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1. 发明授权

US08174174B2 Cathode structures for X-ray tubes 有权
标题翻译： X射线管阴极结构
公开(公告)号：US08174174B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-08
申请号：US12759621
申请日：2010-04-13
申请人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
发明人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
IPC分类号： H01J1/13 , H01J1/16
CPC分类号： H01J35/06 , H01J2235/06
摘要： An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.
摘要翻译：一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其他合适的形状构成。阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

2. 发明申请

US20100195798A1 Cathode Structures for X-Ray Tubes 有权
标题翻译： X射线管的阴极结构
公开(公告)号：US20100195798A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-05
申请号：US12759621
申请日：2010-04-13
申请人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
发明人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
IPC分类号： H01J35/06 , H01J1/15 , H01J1/16
CPC分类号： H01J35/06 , H01J2235/06
摘要： An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.
摘要翻译：一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其它合适的形状构成。阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

3. 发明授权

US09384935B2 Cathode structures for X-ray tubes 有权
标题翻译： X射线管阴极结构
公开(公告)号：US09384935B2
公开(公告)日：2016-07-05
申请号：US13369678
申请日：2012-02-09
申请人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
发明人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
IPC分类号： H01J1/13 , H01J35/06
CPC分类号： H01J35/06 , H01J2235/06
摘要： An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.
摘要翻译：一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其它合适的形状构成。阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

4. 发明授权

US07795792B2 Cathode structures for X-ray tubes 有权
标题翻译： X射线管阴极结构
公开(公告)号：US07795792B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-14
申请号：US11350975
申请日：2006-02-08
申请人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
发明人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
IPC分类号： H01J1/13 , H01J1/16
CPC分类号： H01J35/06 , H01J2235/06
摘要： An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.
摘要翻译：一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其他合适的形状构成。阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

5. 发明申请

US20120140896A1 CATHODE STRUCTURES FOR X-RAY TUBES 有权
标题翻译： X射线管的阴极结构
公开(公告)号：US20120140896A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-07
申请号：US13369678
申请日：2012-02-09
申请人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
发明人： James T. Arnold , Steve Bandy , Gary Virshup
IPC分类号： H01J35/06 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01J35/06 , H01J2235/06
摘要： An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.
摘要翻译：一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其他合适的形状构成。阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

6. 发明授权

US6155097A Method and apparatus for selectively extracting and compressing trace samples from a carrier to enhance detection 失效
标题翻译：用于从载体中选择性提取和压缩痕量样品以增强检测的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6155097A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US87666
申请日：1998-05-29
申请人： James T. Arnold
发明人： James T. Arnold
IPC分类号： G01N1/40 , G01N30/14 , G01N30/62 , G01N30/72 , G01N30/04 , G01N30/08
CPC分类号： G01N1/4005 , G01N30/14 , G01N2001/4016 , G01N2030/146 , G01N2030/623 , G01N30/7206
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for increasing sensitivity for near-real-time detection of very low concentrations of diffusely distributed trace vapors in a carrier medium. Before admitting the trace vapor bearing carrier medium into a near-real-time GC/MS trace vapor detection system, the concentration of the trace vapor in the carrier medium, air in this instance, is increased by passing it through a membrane gas separator. The gas separator preferentially passes a portion of the trace vapor and rejects all but a very small portion of the carrier medium. The sample, highly concentrated in trace vapor with respect to the carrier medium after passing through the gas separator, is then compressed by a turbomolecular pump resulting in a substantial increase in density of the trace vapor at the exhaust port of the pump and a corresponding increase in detection sensitivity.
摘要翻译：提供了一种方法和装置，用于提高载体介质中极低浓度的弥散分布痕量蒸汽的近实时检测的灵敏度。在将痕量蒸气承载载体介质接近实时GC / MS痕量蒸汽检测系统之前，载体介质中的痕量蒸汽浓度，在这种情况下为空气，通过使膜通过膜气分离器而增加。气体分离器优先通过痕量蒸气的一部分，并且除去载体介质的非常小的部分之外的所有物质。然后通过涡轮分子泵将样品高度浓缩在相对于载体介质的痕量蒸气中，然后通过涡轮分子泵进行压缩，导致在泵的排气口处的痕量蒸气的密度显着增加，并且相应增加在检测灵敏度。

7. 发明授权

US5872306A Real-time gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry trace vapor detection 失效
标题翻译：实时气相色谱质谱痕量蒸气检测
公开(公告)号：US5872306A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-16
申请号：US27947
申请日：1998-02-23
申请人： James T. Arnold
发明人： James T. Arnold
IPC分类号： G01N27/62 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/08 , G01N30/10 , G01N30/12 , G01N30/16 , G01N30/72 , B01D15/08
CPC分类号： G01N30/16 , G01N2030/025 , G01N2030/121 , G01N30/10 , G01N30/7206 , Y10T436/255
摘要： A gas flow distribution system accumulates a sample from a sample bearing carrier gas in a micro-accumulator, delivers it using a carrier gas to a gas chromatography column, and supplies a carrier gas to the gas chromatography column to facilitate separation of the sample into sample components and transport the sample components to a mass spectrometer for trace vapor detection and analysis or testing in real time. The system is made of inert components and configured to have low dead volume for improved performance and accuracy of detection. External valves are employed for easy management and balance of the flow in the system to minimize operation time and facilitate continuous accumulation, delivery, and testing of the sample. The delivery of the sample to the gas chromatography column using an electrically heated cold trap as the micro-accumulator can be performed extremely fast. By further combining the sample accumulation phase and the sample testing phase, real time operation of trace vapor detection is achieved. Because the step of delivering the sample to the gas chromatography column is performed quickly, the accumulation of the sample can resume quickly and is nearly continuous for improved efficiency.
摘要翻译：气体流量分配系统将来自承载载气样品的样品积聚在微型蓄能器中，并使用载气将其输送到气相色谱柱，并将载气提供给气相色谱柱，以便于将样品分离成样品组件，并将样品组分运送到质谱仪上进行痕量蒸汽检测和分析或实时测试。该系统由惰性部件制成，并且被配置为具有较低的死体积以提高检测的性能和准确度。使用外部阀门可以方便地管理和平衡系统中的流量，以最大限度地减少操作时间，并促进样品的连续积累，传送和测试。使用电加热的冷阱作为微量储存器将样品递送到气相色谱柱可以非常快地进行。通过进一步组合样品积累阶段和样品测试阶段，实现痕量蒸汽检测的实时操作。因为将样品输送到气相色谱柱的步骤快速进行，所以样品的积累可以快速恢复并且几乎连续以提高效率。

8. 发明授权

US5827945A Real-time gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry trace vapor detection 失效
公开(公告)号：US5827945A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-27
申请号：US738961
申请日：1996-10-24
申请人： James T. Arnold
发明人： James T. Arnold
IPC分类号： G01N27/62 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/08 , G01N30/10 , G01N30/12 , G01N30/16 , G01N30/72
CPC分类号： G01N30/16 , G01N2030/025 , G01N2030/121 , G01N30/10 , G01N30/7206 , Y10T436/255
摘要： A gas flow distribution system accumulates a sample from a sample bearing carrier gas in a micro-accumulator, delivers it using a carrier gas to a gas chromatography column, and supplies a carrier gas to the gas chromatography column to facilitate separation of the sample into sample components and transport the sample components to a mass spectrometer for trace vapor detection and analysis or testing in real time. The system is made of inert components and configured to have low dead volume for improved performance and accuracy of detection. External valves are employed for easy management and balance of the flow in the system to minimize operation time and facilitate continuous accumulation, delivery, and testing of the sample. The delivery of the sample to the gas chromatography column using an electrically heated cold trap as the micro-accumulator can be performed extremely fast. By further combining the sample accumulation phase and the sample testing phase, real time operation of trace vapor detection is achieved. Because the step of delivering the sample to the gas chromatography column is performed quickly, the accumulation of the sample can resume quickly and is nearly continuous for improved efficiency.

9. 发明授权

US5541975A X-ray tube having rotary anode cooled with high thermal conductivity fluid 失效
标题翻译：具有高导热性流体冷却旋转阳极的X射线管
公开(公告)号：US5541975A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-30
申请号：US179023
申请日：1994-01-07
申请人： Weston A. Anderson , James T. Arnold , Gordon R. Lavering , Jack J. Duffield
发明人： Weston A. Anderson , James T. Arnold , Gordon R. Lavering , Jack J. Duffield
IPC分类号： H01J35/10 , H05G1/04
CPC分类号： H01J35/106 , H05G1/025 , H05G1/04 , H01J2235/1204 , H01J2235/1279
摘要： An X-ray tube rotating anode is cooled with a liquid metal functioning as a recirculated heat exchange fluid and/or a metal film in a gap between the anode and a stationary structure. The liquid metal is confined to the gap by (a) a labyrinth having a coating that is not wetted by the liquid, (b) a magnetic structure, or (c) a wick. The liquid metal recirculated through the anode is cooled in a heat exchanger located either outside the tube or in the tube so it is surrounded by the anode. The heat exchanger in the tube includes a mass of metal in thermal contact with the recirculating liquid metal and including numerous passages for a cooling fluid, e.g. water. A high thermal conductivity path is provided between an anode region bombarded by electrons and a central region of the tube where heat is extracted. In one embodiment the high thermal conductivity is achieved by stacked pyrolytic structures having crystalline axes arranged so there is high heat conductivity radially of the region and lower thermal heat conductivity normal to the high heat conductivity direction.
摘要翻译： X射线管旋转阳极用在作为再循环热交换流体和/或金属膜之间的液体金属在阳极和固定结构之间的间隙中冷却。液体金属通过（a）具有不被液体润湿的涂层的迷宫式，（b）磁性结构或（c）芯）限制在间隙。通过阳极再循环的液态金属在位于管外部或管内的热交换器中冷却，使其被阳极包围。管中的热交换器包括与再循环液体金属热接触的金属块，并且包括用于冷却流体的许多通道，例如，水。在由电子轰击的阳极区域和提取热量的管的中心区域之间提供高导热性路径。在一个实施方案中，通过堆叠的热解结构实现了高热导率，其具有排列的晶轴，因此在该区域内径向具有高导热性，并且较低的热传导率垂直于高导热方向。

10. 发明授权

US5452069A Spark sampling microparticle generator and method 失效
标题翻译：火花采样微粒发生器及方法
公开(公告)号：US5452069A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-19
申请号：US137854
申请日：1993-10-15
申请人： James T. Arnold , Andrew T. Zander , Elbert S. Lile , Charles B. Cooper, III
发明人： James T. Arnold , Andrew T. Zander , Elbert S. Lile , Charles B. Cooper, III
IPC分类号： B23H1/02 , G01N1/04 , G01N1/28 , G01N19/06 , G01N21/67 , G01N1/00 , G01N21/62
CPC分类号： B23H1/02 , G01N1/04 , G01N19/06 , G01N21/67 , G01N1/286
摘要： A spark sampling microparticle generator device and method providing means to first ionize a gap and then to switch a stabilized and controllable current into and out of said ionized gap to provide extremely high, selectable current density in a sample material in said gap with very fast rise and fall times to ablate said material to form microparticles. A plurality of identical modular circuits containing high frequency power transistors are selectably switchably connected in parallel simultaneously to the gap to achieve current densities which are higher than achievable with a single transistor, thereby obtaining the benefits of the high frequency response without being limited by the current limitations of the available transistors.
摘要翻译：火花采样微粒发生器装置和方法，其提供装置，其首先电离间隙，然后将稳定和可控制的电流切换到和离开所述电离间隙，以在所述间隙中的样品材料中提供非常高的可选择的电流密度，具有非常快的上升和下降时间以烧蚀所述材料以形成微粒。包含高频功率晶体管的多个相同的模块电路可选择地并行地并行地与间隙连接，以实现高于单个晶体管可实现的电流密度，从而获得高频响应的优点而不受电流的限制可用晶体管的限制。

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