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1. 发明授权

US4964131A Broadband optical fiber laser 失效
标题翻译：宽带光纤激光器
公开(公告)号：US4964131A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-16
申请号：US319241
申请日：1989-03-09
申请人： Karen Liu , Byoung Y. Kim , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Karen Liu , Byoung Y. Kim , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01C19/72 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/0941
CPC分类号： G01C19/721 , H01S3/06795 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/094003
摘要： An optical fiber laser includes a single-mode optical fiber doped with a lasing material such as Neodymium. The optical fiber is pumped with a pump optical signal having a pump wavelength selected to cause spontaneous emission of an optical signal at a second wavelength different from the pump wavelength. The optical fiber is formed into a laser cavity such as by including a suitable reflector at each of the two ends of a suitable length of the optical fiber so that the emitted optical signal oscillates therein. One of the reflectors has a reflectivity at the wavelength of the emitted light so that most (e.g., approximately 95%) of the emitted light is reflected back into the laser cavity and a smaller portion (e.g, approximately 5%) is transmitted through the mirror as a laser output signal. Alternatively, the optical fiber can be formed into a ring laser structure using an optical coupler that couples a substantial portion (e.g., approximately 95%) of the emitted light back into the ring for recirculation therein and provides a smaller portion of the emitted light (e.g., approximately 5%) as a laser output signal. The wavelength of the pump optical signal is selected to be outside the pump variable tuning range of the Neodymium-doped optical fiber (i.e., the range of pump wavelengths which stimulate emitted wavelengths having a average wavelengths with a generally one-to-one correspondence to the pump wavelength). Pumping with a pump signal outside the pump variable tuning ranges causes the emitted light to have a broad spectral envelope of longitudinal modes having emission wavelengths corresponding to substantially all the pump variable tuning range. Thus, by pumping the optical fiber with a single pump wavelength, a broadband laser output signal is generated.
摘要翻译：光纤激光器包括掺杂有诸如钕的激光材料的单模光纤。用选择了泵浦波长的泵浦光信号来泵浦光纤，以引起与泵浦波长不同的第二波长的光信号的自发发射。光纤被形成为激光腔，例如通过在光纤的适当长度的两端中的每一端包括合适的反射器，使得所发射的光信号在其中振荡。反射器中的一个在发射光的波长处具有反射率，使得大部分（例如，大约95％）的发射光被反射回到激光腔中，并且较小的部分（例如，大约5％）通过镜像为激光输出信号。或者，可以使用光耦合器将光纤形成为环形激光器结构，所述光耦合器将发射的光的大部分（例如，大约95％）重新连接到环中以在其中再循环，并且提供较小部分的发射光例如约5％）作为激光输出信号。泵浦光信号的波长被选择在掺杂钕光纤的泵可变调谐范围之外（即，泵浦波长的范围，其激发平均波长与一般一一对应的发射波长泵浦波长）。在泵可变调谐范围之外用泵浦信号泵送使得发射的光具有宽泛的光谱包络，其具有与基本上所有泵可变调谐范围对应的发射波长的纵向模式。因此，通过用单个泵浦波长泵浦光纤，产生宽带激光输出信号。

2. 发明授权

US5108183A Interferometer utilizing superfluorescent optical source 失效
标题翻译：干涉仪采用超荧光光源
公开(公告)号：US5108183A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-28
申请号：US565248
申请日：1990-08-09
申请人： John J. Fling , Byoung Y. Kim , Kenneth A. Fesler , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： John J. Fling , Byoung Y. Kim , Kenneth A. Fesler , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01C19/72 , G01P3/36 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/10
CPC分类号： G01C19/721 , G01P3/36
摘要： An improved broadband light source for a Sagnac interferometer includes a waveguide, such as a fluorescent optical fiber, that is pumped by a pump source with a sufficient intensity to generate temporally incoherent light. The fluorescent optical fiber has first and second ends, one end being an input end of the fiber. The broadband light is provided at an output of the fluorescent optical fiber and is input to the interferometer. In order to prevent laser oscillations between the light source and the interferometer, one end of the fluorescent optical fiber is formed so as to prevent reflections. The light output from the fluorescent fiber to the interferometer comprises only that light that initially propagates toward the output of the optical fiber. In one embodiment of the light source, the pump light from the pump source is coupled into the fluorescent optical fiber in a direction so that it travels away from the output of the fluorescent optical fiber towards the first end. In an alternative embodiment, the fluorescent optical fiber is a doubly clad optical fiber having a first acceptance region and a second acceptance region at the first end. The pump light is introduced into an aperture window between the two acceptance regions so that the pump light can be introduced into the first end at an angle without requiring a reflective surface at the first end.
摘要翻译：用于Sagnac干涉仪的改进的宽带光源包括诸如荧光光纤的波导，其由泵浦源以足够的强度泵浦以产生时间上不相干的光。荧光光纤具有第一和第二端，一端是光纤的输入端。宽带光被提供在荧光光纤的输出处，并被输入到干涉仪。为了防止光源和干涉仪之间的激光振荡，形成荧光光纤的一端以防止反射。从荧光纤维到干涉仪的光输出仅包括最初向光纤的输出传播的光。在光源的一个实施例中，来自泵浦源的泵浦光沿着使得其从荧光光纤的输出朝着第一端行进的方向耦合到荧光光纤中。在替代实施例中，荧光光纤是在第一端具有第一接收区和第二接收区的双包层光纤。泵浦光被引入两个接受区域之间的孔眼窗口中，使得泵浦光可以一角度被引入第一端，而不需要第一端的反射表面。

3. 发明授权

US5106193A Optical waveguide amplifier source gyroscope 失效
标题翻译：光波导放大器源光源
公开(公告)号：US5106193A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US565255
申请日：1990-08-09
申请人： Kenneth A. Fesler , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Kenneth A. Fesler , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01C19/64 , G01C19/72 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/036 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/10
CPC分类号： G01B9/0209 , G01B9/0201 , G01C19/64 , G01B2290/70
摘要： An improved broadband light source for a Sagnac interferometer includes a fluorescent optical medium that is pumped by light from a pump source with a sufficient intensity to cause the fluorescent optical medium to generate temporally incoherent light by superfluorescence. In the preferred embodiment, the superfluorescent optical medium comprises an optical fiber which is backward pumped. The signal output from the interferometer loop is amplified by the optical gain of the superfluorescent fiber which acts as a light source and as an amplifier. In order to avoid gain modulation in the superflorescent fiber, the modulation frequency is selected so that the modulation gain depth is substantially reduced.

4. 发明授权

US4770535A Distributed sensor array and method using a pulsed signal source 失效
标题翻译：分布式传感器阵列和使用脉冲信号源的方法
公开(公告)号：US4770535A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US877296
申请日：1986-06-23
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Moshe Tur , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Moshe Tur , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G01J9/02 , G01R15/24 , G08C23/04 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A distributed sensor system using pulsed optical signals optionally produced by a short coherence length source to provide a phase difference output signal representative of conditions affecting a selected sensor. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light pulses transmitted through the sensors are multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber compensating interferometer which coherently couples portions of adjacent multiplexed light signals to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. In other preferred embodiments, the system is configured to define a plurality of adjacent Mach-Zehnder interferometers which provide output signal pairs which coherently couple to yield a phase difference signal directly representing the environmental effects on a particular sensor. Functional equivalents of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer configurations comprise configurations including adjacent Michelson interferometers. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：使用脉冲光信号的分布式传感器系统，其可选地由短相干长度源产生，以提供表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差输出信号。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光脉冲被复用到梯子的返回臂上。复用的信号由光纤补偿干涉仪接收，该干涉仪相干地耦合相邻复用光信号的部分，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。在其它优选实施例中，该系统被配置为限定多个相邻的马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其提供相干耦合以产生直接表示对特定传感器的环境影响的相位差信号的输出信号对。 Mach-Zehnder干涉仪配置的功能等同物包括相邻的迈克尔逊干涉仪。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

5. 发明授权

US5355216A Optical fiber sensor having digital integrating detection system utilizing electronic phase lock loop 失效
标题翻译：具有利用电子锁相环的数字积分检测系统的光纤传感器
公开(公告)号：US5355216A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-11
申请号：US931111
申请日：1992-08-17
申请人： Byoung Y. Kim , Kenneth A. Fesler , James S. Bunn
发明人： Byoung Y. Kim , Kenneth A. Fesler , James S. Bunn
IPC分类号： G01C19/72 , G01C19/64
CPC分类号： G01C19/721
摘要： An interferometer used as a rotation sensor is constructed using a strand of optical fiber, a portion of which is formed into a sensing loop. A pair of light waves are caused to counterpropagate in the sensing loop and are combined to form an optical output signal that has an intensity that varies in accordance with the difference in the phases of the two counterpropagating light waves. A phase modulator is positioned on the optical fiber in the sensing loop at a location such that the two counterpropagating light waves are modulated approximately 180 degrees out of phase. The time-varying phase modulation causes a time-varying phase difference that is combined with a rotationally-induced Sagnac effect phase to provide a total phase difference that is detected by a photodetector. The photodetector provides an electrical output signal that is processed to determine the Sagnac phase difference. The rotation rate is then calculated from the Sagnac phase difference. The processing occurs in a feedback loop in which a reference signal is multiplied by the electrical output signal to provide a feedback signal. The reference signal is adjusted so that the feedback signal is maintained at a predetermined value. The magnitude of the adjustment of the reference signal is measured and the Sagnac phase difference is determined from the measured magnitude.
摘要翻译：用作旋转传感器的干涉仪使用一束光纤构成，其一部分形成感测环路。在感测回路中引起一对光波反向传播，并被组合以形成光输出信号，其具有根据两个反向传播光波的相位差而变化的强度。相位调制器位于感测回路中的光纤上，使得两个反向传播的光波相位调制为大约180度。时变相位调制引起与旋转诱导的Sagnac效应相组合的时变相位差，以提供由光电检测器检测的总相位差。光电检测器提供被处理以确定Sagnac相位差的电输出信号。然后从Sagnac相位差计算旋转速率。处理发生在反馈回路中，其中参考信号乘以电输出信号以提供反馈信号。调整参考信号，使得反馈信号保持在预定值。测量参考信号的调整幅度，并从测量的幅度确定Sagnac相位差。

6. 发明授权

US4697926A Coherent distributed sensor and method using short coherence length sources 失效
标题翻译：相干分布传感器和使用短相干长度源的方法
公开(公告)号：US4697926A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US699855
申请日：1985-02-08
申请人： Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Cassius C. Cutler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Robert C. Youngquist , Janet L. Brooks , Kenneth A. Fesler , Cassius C. Cutler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01D21/00 , G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G02B6/00 , H04B10/00 , H04B10/20 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G01D5/35383
摘要： A distributed sensor system including an optical source having a short coherence length for optionally continuously monitoring each sensor in the system. In one preferred embodiment, an array of fiber-optic sensors are organized in a ladder configuration, with the sensors positioned in spaced relation and defining the rungs of the ladder. Light transmitted through the sensors is multiplexed onto a return arm of the ladder, with sensor spacing being such that interference between light from different sensors is prevented. The multiplexed signals are received by an optical fiber receiver which couples the multiplexed light with an interfering optical reference signal to produce a phase difference signal representing conditions influencing selected sensors. Embodiments are disclosed for use of either pulsed or continuous wave light sources. In another preferred embodiment, the sensors comprise a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers connected in series configuration by a common optical fiber, which provides multiplexed output signals from the sensors to a plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers comprising receivers. The optical path length differences between the arms of each of the sensors are selected to prevent interference between the multiplexed sensor output signals from various sensors. The optical path lengths through the sensors and receivers are structured so that each receiver produces a phase difference signal relating to conditions affecting light transmission through a specific sensor. A phase and amplitude modulation technique is disclosed for providing heterodyned output signals from the distributed sensor system.
摘要翻译：一种分布式传感器系统，包括具有短相干长度的光源，用于可选地连续监测系统中的每个传感器。在一个优选实施例中，光纤传感器阵列以梯形结构组织，传感器以间隔关系定位并限定梯子的梯级。通过传感器传输的光被多路复用到梯子的返回臂上，传感器间隔使得防止来自不同传感器的光之间的干扰。复用的信号由光纤接收器接收，光纤接收器将复用的光与干涉光参考信号耦合，以产生表示影响所选传感器的条件的相位差信号。公开了使用脉冲或连续波光源的实施例。在另一个优选实施例中，传感器包括通过公共光纤串联配置的多个马赫 - 曾德干涉仪，其将来自传感器的多路复用输出信号提供给包括接收器的多个马赫 - 曾德干涉仪。选择每个传感器的臂之间的光程长度差以防止来自各种传感器的多路传感器输出信号之间的干扰。通过传感器和接收器的光路长度被构造成使得每个接收器产生与影响通过特定传感器的光透射的条件相关的相位差信号。公开了一种用于从分布式传感器系统提供外差输出信号的相位和幅度调制技术。

7. 发明授权

US5235404A Interferometric technique for measurement of nonreciprocal optical effects in a sample 失效
标题翻译：用于测量样品中非互易光学效应的干涉测量技术
公开(公告)号：US5235404A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-10
申请号：US722338
申请日：1991-06-27
申请人： Martin M. Fejer , Aharon Kapitulnik , Kenneth A. Fesler
发明人： Martin M. Fejer , Aharon Kapitulnik , Kenneth A. Fesler
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01J9/02 , G01N21/21 , G02B21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/21 , G02B21/002 , G01J2009/0261 , G01J2009/0273 , G01N2021/216 , G01N2021/218
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring nonreciprocal optical effects contemplates directing two circularly polarized optical beams having a known phase relation to each other at a sample, and detecting the difference in phase between the two beams after they have encountered the sample. In a transmission measurement the two circularly polarized beams have the same handedness, but pass through the sample in opposite directions. In a reflection measurement, the two circularly polarized beams have opposite handedness, but encounter the sample in the same direction. In a particular embodiment of the invention a linearly polarized beam is introduced into a Sagnac interferometer and split into two linearly polarized beams which are ultimately recombined.
摘要翻译：用于测量不可逆光学效应的方法和装置预期在样本处引导具有彼此已知相位关系的两个圆偏振光束，并且在两个光束遇到样本之后检测两相之间的相位差。在透射测量中，两个圆偏振光束具有相同的螺旋性，但是在相反方向穿过样品。在反射测量中，两个圆偏振光束具有相反的手性，但是在相同方向上遇到样品。在本发明的一个具体实施例中，线性偏振光束被引入到Sagnac干涉仪中，并被分成两个最终重组的线性偏振光束。

8. 发明授权

US4735484A Acousto-optic frequency shifter utilizing multi-turn optical fiber 失效
标题翻译：声光移频器利用多匝光纤
公开(公告)号：US4735484A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-05
申请号：US699666
申请日：1985-02-08
申请人： Kenneth A. Fesler
发明人： Kenneth A. Fesler
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/11 , G02F2/02
CPC分类号： G02F1/0134
摘要： A fiber optic frequency shifter comprises an optical fiber having an acoustic conducting medium for propagation of an acoustic signal. The acoustic medium is preferably shaped as a rod, and the acoustic signal propagates longitudinally down the rod. The optical fiber is wound around the rod with plural turns such that the axis of the fiber is at an angle relative to the wave fronts of the acoustic signal. As the acoustic signal propagates through the rod, it causes stress on the portions of the fiber in contact with the rod. The stress on the fiber caused by the acoustic wave causes optical energy to be transferred between two propagation mdes of the fiber. This transferred energy is shifted in frequency by the frequency of the acoustic signal. By tightly winding the turns of the fiber, high frequency shifts can be obtained. The invention is also advantageous in that it provides a large amount of acoustic contact between the acoustic wave fronts and the fiber over a relatively short acoustic propagation distance. Thus, the device is quite compact.
摘要翻译：光纤移频器包括具有用于传播声信号的声传导介质的光纤。声学介质优选地成形为杆，并且声信号沿杆向下传播。光纤以多匝缠绕在杆上，使得光纤的轴线相对于声信号的波前成一定角度。当声信号通过杆传播时，它会使纤维与棒接触的部分产生应力。由声波引起的光纤上的应力导致光能在光纤的两个传播mdes之间传输。该传输的能量以声频信号的频率在频率上移动。通过紧紧缠绕光纤的匝数，可以获得高频移。本发明的优点在于，它在相对较短的声传播距离内在声波前沿和光纤之间提供大量的声学接触。因此，该装置相当紧凑。

9. 发明授权

US06891994B2 Micro optical design for DWDM interleavers with narrow channel spacing 失效
标题翻译：具有窄通道间隔的DWDM交织器的微光学设计
公开(公告)号：US06891994B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-10
申请号：US10274728
申请日：2002-10-21
申请人： Xiaojie Xu , Kenneth A. Fesler , Kaine Mildenberger
发明人： Xiaojie Xu , Kenneth A. Fesler , Kaine Mildenberger
IPC分类号： G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02B27/14
CPC分类号： G02B6/29386 , G02B6/2817 , G02B6/2935 , G02B6/29398 , G02B27/144 , G02B27/145
摘要： A device includes a first fiber collimator, a second fiber collimator, a third fiber collimator, a first beam splitting prism, a second beam splitting prism, a spacer, a resonator cube, and a dielectric beam splitting coating. The dielectric beam splitting coating separates the second beam splitting prism from the resonator cube. The spacer and the first fiber collimator straddle the first beam splitting prism. The first beam splitting prism and the second beam splitting prism straddle the spacer. The second fiber collimator and the spacer straddle the second beam splitting prism. The third fiber collimator and the spacer straddle the second beam splitting prism.
摘要翻译：一种器件包括第一光纤准直器，第二光纤准直器，第三光纤准直器，第一分束棱镜，第二分束棱镜，间隔物，谐振器立方体和介质光束分裂涂层。介质分束涂层将第二分束棱镜与共振器立方体分开。间隔件和第一光纤准直器跨越第一分束棱镜。第一分束棱镜和第二分束棱镜跨越间隔件。第二光纤准直仪和间隔物跨越第二分束棱镜。第三光纤准直器和间隔物跨越第二分束棱镜。

10. 发明授权

US4818064A Sensor array and method of selective interferometric sensing by use of coherence synthesis 失效
标题翻译：通过使用相干合成的传感器阵列和选择性干涉测量方法
公开(公告)号：US4818064A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-04
申请号：US100483
申请日：1987-09-24
申请人： Robert C. Youngquist , Robert H. Wentworth , Kenneth A. Fesler
发明人： Robert C. Youngquist , Robert H. Wentworth , Kenneth A. Fesler
IPC分类号： G01D5/353 , G01H9/00 , G02B6/34 , G02B6/28
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G01D5/35383 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A sensor array and method for remotely monitoring environmental effects on a selected sensor. In a sensor array comprising a plurality of interferometers, an optical signal of a selected configuration is provided so that portions of the optical signal are propagated through the interferometers. The optical signal configuration causes optical signal portions which have traveled the same signal path, except where separated on signal paths in a selected interferometer, to coherently mix when combined at an output of the selected interferometer. No other optical signal portions in the sensor array will coherently mix. The optical signal comprises plural components such as side bands which are configured to form a power spectrum defining an optical signal coherence function having a maximum which repeats periodically at a rate substantially corresponding to optical signal travel time difference in the selected interferometer. Also, the coherence function has minimums or zero values at times such that intervals between various minimums substantially correspond to optical signal travel time differences through non-selected interferometers, thus precluding coherent mixing of optical signal portions emerging from those non-selected interferometers. By modifying characteristics of the optical signal components, one may change the repetition period of the coherence function maximum and of selected coherence function minimums to produce coherent mixing of signal portions from another interferometer while precluding coherent mixing of signals from all other interferometers, including the previously selected interferometer. Accordingly, a given sensor may be selected from monitoring, to the exclusion of all others.
摘要翻译：用于远程监测所选传感器的环境影响的传感器阵列和方法。在包括多个干涉仪的传感器阵列中，提供所选配置的光信号，使得光信号的部分通过干涉仪传播。光信号配置导致已经行进相同信号路径的光信号部分，除了在所选择的干涉仪中的信号路径上分离的情况下，当在所选择的干涉仪的输出处被组合时相干混合。传感器阵列中没有其他光信号部分将相干混合。光信号包括诸如边带的多个组件，其被配置为形成定义具有最大值的光信号相干函数的功率谱，该最大值以基本上对应于所选干涉仪中的光信号行进时间差的速率周期性地重复。此外，相干函数在时间上具有最小值或零值，使得各种最小值之间的间隔基本上对应于通过未选择的干涉仪的光信号行进时间差，从而排除从那些未选择的干涉仪出现的光信号部分的相干混合。通过修改光信号分量的特性，可以改变相干函数最大值和所选相干函数最小值的重复周期，以产生来自另一干涉仪的信号部分的相干混合，同时排除来自所有其它干涉仪的信号的相干混合，包括先前选择干涉仪。因此，可以选择给定的传感器来监视所有其他传感器。

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