-30
申请人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Joakim Oscar Blanch , Arthur C. H. Cheng , Calvin Wisner Kessler , Denis Schmitt , Batakrishna Mandal
发明人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Joakim Oscar Blanch , Arthur C. H. Cheng , Calvin Wisner Kessler , Denis Schmitt , Batakrishna Mandal
IPC分类号： G01R29/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/44
摘要： Methods and apparatus are provided for reducing and/or substantially eliminating sensitivity mismatch of acoustic receivers used with acoustic sources to determine acoustic properties of geologic formations as a logging tool traverses the formations. Methods are directed to detecting waveform arrival times at receivers, determining places in a well where arrival times of waves are substantially the same at a plurality of receivers, and estimating effective receiver sensitivities and equalization factors using Stoneley wave amplitudes and windowed deconvolution of Stoneley waves. Methods are further directed to correcting wave amplitudes using estimated effective receiver sensitivities and equalization factors for receivers.
摘要翻译：提供了用于减少和/或基本上消除与声源一起使用的声接收机的灵敏度失配的方法和装置，以便在测井工具穿过地层时确定地质构造的声学特性。方法涉及检测接收器处的波形到达时间，确定在多个接收机中波的到达时间基本相同的阱中的位置，以及使用斯通利波斯的斯通利波幅度和窗口去卷积来估计有效的接收机灵敏度和均衡因子。方法还涉及使用估计的有效接收机灵敏度和接收机的均衡因子校正波幅度。

3. 发明授权

US07535795B2 Seismic data acquisition system and method for downhole use 有权
标题翻译：地震数据采集系统及井下使用方法
公开(公告)号：US07535795B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-19
申请号：US12128492
申请日：2008-05-28
申请人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Laurence T. Wisniewski , Abbas Arian
发明人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Laurence T. Wisniewski , Abbas Arian
IPC分类号： G01V3/34
CPC分类号： G01V11/002
摘要： A method and system for conducting a seismic survey by lowering a string of intelligent clampable sensor pods with 3-C sensors into a borehole. The string of pods is serially interconnected by a cable having a conductor pair which provides both power and data connectivity. The uppermost sensor pod is connected to a downhole telemetry and control module. The cables and pods use connectors to allow assembly, customization, repair, and disassembly on site. Each pod has an upper and a lower connector, a processor, and memory which is coupled to both the upper and the lower connectors. Each pod is capable of simultaneous and independent serial communications at each connector with the memory. The telemetry and control module is designed to query the pods to determine the system configuration. The telemetry and control module then simultaneously triggers all pods to acquire data, the pods storing the collected data locally in the memory. After data collection, the controller simultaneously signals the pods to immediately transfer data serially from the local memory to the next higher adjacent pod and receive data, if any, from the lower adjacent pod, if any, storing the received data in memory. The first data transferred from each pod is that data collected by its local sensors. Subsequent data originates from lower pods and is simply passed up the string of pods to the telemetry and control module. In other words, the pods communicate in a bucket brigade fashion.
摘要翻译：通过将具有3-C传感器的智能可夹式传感器盒串降到钻孔中进行地震勘测的方法和系统。荚串通过具有导体对的电缆串联连接，该导线对提供电力和数据连接性。最上面的传感器盒连接到井下遥测和控制模块。电缆和荚使用连接器，以便现场组装，定制，修理和拆卸。每个吊舱具有连接到上连接器和下连接器的上下连接器，处理器和存储器。每个插槽都能够在与存储器的每个连接器上同时独立的串行通信。遥测和控制模块设计用于查询吊舱以确定系统配置。然后，遥测和控制模块同时触发所有荚获取数据，荚将存储收集的数据本地存储在存储器中。在收集数据之后，控制器同时发信号通知信箱，以便立即将数据从本地存储器传输到下一个较高的相邻吊舱，并接收来自较低的相邻吊舱的数据（如果有的话），将数据存储在存储器中。从每个pod传输的第一个数据是由其本地传感器收集的数据。随后的数据来源于较低的pod，并且简单地将一串pods传递给遥测和控制模块。换句话说，荚是以斗旅方式进行沟通。

4. 发明授权

US07116182B2 Method and system for downhole clock having compensation 有权
标题翻译：井下时钟的补偿方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07116182B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US10453411
申请日：2003-06-03
申请人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Gary D. Althoff , Laurence T. Wisniewski , Denis P. Schmitt , Abbas Arian , James H. Dudley
发明人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Gary D. Althoff , Laurence T. Wisniewski , Denis P. Schmitt , Abbas Arian , James H. Dudley
IPC分类号： H03B5/32 , H03B5/04 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： E21B47/011 , H03L1/02
摘要： A downhole crystal-based clock that is substantially insensitive to the factors that cause frequency deviation. The clock may be maintained at a predetermined temperature using a temperature sensing device and a heating device, where the predetermined temperature corresponds to the temperature at which the crystal experiences only slight frequency deviation as a function of temperature. A microprocessor may monitor the clock and compensate for long-term aging effects of the crystal according to a predetermined algorithm. The predetermined algorithm may represent long-term aging effects of the crystal which were derived by comparing the crystal clock to a more accurate clock (e.g., an atomic clock) prior to placing the clock downhole. In this manner, the crystal-based clock may be substantially free from the factors that cause frequency, and therefore time variations.
摘要翻译：基于井下晶体的时钟，对引起频率偏差的因素基本不敏感。可以使用温度感测装置和加热装置将时钟保持在预定温度，其中预定温度对应于晶体仅作为温度的函数的轻微的频率偏差的温度。微处理器可以监视时钟并根据预定算法补偿晶体的长期老化效应。预定算法可以表示通过在将时钟放置在井下之前将晶体时钟与更准确的时钟（例如，原子钟）进行比较而导出的晶体的长期老化效应。以这种方式，基于晶体的时钟可以基本上没有引起频率的因素，并且因此也是时间变化的因素。

5. 发明授权

US06453240B1 Processing for sonic waveforms 有权
标题翻译：声波波形处理
公开(公告)号：US06453240B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09547304
申请日：2000-04-11
申请人： Joakim O. Blanch , Sven G. Holmquist , Jennifer A. Market , Georgios L. Varsamis
发明人： Joakim O. Blanch , Sven G. Holmquist , Jennifer A. Market , Georgios L. Varsamis
IPC分类号： G01R148
CPC分类号： G01V1/48
摘要： A method for creating a frequency domain semblance for use in conjunction with acoustic logging tools is disclosed. Such a frequency domain semblance may be obtained by transforming an acoustic signal received at multiple depths into the frequency domain, combining the received waveforms corresponding to the different depth, and expressing the result in a graph with slowness and frequency axes. This graph shows the frequency-slowness location for the acoustic signal, as well as for other related signals that may inadvertently be generated by the acoustic logging tool. This information may then be used to more clearly measure the slowness of the received acoustic signal. Another aspect of the invention is the treatment of two or more time domain semblances as probability density functions of the slowness for an acoustic signal. This enables the combination of time domain semblances from the same depth in the wellbore. Once combined, the time domain semblances more accurately depict the slowness of an acoustic wave through the formation at the selected depth. In addition, a related self-adaptation method to compress the waveform data downhole for storage or transmission is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于创建与声学测井工具结合使用的频域外观的方法。可以通过将在多个深度处接收到的声信号变换为频域，组合对应于不同深度的接收波形，并将该结果表示为具有慢度和频率轴的图形来获得这样的频域相似度。该图显示了声信号的频率 - 慢度位置，以及可能无意中由声学测井工具产生的其他相关信号。然后可以使用该信息来更清楚地测量接收的声信号的慢度。本发明的另一方面是将两个或更多个时域外观的处理作为声信号的慢度的概率密度函数。这使得能够在井眼中从相同深度组合时域外观。一旦组合，时域外观更准确地描绘了通过选定深度处的地层的声波的缓慢。另外，还公开了用于压缩在井下进行存储或传输的波形数据的相关自适应方法。

6. 发明授权

US06213250B1 Transducer for acoustic logging 有权
标题翻译：声学记录传感器
公开(公告)号：US06213250B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09161052
申请日：1998-09-25
申请人： Laurence T. Wisniewski , Abbas Arian , Georgios L. Varsamis
发明人： Laurence T. Wisniewski , Abbas Arian , Georgios L. Varsamis
IPC分类号： G01V140
CPC分类号： G10K11/004 , G01V1/52
摘要： An acoustic logging apparatus includes a tool body and a housing. A transducer operating in the bending mode is mounted in the housing. The transducer operates such that it is excited by or emits acoustic energy in only one of the two directions substantially perpendicular to the face of the transducer. The housing is mounted substantially removed from the axis of the body. An acoustic receiver includes an outer sleeve having a flange and a hat slidably mounted within the outer sleeve. The sliding of the hat compensates for variations in pressure and temperature. An acoustic transmitter includes a main housing and a hat slidably supported within the main housing. The sliding of the hat compensates for variations in pressure and temperature. Combinations of air gaps and o-rings in the transducer acoustically isolate a piezoelectric crystal from its housing and the housing from its enclosure. The acoustic receiver and acoustic transmitter are configured to be replaced in the field.
摘要翻译：声学测井装置包括工具主体和壳体。以弯曲模式工作的传感器安装在壳体中。换能器工作使得它仅在基本上垂直于换能器的表面的两个方向中的一个方向上激发或发射声能。壳体基本上从主体的轴线上移除。声学接收器包括具有凸缘的外套筒和可滑动地安装在外套筒内的帽子。帽子的滑动补偿压力和温度的变化。声发射器包括主壳体和可滑动地支撑在主壳体内的帽子。帽子的滑动补偿压力和温度的变化。传感器中气隙和O形环的组合将压电晶体与其外壳隔离，外壳与外壳隔离。声学接收器和声发射器被配置为在现场更换。

7. 发明申请

US20080224887A1 Seismic Data Acquisition System and Method for Downhole Use 有权
标题翻译：地震数据采集系统及井下使用方法
公开(公告)号：US20080224887A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-18
申请号：US12128492
申请日：2008-05-28
申请人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Laurence T. Wisniewski , Abbas Arian
发明人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Laurence T. Wisniewski , Abbas Arian
IPC分类号： G01V1/40 , G01V1/22
CPC分类号： G01V11/002
摘要： A method and system for conducting a seismic survey by lowering a string of intelligent clampable sensor pods with 3-C sensors into a borehole. The string of pods is serially interconnected by a cable having a conductor pair which provides both power and data connectivity. The uppermost sensor pod is connected to a downhole telemetry and control module. The cables and pods use connectors to allow assembly, customization, repair, and disassembly on site. Each pod has an upper and a lower connector, a processor, and memory which is coupled to both the upper and the lower connectors. Each pod is capable of simultaneous and independent serial communications at each connector with the memory. The telemetry and control module is designed to query the pods to determine the system configuration. The telemetry and control module then simultaneously triggers all pods to acquire data, the pods storing the collected data locally in the memory. After data collection, the controller simultaneously signals the pods to immediately transfer data serially from the local memory to the next higher adjacent pod and receive data, if any, from the lower adjacent pod, if any, storing the received data in memory. The first data transferred from each pod is that data collected by its local sensors. Subsequent data originates from lower pods and is simply passed up the string of pods to the telemetry and control module. In other words, the pods communicate in a bucket brigade fashion.
摘要翻译：通过将具有3-C传感器的智能可夹式传感器盒串降到钻孔中进行地震勘测的方法和系统。荚串通过具有导体对的电缆串联连接，该导线对提供电力和数据连接性。最上面的传感器盒连接到井下遥测和控制模块。电缆和荚使用连接器，以便现场组装，定制，修理和拆卸。每个吊舱具有连接到上连接器和下连接器的上下连接器，处理器和存储器。每个插槽都能够在与存储器的每个连接器上同时独立的串行通信。遥测和控制模块设计用于查询吊舱以确定系统配置。然后，遥测和控制模块同时触发所有荚获取数据，荚将存储收集的数据本地存储在存储器中。在收集数据之后，控制器同时发信号通知信箱，以便立即将数据从本地存储器传输到下一个较高的相邻吊舱，并接收来自较低的相邻吊舱的数据（如果有的话），将数据存储在存储器中。从每个pod传输的第一个数据是由其本地传感器收集的数据。随后的数据来源于较低的pod，并且简单地将一串pods传递给遥测和控制模块。换句话说，荚是以斗旅方式进行沟通。

8. 发明授权

US06766252B2 High resolution dispersion estimation in acoustic well logging 有权
标题翻译：声学测井中的高分辨率色散估计
公开(公告)号：US06766252B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-20
申请号：US10056747
申请日：2002-01-24
申请人： Joakim O. Blanch , Georgios L. Varsamis
发明人： Joakim O. Blanch , Georgios L. Varsamis
IPC分类号： G01V504
CPC分类号： G01V1/48
摘要： The specification discloses a signal processing technique applicable in acoustic logging devices. The method involves receiving a set of acoustic signals and converting those received signals to their frequency domain representation. Values of the frequency domain representations along constant frequencies are correlated to produce a correlation matrix. Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the correlation matrix are determined, and the eigenvectors corresponding to signals of interest are removed to create a subspace. Thereafter, a series of test vectors, which test vectors embody a series of estimated slowness values, are applied to the subspace vector. If the test vector maps to or may be represented by the subspace, then the estimated slowness embodied in the test vector maps to noise of the system and is not the correct value for the formation. If, however, the test vector does not map to the subspace, then the slowness embodied in the test vector approximates the actual formation slowness.
摘要翻译：本说明书公开了一种适用于声学测井装置的信号处理技术。该方法包括接收一组声信号并将这些接收到的信号转换成它们的频域表示。沿着恒定频率的频域表示的值被相关以产生相关矩阵。确定相关矩阵的特征向量和特征值，并且去除与感兴趣信号相对应的特征向量以创建子空间。此后，将一系列测试向量体现为一系列估计的慢度值，被应用于子空间向量。如果测试矢量映射到子空间或可能由子空间表示，则测试矢量中体现的估计慢度映射到系统的噪声，并不是正确的形成值。然而，如果测试矢量不映射到子空间，则测试矢量中体现的慢度近似于实际的地层慢度。

9. 发明授权

US5987385A Method and apparatus for creating an image of an earth borehole or a well casing 失效
标题翻译：用于产生地球钻孔或井套管的图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5987385A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US154910
申请日：1998-09-17
申请人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Abbas Arian , Laurence T. Wisniewski
发明人： Georgios L. Varsamis , Abbas Arian , Laurence T. Wisniewski
IPC分类号： E21B47/00 , E21B47/022 , E21B47/06 , E21B47/08 , E21B47/18 , G01V1/46 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： E21B47/02208 , E21B47/0002 , E21B47/06 , E21B47/082 , E21B47/18 , G01V1/46
摘要： An acoustic logging tool, useful for creating a circumferential image of an earth borehole or well casing, which includes one or many acoustic transceivers mounted in substantially the same plane, in a drill string sub. The mounting receptacles are located in blocks, flexibly mounted in fixed inserts within the interior of the drill string sub. Each of the transceivers is structured to provide temperature and pressure compensation. The echo signals received by the transceivers are digitized and processed to eliminate extraneous noise created by the ringing of the transducers, by the signals reflected from the material backing the transducer ultrasonic element, and by any other sources inherent to the drilling environment. Digitization and further processing also allows for signal enhancement, thus allowing detection of signals in the presence of substantial noise. Temperature and pressure determinations are used to correct the acoustic velocity of the waves passing through the drilling fluid, "on-the-fly", as the drilling process continues.
摘要翻译：声学测井工具，用于创建地球钻孔或井壳的圆周图像，其包括安装在钻柱中的一个或多个安装在基本上相同的平面中的声收发器。安装座位于块内，灵活地安装在钻柱子内部的固定插入件中。每个收发器的结构是提供温度和压力补偿。由收发器接收的回波信号被数字化和处理，以消除由换能器的振铃产生的外来噪声，反射从材料背面的传感器超声波元件的信号，以及钻井环境固有的任何其他来源。数字化和进一步处理还允许信号增强，从而允许在存在大量噪声的情况下检测信号。当钻井过程持续时，温度和压力测定用于校正通过钻井液的波浪的“声速”。

10. 发明授权

US5355675A Stabilized speed-control system for a hydrostatic transmission 失效
标题翻译：稳定的静液压传动速度控制系统
公开(公告)号：US5355675A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-18
申请号：US114486
申请日：1993-08-31
申请人： Joel M. Mayhugh , Georgios L. Varsamis
发明人： Joel M. Mayhugh , Georgios L. Varsamis
IPC分类号： B66D1/44 , E21B23/14 , F16H37/08 , F16H61/40 , F16H61/4035 , F16H61/46 , F16H61/47 , F16D31/00 , F16D31/02
CPC分类号： F16H61/47 , B66D1/44 , E21B23/14 , F16H61/40 , F16H61/4035 , F16H61/46 , F16H37/0826
摘要： A hydrostatic rotary power transmission system that provides a stable rotation rate at very slow rotation speeds is provided. The system operates in two speed control modes, one being a normal mode for use in the rotation rate range of 50 rpm to the maximum rated speed and a second or fine speed control mode for use in the rotation range of
摘要翻译：提供了一种以非常慢的转速提供稳定转速的静液力旋转动力传动系统。该系统以两种速度控制模式运行，一种是在50rpm至最大额定转速的转速范围内使用的正常模式，以及在<1.0至250rpm的旋转范围内使用的第二或精细速度控制模式。在正常控制模式下，转速是静液压泵的位移的函数。在精细速度控制模式中，电动机转速是通过电动机下游的比例流量阀的流量的函数。

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