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1. 发明授权

US4515431A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4515431A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US407136
申请日：1982-08-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Marvin Chodorow , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An optical fiber bidirectional amplifier includes a pair of small diameter optical fibers, arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the frequency of the signal to be amplified. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive indexes of the first and second fibers are substantially identical, but the coupling characteristic provided by the geometrical relationship between the pair of fibers yields a wavelength dependent coupling efficiency. Specifically, the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the pumping source is relatively high, while the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the signal to be amplified is relatively low. Thus, the pumping illumination is coupled from the first fiber to the second fiber to stimulate the doping material in the second fiber, while the signal to be amplified remains relatively uncoupled, and is amplified by the coherent light emitted by the lasing material.
摘要翻译：光纤双向放大器包括一对并排配置的小直径光纤，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有将以信号频率变化的材料放大待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。第一和第二纤维的折射率基本上相同，但由一对纤维之间的几何关系提供的耦合特性产生了与波长相关的耦合效率。具体地说，在泵浦源的波长处的耦合效率相对较高，而要放大的信号的波长的耦合效率相对较低。因此，泵浦照明从第一光纤耦合到第二光纤以刺激第二光纤中的掺杂材料，而待放大的信号保持相对不耦合，并且由激光材料发射的相干光放大。

2. 发明授权

US5177562A Stability compensated broadband source and fiber interferometer 失效
标题翻译：稳定补偿宽带源和光纤干涉仪
公开(公告)号：US5177562A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-05
申请号：US880290
申请日：1992-05-04
申请人： Paul F. Wysocki , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Paul F. Wysocki , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Byoung Y. Kim , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01C19/72 , H01S3/067
CPC分类号： G01B9/0209 , G01C19/721 , H01S3/06795 , G01B2290/70
摘要： The present invention discloses a thermally stable rare-earth doped fiber source comprising an active medium such as Erbium or Neodymium. The thermal stability of the mean wavelength of such a source is determined by three contributions as expressed by the following differential equation: ##EQU1## The first term is the intrinsic temperature dependence of the active medium, the second term is the pump power dependence and the third term is a contribution that arises from the dependence of the emission wavelength on the pump wavelength. The method of the present invention minimizes the temperature dependence on the mean wavelength by using the above equation and optimizing the values of the pump power and the pump wavelength so that the three contributions in the governing equation cancel each other.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种包含铒或钕等活性介质的热稳定性稀土掺杂光纤源。这种源的平均波长的热稳定性由以下微分方程表示的三个贡献确定：第一项是活性介质的固有温度依赖性，第二项是泵浦功率依赖性，第三项是由发射波长对泵浦波长的依赖性引起的贡献。本发明的方法通过使用上述方程使对平均波长的温度依赖性最小化，并优化泵功率和泵浦波长的值，使得控制方程中的三个贡献相互抵消。

3. 发明授权

US4859016A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4859016A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-22
申请号：US137870
申请日：1987-12-22
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , H04B10/17 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094003 , H04B10/291 , H04J14/02 , H01S3/06787 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An amplifier for use with fiber optic systems comprises a neodymium YAG crystal placed in series with a signal-carrying optical fiber. The ND:YAG crystal is supplied by the optical fiber with both the signal to be amplified, and pumping illumination. The pumping illumination is coupled onto the optical fiber by a multiplexing coupler which is used to combine the signal to be amplified and illumination from a pumping illumination source onto a single optical fiber. The pumping illumination inverts the neodymium ions within the ND:YAG crystal. The signal to be amplified propagates through this crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the neodymium ions, resulting in amplification of the signal. Because this arrangement permits the ND:YAG crystal to be end-pumped with pumping illumination, and because the length of the ND:YAG crystal may be substantially greater that the absorption length for the crystal at the wavelength of the pumping illumination, virtually all of the pumping illumination may be absorbed within the ND:YAG crystal and used for amplification of the signal carried by the optical fiber.
摘要翻译：用于光纤系统的放大器包括与信号承载光纤串联放置的钕YAG晶体。 ND：YAG晶体由光纤提供，同时具有要放大的信号和泵浦照明。泵浦照明通过复用耦合器耦合到光纤上，复用耦合器用于将待放大的信号和来自泵浦照明源的照明组合到单个光纤上。泵浦照明反转ND：YAG晶体内的钕离子。要放大的信号通过该晶体传播，以刺激来自钕离子的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。因为这种布置允许ND：YAG晶体在泵浦照明下被端泵浦，并且因为ND：YAG晶体的长度可能显着大于泵浦照明波长处的晶体的吸收长度，实际上全部泵浦照明可以在ND：YAG晶体内被吸收，并用于放大由光纤承载的信号。

4. 发明授权

US4674830A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4674830A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-23
申请号：US554888
申请日：1983-11-25
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/17 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0933 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/23 , H03F3/08 , H03F3/18 , H04B10/17 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 , H01S3/094003 , H04B10/291 , H01S3/06787 , H01S3/094011
摘要： An amplifier for use with fiber optic systems comprises a neodymium YAG crystal placed in series with a signal-carrying optical fiber. The ND:YAG crystal is supplied by the optical fiber with both the signal to be amplified, and pumping illumination. The pumping illumination is coupled onto the optical fiber by a multiplexing coupler which is used to combine the signal to be amplified and illumination from a pumping illumination source onto a single optical fiber. The pumping illumination inverts the neodymium ions within the ND:YAG crystal. The signal to be amplified propagates through this crystal to stimulate emission of coherent light from the neodymium ions, resulting in amplification of the signal. Because this arrangement permits the ND:YAG crystal to be end-pumped with pumping illumination, and because the length of the ND:YAG crystal may be substantially greater than the absorption length for the crystal at the wavelength of the pumping illumination, virtually all of the pumping illumination may be absorbed within the ND:YAG crystal and used for amplification of the signal carried by the optical fiber.
摘要翻译：用于光纤系统的放大器包括与信号承载光纤串联放置的钕YAG晶体。 ND：YAG晶体由光纤提供，同时具有要放大的信号和泵浦照明。泵浦照明通过复用耦合器耦合到光纤上，复用耦合器用于将待放大的信号和来自泵浦照明源的照明组合到单个光纤上。泵浦照明反转ND：YAG晶体内的钕离子。要放大的信号通过该晶体传播，以刺激来自钕离子的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。因为这种布置允许ND：YAG晶体在泵浦照明下被端泵浦，并且由于ND：YAG晶体的长度可能显着大于在泵浦照明的波长处的晶体的吸收长度，所以实际上所有泵浦照明可以在ND：YAG晶体内被吸收，并用于放大由光纤承载的信号。

5. 发明授权

US5311525A Nonlinear optical coupler using a doped optical waveguide 失效
标题翻译：使用掺杂光波导的非线性光耦合器
公开(公告)号：US5311525A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-10
申请号：US861322
申请日：1992-03-31
申请人： Richard H. Pantell , Robert W. Sadowski , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Richard H. Pantell , Robert W. Sadowski , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , G02F1/365 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/07 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： G02F1/365 , G02F1/3521 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/06783
摘要： An optical mode coupling apparatus includes an Erbium-doped optical waveguide in which an optical signal at a signal wavelength propagates in a first spatial propagation mode and a second spatial propagation mode of the waveguide. The optical signal propagating in the waveguide has a beat length. The coupling apparatus includes a pump source of perturbational light signal at a perturbational wavelength that propagates in the waveguide in the first spatial propagation mode. The perturbational signal has a sufficient intensity distribution in the waveguide that it causes a perturbation of the effective refractive index of the first spatial propagation mode of the waveguide in accordance with the optical Kerr effect. The perturbation of the effective refractive index of the first spatial propagation mode of the optical waveguide causes a change in the differential phase delay in the optical signal propagating in the first and second spatial propagation modes. The change in the differential phase delay is detected as a change in the intensity distribution between two lobes of the optical intensity distribution pattern of an output signal. The perturbational light signal can be selectively enabled and disabled to selectively change the intensity distribution in the two lobes of the optical intensity distribution pattern.
摘要翻译：光模耦合装置包括铒掺杂光波导，其中信号波长的光信号以波导的第一空间传播模式和第二空间传播模式传播。在波导中传播的光信号具有拍子长度。耦合装置包括在扰动波长处的扰动光信号的泵浦源，其在第一空间传播模式中在波导中传播。扰动信号在波导中具有足够的强度分布，其根据光学克尔效应引起波导的第一空间传播模式的有效折射率的扰动。光波导的第一空间传播模式的有效折射率的扰动导致在第一和第二空间传播模式中传播的光信号中的差分相位延迟的变化。差分相位延迟的变化被检测为输出信号的光强度分布图案的两个波瓣之间的强度分布的变化。扰动光信号可以选择性地启用和禁用，以选择性地改变光强度分布图案的两个波瓣中的强度分布。

6. 发明授权

US5048026A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US5048026A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US191770
申请日：1988-05-04
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/0941
CPC分类号： H01S3/0941 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/06745 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A side pumped, fiber optic amplifier comprises an optical fiber, having a first refractive index, formed of a laser material, such as Nd:YAG. A jacket, which surrounds the optical fiber, has a second refractive index, lower than the first refractive index. This jacket is cone shaped and tapers from a large end to a small end. High power laser diodes are mounted on the large end to introduce pump light to pump the optical fiber material. The cone-shaped jacket focuses this pump light to an interaction region at the small end, where the jacket material is quite thin, e.g. on the same order of magnitude as the diameter of the optical fiber. The focused light is absorbed by the optical fiber in this interaction region, and causes an electronic population inversion in the laser fiber material. A signal propagating through the optical fiber stimulates spontaneous emission from the optically excited laser material, thereby resulting in amplification of the signal.
摘要翻译：侧泵浦的光纤放大器包括具有第一折射率的光纤，由诸如Nd：YAG的激光材料形成。围绕光纤的护套具有比第一折射率低的第二折射率。这件夹克是锥形的，从大端到小端渐缩。大功率激光二极管安装在大端，引入泵浦光来泵浦光纤材料。锥形护套将该泵浦光聚焦到小端的相互作用区域，其中护套材料相当薄，例如，与光纤的直径相同的数量级。聚焦光在该相互作用区域被光纤吸收，并导致激光纤维材料中的电子群体反转。通过光纤传播的信号刺激光激发激光材料的自发发射，从而导致信号的放大。

7. 发明授权

US4738503A In-line fiber optic memory 失效
标题翻译：在线光纤存储器
公开(公告)号：US4738503A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-19
申请号：US828782
申请日：1986-02-12
申请人： Emmanuel Desurvire , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Emmanuel Desurvire , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/24 , G02B6/28 , G02F1/35 , G11C21/00 , H01S3/00 , H01S3/30 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： G02B6/24 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2861 , G11C21/00 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/302 , G02F2203/54 , H01S2301/08 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A fiber optic recirculating memory comprises a splice-free length of optical fiber which forms a loop that is optically closed by means of a fiber optic coupler. The coupler couples an optical signal input pulse to the loop for circulation therein, and outputs a portion of the signal pulse on each circulation to provide a series of output pulses. A pump source is included to pump the fiber loop with a pump signal having sufficient intensity to cause stimulated Raman scattering in the fiber loop, and thereby cause amplification of the circulating signal pulse. The fiber characteristics, coupler characteristics, and a pump power are selected to yield a Raman gain which compensates for the total round-trip losses in the fiber loop, so as to provide an output pulse train of constant amplitude pulses. The invention may be implemented utilizing a standard coupler with a pump signal modulation technique. The pump signal is input to the loop as a series of pulses having a duration and a periodicity chosen to prevent overlap of recirculating pump pulses with input pump pulses until at least two circulations of the loop, which minimizes pump power fluctuations and will therefore enhance output signal stability.
摘要翻译：光纤再循环存储器包括无接头长度的光纤，其形成通过光纤耦合器光闭合的环路。耦合器将光信号输入脉冲耦合到环路以在其中循环，并且在每个循环上输出信号脉冲的一部分以提供一系列输出脉冲。包括泵浦源以用具有足够强度的泵浦信号泵送光纤环，以在光纤回路中引起受激拉曼散射，从而引起循环信号脉冲的放大。选择光纤特性，耦合器特性和泵浦功率以产生拉曼增益，其补偿光纤环路中的总往返损耗，从而提供恒定幅度脉冲的输出脉冲串。本发明可以利用具有泵浦信号调制技术的标准耦合器来实现。泵浦信号作为一系列具有持续时间和周期性的脉冲输入到循环中，以防止循环泵浦脉冲与输入泵浦脉冲的重叠，直到循环的至少两个循环，这最小化泵浦功率波动并且因此将增强输出信号稳定。

8. 发明授权

US4556279A Passive fiber optic multiplexer 失效
标题翻译：被动光纤复用器
公开(公告)号：US4556279A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-03
申请号：US319301
申请日：1981-11-09
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet
IPC分类号： G02B6/24 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G02B27/10 , G02B7/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/29332 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/2938 , G02B6/29395
摘要： A passive, frequency selective, fiber optic multiplexer, comprises a directional coupler in which a pair of single mode optical fibers are accurately positioned to provide evanescent field coupling, typically by polishing a portion of the cladding from each of said fibers to place the respective cores of said fibers within the evanescent field of light in the other fiber. The coupling efficiency of a coupler constructed in this manner is wavelength dependent, and provides over-coupling, that is, the capability of transferring light, virtually entirely, back and forth between the fibers within the coupler. The wavelength dependent nature of the evanescent field coupling permits multiplexing, specifically between a pair of wavelengths, one of which is coupled in its entirety from a first fiber to a second fiber, and the other of which is essentially uncoupled. By increasing the number of total transfers of the light signals between the pair of fibers, the frequency resolution of the multiplexer may be optimized for light signals of virtually any frequency separation.
摘要翻译：无源频率选择性光纤多路复用器包括定向耦合器，其中一对单模光纤被精确地定位以提供渐逝场耦合，通常通过从每个所述光纤抛光一部分包层以放置相应的芯的纤维在另一纤维中的消逝光场内。以这种方式构造的耦合器的耦合效率是波长相关的，并且提供过耦合，即在耦合器内的光纤之间实际上完全传输光的能力。消逝场耦合的波长依赖性允许多路复用，特别是在一对波长之间进行多路复用，其中一个波长的整体由第一光纤耦合到第二光纤，另一个基本上是耦合的。通过增加一对光纤之间的光信号的总传输次数，多路复用器的频率分辨率可以针对几乎任何频率间隔的光信号进行优化。

9. 发明授权

US4553238A Fiber optic amplifier 失效
标题翻译：光纤放大器
公开(公告)号：US4553238A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-12
申请号：US537493
申请日：1983-09-30
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Robert A. Lacy
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Robert A. Lacy
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/287 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/091 , H01S3/0915 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094069
摘要： A pair of small diameter optical fibers are arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a passive guide for pump light, and the second fiber formed of a material, such as Nd:YAG which has amplifying properties at the signal frequency. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber from the active material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The first fiber is pumped from one or both ends, utilizing a cone shaped rod which is optically coupled thereto. A large diameter beam of collimated pump light enters the cone shaped rod, where total internal reflections on the cone walls compress the beam to a small, fiber-size diameter for absorption by the active fiber. The light input to the cone-shaped rod is produced by plural, high power laser diodes, and is collimated by microlenses. By utilizing the cone-shaped rod to couple light from the high power diode lasers to the pump fiber, high pump power densities can be achieved, yielding increased amplification.
摘要翻译：一对小直径光纤配置成并排配置，第一光纤提供泵浦光的被动导向器，第二光纤由诸如Nd：YAG的材料形成，该材料在信号处具有放大特性频率。要被放大的信号通过第二光纤从活性材料传播，导致信号的放大。第一纤维从一端或两端泵送，利用光学耦合到其上的锥形杆。准直泵浦光的大直径光束进入锥形棒，锥形壁上的全部内部反射将光束压缩至较小的纤维尺寸直径，以被有源光纤吸收。输入到锥形杆的光由多个高功率激光二极管产生，并被微透镜准直。通过利用锥形杆将来自大功率二极管激光器的光耦合到泵浦光纤，可以实现高泵功率密度，产生增加的放大。

10. 发明授权

US4964131A Broadband optical fiber laser 失效
标题翻译：宽带光纤激光器
公开(公告)号：US4964131A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-16
申请号：US319241
申请日：1989-03-09
申请人： Karen Liu , Byoung Y. Kim , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Karen Liu , Byoung Y. Kim , Michel J. F. Digonnet , Kenneth A. Fesler , Herbert J. Shaw
IPC分类号： G01C19/72 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/0941
CPC分类号： G01C19/721 , H01S3/06795 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/094003
摘要： An optical fiber laser includes a single-mode optical fiber doped with a lasing material such as Neodymium. The optical fiber is pumped with a pump optical signal having a pump wavelength selected to cause spontaneous emission of an optical signal at a second wavelength different from the pump wavelength. The optical fiber is formed into a laser cavity such as by including a suitable reflector at each of the two ends of a suitable length of the optical fiber so that the emitted optical signal oscillates therein. One of the reflectors has a reflectivity at the wavelength of the emitted light so that most (e.g., approximately 95%) of the emitted light is reflected back into the laser cavity and a smaller portion (e.g, approximately 5%) is transmitted through the mirror as a laser output signal. Alternatively, the optical fiber can be formed into a ring laser structure using an optical coupler that couples a substantial portion (e.g., approximately 95%) of the emitted light back into the ring for recirculation therein and provides a smaller portion of the emitted light (e.g., approximately 5%) as a laser output signal. The wavelength of the pump optical signal is selected to be outside the pump variable tuning range of the Neodymium-doped optical fiber (i.e., the range of pump wavelengths which stimulate emitted wavelengths having a average wavelengths with a generally one-to-one correspondence to the pump wavelength). Pumping with a pump signal outside the pump variable tuning ranges causes the emitted light to have a broad spectral envelope of longitudinal modes having emission wavelengths corresponding to substantially all the pump variable tuning range. Thus, by pumping the optical fiber with a single pump wavelength, a broadband laser output signal is generated.
摘要翻译：光纤激光器包括掺杂有诸如钕的激光材料的单模光纤。用选择了泵浦波长的泵浦光信号来泵浦光纤，以引起与泵浦波长不同的第二波长的光信号的自发发射。光纤被形成为激光腔，例如通过在光纤的适当长度的两端中的每一端包括合适的反射器，使得所发射的光信号在其中振荡。反射器中的一个在发射光的波长处具有反射率，使得大部分（例如，大约95％）的发射光被反射回到激光腔中，并且较小的部分（例如，大约5％）通过镜像为激光输出信号。或者，可以使用光耦合器将光纤形成为环形激光器结构，所述光耦合器将发射的光的大部分（例如，大约95％）重新连接到环中以在其中再循环，并且提供较小部分的发射光例如约5％）作为激光输出信号。泵浦光信号的波长被选择在掺杂钕光纤的泵可变调谐范围之外（即，泵浦波长的范围，其激发平均波长与一般一一对应的发射波长泵浦波长）。在泵可变调谐范围之外用泵浦信号泵送使得发射的光具有宽泛的光谱包络，其具有与基本上所有泵可变调谐范围对应的发射波长的纵向模式。因此，通过用单个泵浦波长泵浦光纤，产生宽带激光输出信号。

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