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1. 发明授权

US4754451A N-by-N "knockout" switch for a high-performance packet switching system with variable length packets 失效
标题翻译：用于具有可变长度分组的高性能分组交换系统的N-by N“敲除”开关
公开(公告)号：US4754451A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-28
申请号：US893610
申请日：1986-08-06
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Michael G. Hluchyj , Yu S. Yeh
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Michael G. Hluchyj , Yu S. Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L49/25 , H04L49/10 , H04L49/103 , H04L49/201 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/30 , H04L49/3027
摘要： The present invention relates to an N-input, N-output "Knockout" packet switch (11) which uses decentralized control and distributed routing for routing high-speed, time-multiplexed, variable-length packets of information from the N inputs to the N outputs. More particularly, within the switch, the N input signals are separately synchronized such that the start of each arbitrarily arriving variable-length packet is synchronized to the start of a next mini time period of a sequence of mini time periods common to all inputs. The synchronized N input signals then propagate along separate broadcast buses (14) to each of N bus interface units (15) which include N packet filters (20), a concentrator (21) and a shared buffer (22) capable of processing variable-length packets. Each bus interface unit is associated with a separate one of the N outputs (12) of the switch, and the N packet filters therein are each associated with a separate one of the N broadcast buses for detecting if a packet on the associated bus is destined for the associated switch output. The concentrator is used to (a) reduce the number of separate buffers needed to receive packets which may arrive simultaneously and are destined for the associated output, and (b) only directs a maximum of L concurrently arriving packets to the shared buffer while discarding, or "knocking" out, the remainder. Contending packets at the output of the concentrator are stored in the shared buffer before placement on the output line on a first-in, first-out basis. The discarded packet rate of the "knockout" switch can be made as small as desired and latency of packets in the switch is the smallest achievable by any comparable switch.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种使用分散控制和分布式路由从N个输入到高速时间复用的可变长度信息分组的N输入，N输出“Knockout”分组交换机（11） N个输出。更具体地，在开关内，N个输入信号被单独地同步，使得每个任意到达的可变长度分组的开始被同步到所有输入共同的一小段时间段的下一小时间段的开始。同步的N个输入信号随后沿独立的广播总线（14）传播到N个总线接口单元（15）中的每一个，N总线接口单元（15）包括N个分组滤波器（20），集中器（21）和共享缓冲器（22）长度包。每个总线接口单元与交换机的N个输出（12）中的单独一个相关联，并且其中的N个分组滤波器各自与N个广播总线中的单独一个相关联，用于检测相关总线上的分组是否发往为关联的开关输出。集中器用于（a）减少接收可能同时到达并发往相关输出的分组所需的单独缓冲器的数量，以及（b）仅在丢弃时将最多同时到达的分组指向共享缓冲器，或“敲门”，余数。集中器输出端的数据包竞争存储在共享缓冲区中，先于先出先出，放在输出线路上。可以使“敲除”开关的丢弃的分组速率尽可能小，并且交换机中的分组的等待时间是通过任何可比较的开关可实现的最小的。

2. 再颁专利

USRE34755E Interconnect fabric providing connectivity between an input and arbitrary output(s) of a group of outlets 失效
标题翻译：互连结构提供一组插座的输入和任意输出之间的连接
公开(公告)号：USRE34755E
公开(公告)日：1994-10-11
申请号：US940425
申请日：1992-09-04
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L49/101 , H04L49/106 , H04L49/253 , H04L49/1515 , H04L49/3018 , H04L49/3027 , H04L49/55
摘要： This invention is an inventive N input by L output interconnect fabric. In operation, packets comprising an information field and an address are received at the N inputs to the interconnect fabric, and the address in each packet is mapped to a group of outputs, rather than to any particular output. Each packet is then routed to any available one of the interconnect fabric outputs associated with the group to which the packet is mapped. If a number of packets destined for the same group simultaneously arrive at the interconnect fabric inputs and the group to which they are all destined does not comprise enough outputs to accept them, then all packets in excess of the number that the destined group can accept are simply discarded. The probability of lost .[.jackets.]. .Iadd.packets .Iaddend.due to such discarded packets is acceptably small. In one exemplary embodiment, the invention can be utilized to build arbitrarily large packet switches.
摘要翻译：本发明是L输出互连结构的创新的N输入。在操作中，包括信息字段和地址的分组在N个输入处被接收到互连结构，并且每个分组中的地址被映射到一组输出，而不是映射到任何特定的输出。然后将每个数据包路由到与数据包映射到的组相关联的任何可用的互连结构输出。如果发往同一组的多个分组同时到达互连结构输入，并且它们全部注入的组不包括足够的输出来接受它们，则超过目标组可以接受的数量的所有分组是简单地丢弃。由于这种丢弃的数据包而丢失[包夹]数据包的概率是可接受的小。在一个示例性实施例中，本发明可以用于构建任意大的分组交换机。

3. 发明授权

US4955017A Growable packet switch architecture 失效
标题翻译：可扩展分组交换架构
公开(公告)号：US4955017A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-04
申请号：US400183
申请日：1989-08-29
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L49/45 , H04L49/25 , H04L49/3018 , H04L49/3027 , H04L49/55
摘要： This invention is large N.times.N packet switch, formed using a plurality of smaller packet switches. The invention comprises an N input, L output interconnect fabric (L>N), and a plurality of J.times.K smaller packet switches (J>K). Each of the J inputs to each packet switch is connected to a separate one of the L outputs of the interconnect fabric, and each of the K outputs from each packet switch is connected to a destination equipment. In operation, packets are received at the N inputs to the interconnect fabric, and each packet is routed to one of the inputs of the packet switch associated with the destination user equipment for the packet. Simultaneous packets, up to J in number, are routed to separate inputs of a particular packet switch for distribution to their respective destinations, while all other simultaneous packets destined for user equipments associated with the same packet switch are lost, the probability of such a loss being acceptably small.

4. 再颁专利

USRE34811E Growable packet switch architecture 失效
标题翻译：可扩展分组交换架构
公开(公告)号：USRE34811E
公开(公告)日：1994-12-27
申请号：US940572
申请日：1992-09-04
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L49/45 , H04L49/25 , H04L49/3018 , H04L49/3027 , H04L49/55
摘要： This invention is large N.times.N packet switch, formed using a plurality of smaller packet switches. The invention comprises an N input, L output interconnect fabric (L>N), and a plurality of J.times.K smaller packet switches (J>K). Each of the J inputs to each packet switch is connected to a separate one of the L outputs of the interconnect fabric, and each of the K outputs from each packet switch is connected to a destination equipment. In operation, packets are received at the N inputs to the interconnect fabric, and each packet is routed to one of the inputs of the packet switch associated with the destination user equipment for the packet. Simultaneous packets, up to J in number, are routed to separate inputs of a particular packet switch for distribution to their respective destinations, while all other simultaneous packets destined for user equipments associated with the same packet switch are lost, the probability of such a loss being acceptably small.
摘要翻译：本发明是使用多个较小分组交换机形成的大型N×N分组交换机。本发明包括N输入L输出互连结构（L> N）和多个JxK较小分组交换机（J> K）。每个分组交换机的每个J输入连接到互连结构的L个输出中的单独一个，并且每个分组交换机的每个K输出连接到目的地设备。在操作中，分组在N个输入处被接收到互连结构，并且每个分组被路由到与分组的目的地用户设备相关联的分组交换机的输入之一。同时数据包（最多J个）被路由到特定数据包交换机的分离输入，以分发到其各自的目的地，而所有其他同时发送到与相同数据包交换机相关联的用户设备的数据包丢失，这种损失的可能性可接受的小

5. 发明授权

US4955016A Interconnect fabric providing connectivity between an input and arbitrary output(s) of a group of outlets 失效
标题翻译：互连结构提供一组插座的输入和任意输出之间的连接
公开(公告)号：US4955016A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-04
申请号：US400184
申请日：1989-08-29
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol , Yu S. Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L49/101 , H04L49/106 , H04L49/253 , H04L49/1515 , H04L49/3018 , H04L49/3027 , H04L49/55
摘要： This invention is an inventive N input by L output interconnect fabric. In operation, packets comprising an information field and an address are received at the N inputs to the interconnect fabric, and the address in each packet is mapped to a group of outputs, rather than to any particular output. Each packet is then routed to any available one of the interconnect fabric outputs associated with the group to which the packet is mapped. If a number of packets destined for the same group simultaneously arrive at the interconnect fabric inputs and the group to which they are all destined does not comprise enough outputs to accept them, then all packets in excess of the number that the destined group can accept are simply discarded. The probability of lost jackets due to such discarded packets is acceptably small. In one exemplary embodiment, the invention can be utilized to build arbitrarily large packet switches.

6. 发明授权

US09025740B2 Method and system for improved communication security 有权
标题翻译：提高通信安全性的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US09025740B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-05
申请号：US12775117
申请日：2010-05-06
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Pramod Pancha
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Pramod Pancha
IPC分类号： H04M1/64 , H04M1/725 , H04M1/673 , H04M7/00 , H04M1/253
CPC分类号： H04M1/7258 , H04M1/2535 , H04M1/673 , H04M1/72525 , H04M7/003
摘要： Security is improved in a communication system in which a communication connection is established when a user who has received a software button on his computing device (a Recipient) clicks on the button. When a Recipient first actuates a software button, a basic type of communication connection is established, during which the Recipient's identity can be verified. The Recipient then establishes a personal identification code, which he will have to provide upon future actuations of the software button. The system then enables other types of communication connections to be established by the Recipient. After the Recipient actuates the software button and verifies his identity, the system remembers the identity and location of the computing device he is using. When the Recipient subsequently actuates the software button, the identity and location of his computing device are checked, and verification of his identity is suppressed if they have not changed.
摘要翻译：当在其计算设备（收件人）上接收到软件按钮的用户点击该按钮时，建立通信连接的通信系统中的安全性得到改善。当收件人首先启动软件按钮时，建立基本类型的通信连接，在此期间可以验证收件人的身份。收件人然后建立个人识别码，他将在将来启动软件按钮时提供。系统然后使得其他类型的通信连接由接收者建立。在收件人启动软件按钮并验证其身份后，系统会记住他正在使用的计算设备的身份和位置。当接收者随后启动软件按钮时，检查其计算设备的身份和位置，如果他们的身份没有改变，他的身份验证被抑制。

7. 发明申请

US20120192083A1 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED ONLINE SEARCHING 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于增强在线搜索的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20120192083A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-26
申请号：US13013085
申请日：2011-01-25
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Pramod Pancha
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Pramod Pancha
IPC分类号： G06F3/01
CPC分类号： G06F16/957
摘要： A user performing a search on a computing device, for example with a browser application, is provided with one or more software buttons on the display of the device. The buttons are created based on the subject matter of his search. As the user searches, his queries are stored. Should the user actuate a software button, real time communication, for example a telephone call, is established with an adviser, who receives a copy of the user's search queries on his computing device.
摘要翻译：在计算设备上执行搜索的用户，例如使用浏览器应用，在设备的显示器上设置有一个或多个软件按钮。按钮是根据他的搜索主题创建的。当用户搜索时，他的查询被存储。如果用户启动软件按钮，则与顾问建立实时通信，例如电话呼叫，顾问在其计算设备上接收用户的搜索查询的副本。

8. 发明授权

US5428609A STM-to-ATM converters 失效
标题翻译： STM到ATM转换器
公开(公告)号：US5428609A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US176053
申请日：1994-01-03
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Gary D. Martin , Mark A. Pashan , Vikram Punj , Ronald A. Spanke
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Gary D. Martin , Mark A. Pashan , Vikram Punj , Ronald A. Spanke
IPC分类号： H04J3/06 , H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04 , H04J3/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0478 , H04J3/0632 , H04J2203/0089 , H04L2012/5652 , H04L2012/5672
摘要： A data stream is converted from a synchronous transfer mode (STM) to an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) by extracting data of a number of payload signals from the data stream, writing data of the payload signal into a random access memory (RAM), separately recording address locations of the data of each of the payload signals in separate buffers, directing the RAM to separately read the data of the payload signals, and attaching a cell header to the data read from the RAM to form ATM cells.
摘要翻译：通过从数据流提取多个有效载荷信号的数据，将数据流从同步传送模式（STM）转换为异步传输模式（ATM），将有效载荷信号的数据写入随机存取存储器（RAM）分别在单独的缓冲器中记录每个有效负载信号的数据的地址位置，指示RAM单独读取有效载荷信号的数据，以及将单元报头附加到从RAM读取的数据以形成ATM信元。

9. 发明授权

US5255265A Controller for input-queued packet switch 失效
标题翻译：控制器用于输入排队的分组交换机
公开(公告)号：US5255265A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-19
申请号：US878801
申请日：1992-05-05
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol
IPC分类号： B06B1/02 , H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04
CPC分类号： H04L49/508 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/3018 , H04L49/3081 , H04Q11/0478 , B06B2201/55 , H04L2012/5679
摘要： Significant throughput improvement is achieved for an input queued packet switch using output port schedulers by permitting the output schedulers to recycle or reassign cell transmission times from input ports which are unable to use them. When an output scheduler assigns a cell transmission time to an input port and that input port is unable to use the assigned transmission time due to a scheduling conflict, for example, the input port makes a new request for the same output port during the next subsequent request period and then returns the unusable transmission time assignment back to the output scheduler. The output scheduler stores the returned transmission time in a separate queue for assignment to later requests for the particular output port. Throughput performance is improved from 58% (without time slot recycling) to 92% (with time slot recycling) for random packet cell traffic models.

10. 发明授权

US5101290A High-performance packet-switched WDM ring networks with tunable lasers 失效
标题翻译：高性能分包交换式波分复用网络
公开(公告)号：US5101290A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-31
申请号：US561852
申请日：1990-08-02
申请人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol
发明人： Kai Y. Eng , Mark J. Karol
IPC分类号： H04B10/20 , H04B10/213 , H04J14/02 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/42
CPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0241 , H04L12/2801 , H04J14/028 , H04J14/0283
摘要： A communications network comprising a plurality of "subnetworks" multiplexed onto a single communications medium. A separate group of NIU's communicate on each predetermined "subnetwork", and each NIU also includes a tunable transmitter for transmitting data to NIU's of other subnetworks. Data from a user equipment is transmitted via the tunable transmitter if it is destined for an NIU from another subnetwork, and via a fixed transmitter if it is destined for an NIU on the same subnetwork. In one embodiment, fiber optics is utilized in order to provide a high speed network with tunable lasers.

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