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1. 发明授权

US5625542A Low-noise operation of a machine fed by a pulse inverter 失效
标题翻译：由脉冲逆变器馈送的机器的低噪声运行
公开(公告)号：US5625542A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-29
申请号：US449306
申请日：1995-05-24
申请人： Herbert Stemmler , Thomas Eilinger
发明人： Herbert Stemmler , Thomas Eilinger
IPC分类号： H02M7/5395 , H02P27/06 , H02P27/08 , H02M1/12
CPC分类号： H02M7/5395
摘要： A method and apparatus for the low noise operation of a electrical machine driven by a pulse inverter computes the amplitudes and frequencies of the harmonics of the inverter output voltages. Through targeted setting of the modulation parameters, the frequency spectrum or the noise spectrum can be fanned out and harmonics, which would excite stator resonances, can be eliminated. Due to the independence of the modulation parameters from the modulation index (a.sub.0) and the fundamental oscillation frequency (f.sub.1), the fanning-out and the elimination has no influence on the fundamental oscillation (u.sub.GS) or on the operating point of the machine. The inverter is controlled through sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) and sinusoidal pulse frequency modulation (PFM) of a triangular carrier signal (U.sub.H). By this method, the main groups of the harmonics with two ordinate numbers (n, v) are fanned out into subgroups with three ordinate numbers (n, m, v). In addition to a more uniform distribution, there also is a reduction in the amplitudes of the harmonics (U.sub.nmv) through this fanning-out method. The generated noise is reduced in level and the sound pattern does not contain any conspicuous unpleasant individual frequencies.
摘要翻译：用于由脉冲逆变器驱动的电机的低噪声运行的方法和装置计算逆变器输出电压的谐波的幅度和频率。通过调制参数的目标设定，可以消除频谱或噪声谱，并且可以消除激发定子谐振的谐波。由于调制参数（a0）和基本振荡频率（f1）的调制参数的独立性，扇出和消除对基本振荡（uGS）或机器的工作点没有影响。逆变器通过三角载波信号（UH）的正弦脉宽调制（PWM）和正弦脉冲频率调制（PFM）进行控制。通过这种方法，将具有两个纵坐标数（n，v）的谐波的主要组分散成具有三个纵坐标数（n，m，v）的子组。除了更均匀的分布之外，还通过这种扇形化方法降低了谐波的振幅（Unmv）。所产生的噪声水平降低，声音模式不包含任何显着的不愉快的个体频率。

2. 发明授权

US6130524A Method and apparatus for generating and injecting reactive power into an electrical AC power grid system using an inverter 失效
标题翻译：使用逆变器生成和注入无功功率到电力交流电网系统的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6130524A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US126956
申请日：1998-07-31
申请人： Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： G05F1/70 , H02J3/18
CPC分类号： H02J3/1814 , Y02E40/18
摘要： In the case of a method for feeding reactive power into an AC grid system, in the case of which method at least one line (10) of the grid system has a compensation voltage (U.sub.comp) produced for it, which compensation voltage (U.sub.comp) is phase-shifted with respect to the current in the line (10) and is injected into the line (10), simplified compensation is achieved in that the compensation voltage (U.sub.comp) is produced from a DC voltage by means of an inverter (11), which is formed by gate turn-off power semiconductors in a bridge circuit, and in that the compensation voltage (U.sub.comp) is injected in series directly into the line (10).
摘要翻译：在将无功功率馈送到交流电网系统的方法的情况下，在这种情况下，电网系统的至少一条线路（10）具有为其产生的补偿电压（Ucomp），哪个补偿电压（Ucomp）相对于线路（10）中的电流相移并注入到线路（10）中，通过逆变器（11）从直流电压产生补偿电压（Ucomp）来实现简化的补偿），其由栅极电路中的栅极截止功率半导体形成，并且补偿电压（Ucomp）被串联注入到线路（10）中。

3. 发明授权

US5544035A Converter arrangement having a low-inductance commutation circuit 失效
标题翻译：具有低电感换向电路的转换器装置
公开(公告)号：US5544035A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US360624
申请日：1994-12-21
申请人： Conrad Beriger , Horst Gruning , Herbert Stemmler , Johannes Werninger
发明人： Conrad Beriger , Horst Gruning , Herbert Stemmler , Johannes Werninger
IPC分类号： H02M7/04 , H02M7/00 , H02M7/5387 , H02M7/515
CPC分类号： H02M7/003
摘要： A converter circuit arrangement is specified which is constructed to have a particularly low inductance. This is achieved by the circuit area of the commutation circuit being kept as small as possible. A circuit area which is as small as possible is achieved by the branch modules and switch modules of a phase module being arranged either in a U-shape or in a meandering shape. The branch modules can be arranged either parallel to or at right angles to a main direction, between the positive and negative connections and the load connection. In addition, it is advantageous if the power semiconductor switches and the reverse-connected parallel diodes and freewheeling diodes are arranged in separate stacks which are held together by means of a clamping-in device.
摘要翻译： A转换器电路布置被指定为具有特别低的电感。这是通过使换向电路的电路面积保持尽可能小的方式实现的。尽可能小的电路区域由相位模块的分支模块和开关模块实现为U形或曲折形状。分支模块可以在正向和负向连接和负载连接之间平行或与主要方向成直角。此外，有利的是，功率半导体开关和反向并联的二极管和续流二极管被布置在通过夹紧装置保持在一起的分开的堆叠中。

4. 发明授权

US4553197A Converter with fast-acting overvoltage protection 失效
标题翻译：转换器具有快速过电压保护功能
公开(公告)号：US4553197A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-12
申请号：US544639
申请日：1983-10-24
申请人： Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： H02M7/162 , H02M5/45
CPC分类号： H02M7/1623
摘要： A power converter typically used for operating electrical machines and provided with protective measures to protect against overvoltages which can otherwise occur in the process of switching off the inductive loads represented by the electrical machines. To that end, the converter includes plural bridge circuits having a.c. voltage terminals and d.c. voltage terminals, wherein the a.c. voltage terminals are phasewise parallel-connected and coupled to each other via at least one capacitor and wherein the d.c. voltage terminals are coupled to each other via at least one intermediate circuit reactor. The bridge circuits include bridge arms having GTO thyristors that can be switched off, and the plural bridges are driven out of phase with respect to one another. In this way, the converter supplies an alternating current which is relatively near-sinusoidal and exhibits a low harmonics content to the electrical machine. Following turning off of the thyristors in the bridge circuits of the converter, energy stored in the machine is temporarily stored in the capacitors coupling the A.C. terminals of the bridge circuits, so that no impermissible overvoltages occur.
摘要翻译：一种电力转换器，通常用于操作电机并提供保护措施，以防止过电压，否则可能会在关闭由电机表示的感性负载的过程中发生。为此，转换器包括具有直流电的多个桥接电路。电压端子和直流电压端子，其中a.c. 电压端子并行连接并且经由至少一个电容器彼此耦合，并且其中直流电压端子通过至少一个中间电路反应器彼此耦合。桥接电路包括具有能够断开的GTO晶闸管的桥臂，并且多个桥被相对于彼此异相驱动。以这种方式，转换器提供相对接近正弦的交流电，并向电机呈现低谐波含量。在关闭转换器的桥式电路中的晶闸管之后，存储在机器中的能量暂时存储在耦合桥式电路的交流电端子的电容器中，从而不会发生不允许的过电压。

5. 发明授权

US4488121A Method and apparatus for amplifying an analog low-frequency signal by a switching amplifier 失效
标题翻译：用于通过开关放大器放大模拟低频信号的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4488121A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-11
申请号：US343770
申请日：1982-01-28
申请人： Andreas Furrer , Vaclau Mertl , Johann Milavec , Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Andreas Furrer , Vaclau Mertl , Johann Milavec , Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： H03F3/20 , H03F3/217 , H03F3/38
CPC分类号： H03F3/2175
摘要： A method of amplifying an analog low-frequency signal, and a switching amplifier implementing the method, wherein the maximum amplifiable voltage of the analog input signal is divided up into as many voltage bands as there are switching stages provided in the switching amplifier, and one switching stage is associated with each voltage band. Thereby the number of switching stages actuated and their switched-on period may be modulated in dependence upon the amplitude. In this way it is possible to reduce considerably the total number of switching processes during one period of the low-frequency input signal and the losses connected with each switching process.
摘要翻译：一种放大模拟低频信号的方法和实现该方法的开关放大器，其中模拟输入信号的最大可放大电压被分成与开关放大器中提供的开关级一样多的电压带，一个开关级与每个电压带相关联。因此，可以根据振幅来调制切换级的数量和其接通周期。以这种方式，可以显着减少在低频输入信号的一个周期期间的开关处理的总数以及与每个开关处理相关的损耗。

6. 发明授权

US5235503A Process and device for eliminating or reducing harmonics and/or resonance oscillations 失效
标题翻译：消除或减少谐波和/或谐振的过程和设备
公开(公告)号：US5235503A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-10
申请号：US804598
申请日：1991-12-10
申请人： Herbert Stemmler , Peter Steimer , Bjorn Odegard
发明人： Herbert Stemmler , Peter Steimer , Bjorn Odegard
IPC分类号： H02M1/12 , H02M5/45
CPC分类号： H02M5/4505 , H02M1/12
摘要： An a.c. machine (7) with, connected in parallel thereto, a capacitor bank (CR, CS, CT), which are fed by a converter (1-4) with a d.c. intermediate circuit, form a resonant system which is excited by the rectangular current of an inverter (4) of the converter. In this case, there is superimposition of the fundamentals and the normal harmonics in the machine voltage and in the machine current of an additional harmonic with the frequency of the resonance point. In the lower speed range of the a.c. machine (7), this excitation is eliminated by an optimum operating sequence of current gaps, which are generated inside a current block by means of a quenching circuit (3). Current gaps are generated at the start and end of each current block for the purpose of damping the 11th and 13th harmonic, and in the middle of the current block for the purpose of damping the 7th harmonic. A turn-on angle basic value signal (.alpha..sub.M) is modified by a turn-on angle differential signal (.DELTA..alpha..sub.M) for the purpose of damping the 5th harmonic, in particular an exciting or available harmonic being controlled to 0 or in the vicinity of 0.
摘要翻译：一个与并联连接的电容器组（CR，CS，CT）的机器（7）由转换器（1-4）供电，具有直流。形成由转换器的逆变器（4）的矩形电流激发的谐振系统。在这种情况下，在机器电压和谐波点频率的附加谐波的机器电流中存在基本原理和正常谐波的叠加。在a.c.的较低速度范围内。机器（7）中，通过淬火电路（3）在当前块内产生的当前间隙的最佳操作顺序来消除该激发。为了阻尼第11次谐波和第13次谐波以及当前块的中间，为了阻尼第7次谐波，在当前块的开始和结束处产生电流间隙。导通角度基本值信号（αM）由导通角差分信号（DELTA alpha M）修改，以阻尼第五谐波，特别是激励或可用谐波被控制为0或在附近0。

7. 发明授权

US4951187A Method for controlling a three-phase inverter 失效
标题翻译：三相逆变器控制方法
公开(公告)号：US4951187A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-21
申请号：US440360
申请日：1989-11-22
申请人： Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： H02M7/527
CPC分类号： H02M7/527
摘要： Inverters (5.1, 5.2) for feeding a three-phase load such as, for example, an asynchronous machine (6), are controlled by pulse width modulation, in such a manner that they supply output voltages (U.sub.5.1R, U.sub.5.2R) which are as closely sinusoidal as possible, having few harmonics per alternating-current phase (R, S, T). To achieve the pulse width modulation, a first auxiliary alternating voltage (U.sub.H1) of a sawtooth generator (1.1), on the one hand, and a second auxiliary alternating voltage (U.sub.H2) of a sawtooth generator (1.2), which is phase-shifted by 180.degree. with respect to the first one, on the other hand, is superimposed by a control signal transmitter (2) on a sinusoidal first superimposition alternating voltage (U.sub.StR, U.sub.StS, U.sub.StT) with the required frequency and phase angle in logic circuits (3.1, 3.2). Separate inverter groups (5.1, 5.2), the outputs of which are connected via a reactor coil (7), the center tab of which is connected to a stator winding (W.sub.R) of the asynchronous machine (6), are controlled in dependence on intersectons of the two superimposition voltages in each case. To reduce the turn-on and turn-off losses, the thyristors (T1, T1'; T2, T2') of the inverter are only switched over at intersections of the rising portion of the auxiliary alternating voltage (U.sub.H1, U.sub.H2). During this process, the inverter sections of the two phases (R, S, T), the firsat superimposition alternating voltage of which has been intersected are in each case switched at two successive intersectons while the inverter sections of the adjacent phases are switched over at the subsequent third intersecton. This allows the switching actions to be reduced by 1/3.
摘要翻译：用于馈送例如异步电机（6）的三相负载的逆变器（5.1,5.2）通过脉冲宽度调制来控制，使得它们提供输出电压（U5.1R，U5.2R ），它们尽可能接近正弦，每个交流相（R，S，T）具有很少的谐波。为了实现脉宽调制，一方面是锯齿波发生器（1.1）的第一辅助交流电压（UH1）和锯齿波发生器（1.2）的第二辅助交流电压（UH2），其相移另一方面，由控制信号发射器（2）以正弦的第一叠加交流电压（UStR，UStS，UStT）与逻辑电路中所需的频率和相位角叠加180° 3.1，3.2）。单独的反相器组（5.1,5.2），其输出通过电抗器线圈（7）连接，电抗器线圈（7）的中心接头连接到异步电机（6）的定子绕组（WR），根据在每种情况下两个叠加电压的交叉点。为了减小导通和关断损耗，逆变器的晶闸管（T1，T1'; T2，T2'）只在辅助交流电压（UH1，UH2）的上升部分的交点处切换。在该过程中，其交叉交替电压已经相交的两相（R，S，T）的逆变器部分在每个情况下在两个连续的相交处切换，而相邻相的逆变器部分被切换在随后的第三个相交。这允许将切换动作减少1/3。

8. 发明授权

US5164893A Low inductance GTO switching circuit for an inverter 失效
标题翻译：用于逆变器的低电感GTO开关电路
公开(公告)号：US5164893A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-17
申请号：US734786
申请日：1991-07-23
申请人： Hansueli Luscher , Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Hansueli Luscher , Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： H02M1/06 , H02M7/515
CPC分类号： H02M7/515
摘要： With respect to their connection to snubber capacitors (C1, C2), a discharge resistor (12) connecting these snubber capacitors, and a link capacitor bank (3), inverter circuits with GTO thyristors (T1, T2) connected in series have parasitic leakage inductances which limit the level of the permissible link direct voltage. In order to reduce the leakage inductances, the snubber capacitors (C1, C2) are surrounded by effectively conducting capacitor covers (17). Sheet-metal shielding covers are fitted over the two ends of the discharge resistor (12). Parallel and series connected capacitors of the link capacitor bank (3) are connected to the positive/negative terminals (23, 24) of the GTO thyristors (T1, T2) in the middle of a heat sink connecting strainer (33), the supply leads being guided essentially parallel and the capacitors being arranged in opposite planes.
摘要翻译：关于缓冲电容器（C1，C2）的连接，连接这些缓冲电容器的放电电阻器（12）和连接电容器组（3），串联连接的具有GTO晶闸管（T1，T2）的反相器电路具有寄生泄漏限制可允许链路直流电压电平的电感。为了减小漏电感，缓冲电容器（C1，C2）被有效地传导电容器盖（17）包围。钣金屏蔽罩安装在放电电阻（12）的两端。连接电容器组（3）的并联和串联电容器连接到散热器连接过滤器（33）中间的GTO晶闸管（T1，T2）的正/负端子（23,24），供电引线基本上是平行的，并且电容器布置在相对的平面中。

9. 发明授权

US4680531A Method for attenuating at least one electric harmonic of the system frequency in a multi-phase alternating-current system 失效
标题翻译：用于在多相交流系统中衰减系统频率的至少一个电谐波的方法
公开(公告)号：US4680531A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-14
申请号：US898019
申请日：1986-08-19
申请人： Antoine Rey , Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Antoine Rey , Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： H02J3/00 , H02J3/01 , G05F1/70
CPC分类号： H02J3/01 , Y02E40/40
摘要： A method for attenuating at least one unwanted harmonic, particularly the second harmonic, with respect to the system frequency in a multi-phase alternating current system, wherein an additional stabilizing circuit is installed into a conventional current/voltage controller including a current/voltage controller and a three-phase firing pulse generator in a reactive-power compensator connected via a reactive-power transformer and a current transformer to a 50 Hz three-phase system. The reactive power compensator has for each phase of the three-phase current at least one air choke, which is connected via a current transformer and via an alternating-current switch via another sum-current transformer to a secondary winding of the reactive-power transformer. In addition, the reactive-power compensator has for each phase of the three-phase current at least one capacitor bank or a capacitor, which is connected via a current transformer and an alternating-current switch (13) to the sum-current transformer (20). The stabilizing circuit measures a harmonic-containing magnetising current as the difference between compensator current (i.sub.K) and sum current (i.sub.Su) on the primary and secondary side of the reactive-power transformer, and by means of a voltage transformer a system-frequency voltage signal, which is proportional to the system frequency. These two three-phase current and voltage signals are converted into a single direct-voltage signal in a reactive-power meter. An input harmonic of 100 Hz occurs on the output side as a 50 Hz signal which is filtered out in a bandpass filter and, after a +90.degree. phase shift, is added in an adding section to the conventional output signal of the current/voltage controller via a double-sided limiter.
摘要翻译：一种用于在多相交流系统中相对于系统频率衰减至少一个不需要的谐波，特别是二次谐波的方法，其中附加的稳定电路被安装到包括电流/电压控制器的常规电流/电压控制器以及通过无功功率变压器和电流互感器连接到50Hz三相系统的无功功率补偿器中的三相点火脉冲发生器。无功功率补偿器对于三相电流的每相，至少有一个空气扼流圈，其通过电流互感器连接，并且经由另一个总和电流互感器通过交流开关连接到无功功率变压器的次级绕组。此外，无功功率补偿器具有用于三相电流的每相的至少一个电容器组或电容器，其经由电流互感器和交流开关（13）连接到和电流互感器（ 20）。稳定电路测量谐波含量的磁化电流作为无功功率变压器的一次侧和次级侧的补偿电流（iK）与和电流（iSu）之间的差，并通过变压器的系统频率电压信号，与系统频率成正比。这两个三相电流和电压信号在无功功率表中转换为单个直流电压信号。在输出侧出现100Hz的输入谐波作为在带通滤波器中被滤除的50Hz信号，并且在+90°相移之后，在加法部分中加入电流/电压的常规输出信号控制器通过双面限制器。

10. 发明授权

US4647837A Reactive-power compensator for compensating a reactive-current component in an alternating-voltage system 失效
标题翻译：用于补偿交流电压系统中的无功电流分量的无功功率补偿器
公开(公告)号：US4647837A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-03
申请号：US656888
申请日：1984-10-02
申请人： Herbert Stemmler
发明人： Herbert Stemmler
IPC分类号： G05F1/70 , H02J3/18
CPC分类号： H02J3/185 , Y02E40/24
摘要： A reactive-power compensator for compensating a reactive current component in an alternating-voltage system, including a reactive-current converter formed by forced-commutation current converter rectifiers arranged in a current converter bridge circuit, and a smoothing choke used as a termination at the direct-current side of the bridge circuit. The compensator attains constant compensation of both inductive and capactive reactive-current components with clearly reduced system reaction by driving the rectifiers such that the bridge circuit accepts at its input a compensation current in the form of approximately rectangular current pulses having a pulse frequency greater than that of the alternating voltage system. The polarity and width of these current pulses are modulated in accordance with a sine function so that the compensation current is identical in frequency and amplitude with respect to the reactive current component at the system voltage input, but shifted in phase by 180.degree..
摘要翻译：一种用于补偿交流电压系统中的无功电流分量的无功功率补偿器，包括由布置在电流转换器桥电路中的强制换流电流转换器整流器形成的无功电流转换器，以及在该电流转换器桥接电路中用作终端的平滑扼流圈桥电路的直流侧。补偿器通过驱动整流器来实现电感和有功无功电流分量的不间断补偿，明显降低系统反应，使得桥式电路在其输入端接受大体矩形电流脉冲形式的补偿电流，脉冲频率大于的交流电压系统。这些电流脉冲的极性和宽度根据正弦函数进行调制，使得补偿电流的频率和幅度相对于系统电压输入端的无功电流分量相同，但相位相差180°。

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