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1. 发明授权

US5636437A Fabricating solid carbon porous electrodes from powders 失效
标题翻译：从粉末制造固体碳多孔电极
公开(公告)号：US5636437A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US440168
申请日：1995-05-12
申请人： James L. Kaschmitter , Tri D. Tran , John H. Feikert , Steven T. Mayer
发明人： James L. Kaschmitter , Tri D. Tran , John H. Feikert , Steven T. Mayer
IPC分类号： C02F1/461 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/96 , H01R43/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/587 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/96 , C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4691 , Y02P70/54 , Y10T29/49117
摘要： Fabrication of conductive solid porous carbon electrodes for use in batteries, double layer capacitors, fuel cells, capacitive dionization, and waste treatment. Electrodes fabricated from low surface area (
摘要翻译：用于电池，双层电容器，燃料电池，电容式去离子和废物处理的导电固体多孔碳电极的制造。由低表面积（<50m2 / gm）石墨和焦炭制成的电极表现出优异的可逆锂嵌入特性，使其成为高压锂离子（锂离子）电池中用作阳极的理想选择。具有较高表面积的电极由碳黑气凝胶粉末，碳气凝胶微球，活性炭等制成，产生具有优异双层容量的高导电性碳复合材料，可用于双层电容器，或用于双层电容器液体流的电容去离子和/或废物处理。通过添加高表面积碳的金属催化剂，可以制造燃料电池电极。

2. 发明授权

US5336274A Method for forming a cell separator for use in bipolar-stack energy storage devices 失效
标题翻译：用于形成用于双极堆叠储能装置的电池隔板的方法
公开(公告)号：US5336274A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US90881
申请日：1993-07-08
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , John H. Feikert , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , John H. Feikert , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/02 , H01M6/00 , H01M2/16 , H01M6/46
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/0213 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/49114
摘要： An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.
摘要翻译：改进的多单元电化学能量存储装置，例如电池，燃料电池或使用电池隔板的双层电容器，其允许电池以低电阻和高可靠性堆叠和互连，同时最大限度地提高包装效率。通过添加重复单元，可以获得更高的电压。通过在热分解之前或之后，在相邻的碳电极或一对相邻电池的气凝胶电极的表面的相对表面上施加有机粘合剂来形成电池隔板，以形成碳气凝胶电极。细胞分离器是电子导电的，但是离子隔离，防止堆叠中相邻细胞之间的电解传导路径。

3. 发明授权

US5898564A Capacitor with a composite carbon foam electrode 失效
标题翻译：电容器用复合碳泡沫电极
公开(公告)号：US5898564A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-27
申请号：US760852
申请日：1996-12-02
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
IPC分类号： H01B1/04 , H01G9/04
CPC分类号： H01G11/24 , H01G11/30 , H01G11/34 , H01G11/42 , H01G11/46 , Y02E60/13
摘要： Carbon aerogels used as a binder for granularized materials, including other forms of carbon and metal additives, are cast onto carbon or metal fiber substrates to form composite carbon thin film sheets. The thin film sheets are utilized in electrochemical energy storage applications, such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (aerocapacitors), lithium based battery insertion electrodes, fuel cell electrodes, and electrocapacitive deionization electrodes. The composite carbon foam may be formed by prior known processes, but with the solid partides being added during the liquid phase of the process, i.e. prior to gelation. The other forms of carbon may include carbon microspheres, carbon powder, carbon aerogel powder or particles, graphite carbons. Metal and/or carbon fibers may be added for increased conductivity. The choice of materials and fibers will depend on the electrolyte used and the relative trade off of system resistivity and power to system energy.
摘要翻译：用作颗粒状材料（包括其他形式的碳和金属添加剂）的粘合剂的碳气凝胶被浇铸到碳或金属纤维基材上以形成复合碳薄膜片。薄膜片用于电化学储能应用，例如电化学双层电容器（aerocapacitors），锂基电池插入电极，燃料电池电极和电容去离子电极。复合碳泡沫可以通过先前已知的方法形成，但是在该方法的液相期间，即在凝胶化之前加入固体成分。碳的其他形式可以包括碳微球，碳粉，碳气凝胶粉或石墨碳。可以加入金属和/或碳纤维以增加导电性。材料和纤维的选择将取决于所使用的电解质和系统电阻率和功率对系统能量的相对折衷。

4. 发明授权

US5402306A Aquagel electrode separator for use in batteries and supercapacitors 失效
标题翻译：用于电池和超级电容器的Aquagel电极分离器
公开(公告)号：US5402306A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US57739
申请日：1993-05-04
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , B01J20/02 , C01B31/02
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C04B38/0022 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G11/34 , C04B2111/00844 , Y02E60/13
摘要： An electrode separator for electrochemical energy storage devices, such as a high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes. The separator is derived from an aquagel of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers and containing ionically conducting electrolyte in the pores thereof.
摘要翻译：一种用于电化学储能装置的电极分离器，例如包含各种碳泡沫电极的高能量密度电容器。分离器衍生自间苯二酚 - 甲醛的水凝胶和相关聚合物，并在其孔中含有离子导电电解质。

5. 发明授权

US5932185A Method for making thin carbon foam electrodes 失效
标题翻译：制造薄碳泡沫电极的方法
公开(公告)号：US5932185A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US110003
申请日：1993-08-23
申请人： Richard W. Pekala , Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Robert L. Morrison
发明人： Richard W. Pekala , Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Robert L. Morrison
IPC分类号： B01J23/18 , B01J37/08 , B22F3/11 , C04B38/00 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/85 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/58 , C01B31/00
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , B01J23/18 , B01J37/084 , B22F3/114 , C04B38/0022 , C04B41/5001 , C04B41/85 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/587 , C02F1/4691 , Y02E60/13
摘要： A method for fabricating thin, flat carbon electrodes by infiltrating highly porous carbon papers, membranes, felts, metal fibers/powders, or fabrics with an appropriate carbon foam precursor material. The infiltrated carbon paper, for example, is then cured to form a gel-saturated carbon paper, which is subsequently dried and pyrolyzed to form a thin sheet of porous carbon. The material readily stays flat and flexible during curing and pyrolyzing to form thin sheets. Precursor materials include polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylacrylonitrile (PMAN), resorcinol/formaldehyde, catechol/formaldehyde, phenol/formaldehyde, etc., or mixtures thereof. These thin films are ideal for use as high power and energy electrodes in batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells, and are potentially useful for capacitive deionization, filtration and catalysis.
摘要翻译：通过用合适的碳泡沫前体材料渗透高度多孔碳纸，膜，毡，金属纤维/粉末或织物来制造薄的扁平碳电极的方法。然后将渗透的碳纸固化以形成凝胶饱和碳纸，随后将其干燥并热解，形成多孔碳薄片。该材料在固化和热解过程中易于保持平坦和柔性，形成薄片。前体材料包括聚丙烯腈（PAN），聚甲基丙烯腈（PMAN），间苯二酚/甲醛，邻苯二酚/甲醛，苯酚/甲醛等，或其混合物。这些薄膜非常适用于电池，电容器和燃料电池中的高功率和高能量电极，并且可用于电容去离子，过滤和催化。

6. 发明授权

US5609972A Cell cap assembly having frangible tab disconnect mechanism 失效
标题翻译：电池盖组件具有易碎片断开机构
公开(公告)号：US5609972A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US610388
申请日：1996-03-04
申请人： James L. Kaschmitter , Frank L. Martucci , Steven T. Mayer , Jung H. Souh , Sean Thompson
发明人： James L. Kaschmitter , Frank L. Martucci , Steven T. Mayer , Jung H. Souh , Sean Thompson
IPC分类号： H01M2/04 , H01M2/12 , H01M2/34 , H01M6/16 , H01M6/50 , H01M10/40 , H01M10/52
CPC分类号： H01M2/345 , H01M2/1241 , H01M2/34 , H01M2200/10 , H01M6/16
摘要： A cell pressure control system is disclosed which includes a conductive frangible tab which tears in response to a defined pressure. The frangible tab is affixed at one position to a stationary member and at another position to a deflection member which deflects in response to increasing internal cell pressure. When the cell pressure increases to a dangerous level, the deflection member exerts sufficient pressure on the frangible tab to cause it to break. When the tab breaks, the cell goes to open circuit, thus reducing the danger of continued pressure build up. If the cell's internal pressure continues to increase even after the pressure contact is opened, a second stage of the pressure control mechanism may be activated. Specifically, a pressure rupturable region in the above-mentioned deflection member will rupture and release the cell's internal pressure.
摘要翻译：公开了一种电池压力控制系统，其包括响应于限定压力而撕裂的导电易碎片。易碎翼片在一个位置处固定到固定构件，并且在另一位置附接到偏转构件，该偏转构件响应于增加的内部单元压力而偏转。当电池压力增加到危险水平时，偏转构件对易碎片施加足够的压力以使其破裂。当标签断裂时，电池开路，从而降低持续压力积聚的危险。即使在压力接触打开之后电池的内部压力也继续增加，压力控制机构的第二级可以被激活。具体地，上述偏转构件中的压力破裂区域将破裂并释放电池的内部压力。

7. 发明授权

US5529971A Carbon foams for energy storage devices 失效
标题翻译：用于储能装置的碳泡沫
公开(公告)号：US5529971A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-25
申请号：US36740
申请日：1993-03-25
申请人： James L. Kaschmitter , Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： James L. Kaschmitter , Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , B01J20/02 , C01B31/00
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C04B38/0022 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G11/34 , C04B2111/00844 , Y02E60/13
摘要： A high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes is described. The foams, derived from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers, are high density (0.1 g/cc-1.0 g/cc) electrically conductive and have high surface areas (400 m.sup.2 /g-1000 m.sup.2 /g). Capacitances on the order of several tens of farad per gram of electrode are achieved.
摘要翻译：描述了包含各种碳泡沫电极的高能量密度电容器。衍生自间苯二酚 - 甲醛和相关聚合物的热解的泡沫体具有高密度（0.1g / cc-1.0g / cc）的导电性，并具有高的表面积（400m2 / g-1000m2 / g）。实现了每克电极数十法拉的数量级。

8. 发明授权

US5908896A Organic aerogel microspheres 失效
标题翻译：有机气凝胶微球
公开(公告)号：US5908896A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US586038
申请日：1996-01-16
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , Fung-Ming Kong , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , Fung-Ming Kong , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
IPC分类号： B01J13/00 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , C01B31/00
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , B01J13/00 , B01J13/0091 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： Organic aerogel microspheres which can be used in capacitors, batteries, thermal insulation, adsorption/filtration media, and chromatographic packings, having diameters ranging from about 1 micron to about 3 mm. The microspheres can be pyrolyzed to form carbon aerogel microspheres. This method involves stirring the aqueous organic phase in mineral oil at elevated temperature until the dispersed organic phase polymerizes and forms nonsticky gel spheres. The size of the microspheres depends on the collision rate of the liquid droplets and the reaction rate of the monomers from which the aqueous solution is formed. The collision rate is governed by the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the mineral oil and the shear rate, while the reaction rate is governed by the chemical formulation and the curing temperature.
摘要翻译：可用于电容器，电池，绝热，吸附/过滤介质和色谱填料的有机气凝胶微球，其直径范围为约1微米至约3毫米。微球可以热解形成碳气凝胶微球。该方法包括在升高的温度下在矿物油中搅拌含水有机相，直到分散的有机相聚合并形成不粘的凝胶球。微球的大小取决于液滴的碰撞速率和形成水溶液的单体的反应速率。碰撞率由水溶液与矿物油的体积比和剪切速率决定，反应速率由化学配方和固化温度决定。

9. 发明授权

US5789338A Process for producing carbon foams for energy storage devices 失效
标题翻译：用于生产储能装置的碳泡沫的方法
公开(公告)号：US5789338A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US619393
申请日：1996-03-20
申请人： James L. Kaschmitter , Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： James L. Kaschmitter , Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , B01J20/30
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C04B38/0022 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G11/34 , C04B2111/00844 , Y02E60/13
摘要： A high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes is described. The foams, derived from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers, are high density (0.1 g/cc-1.0 g/cc) electrically conductive and have high surface areas (400 m.sup.2 /g-1000 m.sup.2 /g). Capacitances on the order of several tens of farad per gram of electrode are achieved.
摘要翻译：描述了包含各种碳泡沫电极的高能量密度电容器。衍生自间苯二酚 - 甲醛和相关聚合物的热解的泡沫体具有高密度（0.1g / cc-1.0g / cc）的导电性，并具有高的表面积（400m2 / g-1000m2 / g）。实现了每克电极数十法拉的数量级。

10. 发明授权

US5601938A Carbon aerogel electrodes for direct energy conversion 失效
标题翻译：碳气凝胶电极，用于直接能量转换
公开(公告)号：US5601938A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US183876
申请日：1994-01-21
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/08
CPC分类号： H01M4/96 , H01M8/08 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M4/92
摘要： A direct energy conversion device, such as a fuel cell, using carbon aerogel electrodes, wherein the carbon aerogel is loaded with a noble catalyst, such as platinum or rhodium and soaked with phosphoric acid, for example. A separator is located between the electrodes, which are placed in a cylinder having plate current collectors positioned adjacent the electrodes and connected to a power supply, and a pair of gas manifolds, containing hydrogen and oxygen positioned adjacent the current collectors. Due to the high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of carbon aerogels, the problems relative to high polarization resistance of carbon composite electrodes conventionally used in fuel cells are overcome.
摘要翻译：直接能量转换装置，例如使用碳气凝胶电极的燃料电池，其中碳气凝胶装载有贵金属催化剂，例如铂或铑，并用磷酸浸泡。分离器位于电极之间，其被放置在具有邻近电极定位并且连接到电源的板集流器的气缸中，以及一对包含位于集流器附近的氢和氧的气体歧管。由于碳气凝胶的高表面积和优异的导电性，克服了常规用于燃料电池中的碳复合电极的高极化电阻的问题。

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