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1. 发明授权

US06392235B1 Coded-aperture system for planar imaging of volumetric sources 有权
标题翻译：用于体积源平面成像的编码孔径系统
公开(公告)号：US06392235B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09504417
申请日：2000-02-15
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett , Eric Clarkson , Donald W. Wilson
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett , Eric Clarkson , Donald W. Wilson
IPC分类号： G01T1161
CPC分类号： G01T1/295
摘要： A coded aperture is placed in proximity of a patient's body and a 2D coded image is acquired in conventional manner. The basic data-acquisition geometry is similar to that used in various coded-aperture systems. According to one aspect of the invention, additional coded images are acquired with different spacings between the aperture and the detector. Alternatively, additional coded images could be acquired with multiple movable apertures or by varying the location of the aperture relative to a patient. Another aspect of the invention resides in the recognition that presently available computer algorithms can process these multiple coded images in such a way as to estimate the integrals of the 3D object over a set of parallel cylindrical tubes extending through the volume of the target object. Such “tube integrals” can be thought of as the output of an ideal collimator where the sensitivity is confined to a tubular region of constant cross-section.
摘要翻译：编码孔径放置在患者身体附近，并且以常规方式获取2D编码图像。基本的数据采集几何与在各种编码孔径系统中使用的几何相似。根据本发明的一个方面，在孔径和检测器之间采用不同间隔的附加编码图像。或者，可以利用多个可移动孔或通过改变孔相对于患者的位置来获取附加编码图像。本发明的另一方面在于认识到目前可用的计算机算法可以以这样的方式处理这些多个编码图像，以便通过延伸穿过目标对象的体积的一组平行圆柱形管来估计3D对象的积分。这种“管积分”可以被认为是理想准直器的输出，其中灵敏度被限制在恒定横截面的管状区域。

2. 发明申请

US20090009717A1 INVERSE OPTICAL DESIGN 有权
标题翻译：反光设计
公开(公告)号：US20090009717A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-08
申请号：US12139602
申请日：2008-06-16
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett , Julia A. Sakamoto , Alexander V. Goncharov
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett , Julia A. Sakamoto , Alexander V. Goncharov
IPC分类号： A61B3/10
CPC分类号： A61B3/1015
摘要： An imaging apparatus for simultaneously determining optical parameters of the eye comprising: a light source for illuminating at least a portion of the eye pupil; an illumination optical system for directing light rays emitted from the light source into the eye; a light receiving optical system for guiding the light rays reflected from the eye to a detector unit, wherein the detector unit detects an image intensity distribution from the light rays reflected from the eye; and an arithmetic unit for determining optical characteristics of the eye by parameter estimation is provided.
摘要翻译：一种用于同时确定眼睛光学参数的成像装置，包括：用于照射眼睛瞳孔的至少一部分的光源; 用于将从光源发射的光线引导到眼睛中的照明光学系统; 用于将从眼睛反射的光线引导到检测器单元的光接收光学系统，其中所述检测器单元从所述眼睛反射的光线检测图像强度分布; 并提供用于通过参数估计来确定眼睛的光学特性的算术单元。

3. 发明授权

US4017730A Radiographic imaging system for high energy radiation 失效
标题翻译：高能量辐射射线成像系统
公开(公告)号：US4017730A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-12
申请号：US649878
申请日：1976-01-16
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , G01T1/166
CPC分类号： G01T1/295
摘要： A radiographic imaging system for high energy radiation utilizing a detector of such radiation and a mask having regions relatively transparent to such radiation interspersed among regions relatively opaque to such radiation. A relative motion is imparted between the mask and the detector, the detector providing a time varying signal in response to the incident radiation and in response to the relative motion. The time varying signal provides, with the aid of a decoder, an image of a source of such radiation.
摘要翻译：用于利用这种辐射的检测器的高能量辐射的放射线照相成像系统和具有散布在对这种辐射相对不透明的区域之间的这种辐射相对透明的区域的掩模。在掩模和检测器之间施加相对运动，检测器响应入射辐射并响应于相对运动而提供时变信号。时变信号借助于解码器提供这种辐射源的图像。

4. 发明授权

US5825033A Signal processing method for gamma-ray semiconductor sensor 失效
标题翻译：伽马射线半导体传感器的信号处理方法
公开(公告)号：US5825033A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US742252
申请日：1996-10-31
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett , Daniel G. Marks , H. Bradford Barber , Joshua D. Eskin
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett , Daniel G. Marks , H. Bradford Barber , Joshua D. Eskin
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , G01T1/24
CPC分类号： H01L27/14658
摘要： A CdZnTe detector array with pixel electrodes indium-bump-bonded to a multiplexer readout circuit. The pixel size is selected so as to minimize the effect of hole trapping while ensuring that all interacting electrons deposit their energy in a designated central pixel. The readout is carried out either when a gamma-ray interaction event occurs or at time intervals likely to produce no more than one event of photon interaction at any given pixel. The readout signal for each pixel is compared to a corresponding threshold signal to identify clusters of adjacent pixels having an above-threshold signal. Then, a central pixel is designated for each cluster, the signals from a predetermined number of pixels in and/or neighboring the cluster are added to produce a cumulative signal, and the cumulative signal is assigned to the designated central pixel. The cumulative signals so produced and the positions of corresponding central pixels are then processed to generate an image of the gamma-ray emitting source. According to other embodiments of the invention, the signals from a predetermined number of pixels in and/or neighboring the clusters are used to estimate spatial coordinates and energy of each interaction event or to estimate the spatial and energy distribution of the fluence of events of gamma-ray interaction with the detector.
摘要翻译：具有像素电极的CdZnTe检测器阵列铟凸块结合到多路复用器读出电路。选择像素尺寸以便最小化空穴捕获的影响，同时确保所有相互作用的电子将其能量沉积在指定的中心像素中。当发生伽马射线相互作用事件时或者在任何给定像素处可能产生不超过一个光子相互作用事件的时间间隔进行读出。将每个像素的读出信号与对应的阈值信号进行比较，以识别具有高于阈值信号的相邻像素的簇。然后，为每个簇指定中心像素，将来自簇内和/或相邻簇中的预定数量像素的信号相加以产生累积信号，并将累积信号分配给指定的中心像素。然后处理如此产生的累积信号和对应的中心像素的位置以产生伽马射线发射源的图像。根据本发明的其它实施例，使用来自群集内和/或相邻群集中的预定数量像素的信号来估计每个交互事件的空间坐标和能量，或者估计伽马事件的能量密度的空间和能量分布与检测器的相互作用。

5. 发明授权

US4514632A Modular scintillation camera 失效
标题翻译：模块式闪烁相机
公开(公告)号：US4514632A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-30
申请号：US324464
申请日：1981-11-24
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , G01T1/202 , G01T1/29
CPC分类号： G01T1/295 , G01T1/2002 , G01T1/202
摘要： Improved optical coupling modules to be used in coded-aperture-type radiographic imaging systems. In a first system, a rotating slit coded-aperture is employed between the radioactive object and the module. The module consists of one pair of side-by-side photomultipliers receiving light rays from a scintillation crystal exposed to the object via the coded-aperture. The light rays are guided to the photomultipliers by a mask having a central transverse transparent window, or by a cylindrical lens, the mask or lens being mounted in a light-conveying quartz block assembly providing internal reflections at opposite faces of the assembly. This generates output signals from the photomultipliers which can be utilized to compute one-dimensional coordinate values for restoring the image of the radioactive object on a display screen. In another form of optical coupling module, usable with other types of coded-apertures, four square photomultipliers form a substantially square block and receive light rays from scintillations from a scintillation crystal exposed to the radioactive object via the coded-aperture. The light rays are guided to the photomultipliers by a square mask or a centrally transparent square lens configuration mounted in a light-conveying assembly formed by internally reflecting quartz blocks, the optical rays being directed to the respective photomultipliers so as to generate resultant output signals which can be utilized to compute image coordinate values for two-dimensional representation of the radioactive object being examined.
摘要翻译：改进的光耦合模块用于编码孔径型射线照相成像系统。在第一系统中，在放射性物体和模块之间采用旋转狭缝编码孔径。该模块由一对并排光电倍增器组成，该光电倍增器通过编码孔径接收来自暴露于物体的闪烁晶体的光线。光线通过具有中央横向透明窗口的掩模或通过柱面透镜被引导到光电倍增管，掩模或透镜被安装在提供组件相对面处的内部反射的光输送石英块组件中。这产生来自光电倍增器的输出信号，其可用于计算用于在显示屏上恢复放射性物体的图像的一维坐标值。在与其他类型的编码孔径一起使用的另一种形式的光耦合模块中，四个正方形的光电倍增器形成基本上正方形的块，并且经由编码孔径接收来自暴露于放射性物体的闪烁晶体的闪烁的光线。光线通过安装在通过内部反射石英块形成的光输送组件中的方形掩模或中心透明的方形透镜构造被引导到光电倍增管，光线被引导到相应的光电倍增管，以便产生合成的输出信号，可以用于计算被检查的放射性物质的二维表示的图像坐标值。

6. 发明授权

US4331877A Transverse tomography with optical filtering 失效
标题翻译：横向断层扫描与光学滤波
公开(公告)号：US4331877A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-25
申请号：US132562
申请日：1980-03-21
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett , William Swindell , Scott Gordon , John E. Greivenkamp, Jr.
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett , William Swindell , Scott Gordon , John E. Greivenkamp, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B6/02 , H04N5/32 , A61B6/00 , G06F15/42
CPC分类号： A61B6/025 , H04N5/32 , Y10S378/901
摘要： The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for generating a two-dimensional back-projected image of a slice of an object, and also to an optical filtering apparatus and method which, inter alia, is useful therein. Successive beams of light are generated, each having a narrow elongated cross-section with an optical intensity that is a function of the density characteristic of the slice of the object as measured at a particular relative rotational angle. The beams are optically filtered and spread in a direction transverse to their length. Optical filtering with a filter function having both positive and negative components is preferably performed using a single-channel time modulated technique. A television camera receives the spread filtered beams. Relative rotation is effected between the beams and the camera, the rotation being related to the relative rotational angles of the object associated with the generation of the successive beams of light. A digital frame store accumulates the intensities sensed at elemental areas of the image sensing means. The accumulated intensities comprise a two-dimensional back-projected image of the slice of the object which can then be displayed on a television display. In a further form of the disclosure, back-projected images are obtained using an optical "loop" processor which employs a single-channel time modulated filtering technique.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及一种用于生成物体的切片的二维背投影图像的装置和方法，并且还涉及一种其中有用的光学滤波装置和方法。产生相继的光束，每个光束具有窄的细长横截面，其光强度是在特定相对旋转角度下测量的物体切片的密度特性的函数。光束被光学滤波并且在横向于其长度的方向上展开。具有具有正和负分量的滤波器功能的光滤波优选地使用单通道时间调制技术来执行。电视摄像机接收扩展的滤波光束。在光束和照相机之间进行相对旋转，旋转与与连续光束的产生相关联的物体的相对旋转角度相关。数字帧存储器累积在图像感测装置的元素区域处感测的强度。累积的强度包括物体的切片的二维后投影图像，然后可以将其显示在电视显示器上。在本公开的另一形式中，使用采用单通道时间调制滤波技术的光学“环”处理器来获得背投影图像。

7. 发明授权

US4158770A Radiographic imaging system 失效
标题翻译：射线成像系统
公开(公告)号：US4158770A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-19
申请号：US866892
申请日：1978-01-03
申请人： Luther Davis, Jr. , Harrison H. Barrett
发明人： Luther Davis, Jr. , Harrison H. Barrett
IPC分类号： G03B42/02 , G03B41/16
CPC分类号： G03B42/02
摘要： A system for imaging a subject, such as a human being, in which there has been injected a contrast agent which absorbs radiation of a predetermined frequency. The system utilizes a source of high energy radiation such as X or gamma radiation. The source is a composite of first and second radiating materials each of which is arranged in a predetermined pattern or code, each pattern having both luminous and dark regions. In one embodiment, the luminous regions of one pattern are in registration with the dark regions of the other pattern, these regions being spaced apart in an alternative embodiment. The characteristic frequencies of radiation emitted by the first and second materials are respectively lower and higher than the predetermined absorption frequency. A detector of radiation is positioned relative to the subject and the source such that radiation propagating through the subject is incident upon the detector. Since the absorption edge of the contrast agent lies between the two characteristic frequencies of radiation, radiation from the second material is preferentially absorbed by the contrast agent with the result that the contrast agent appears to be illuminated by a coded source while the remainder of the subject may be regarded as illuminated essentially by a uniform uncoded source. Imaging is accomplished by a decoding of a detected coded image. Substances within the subject having other absorption frequencies are not imaged since the radiations of both materials are essentially equally absorbed by the subject so that the source appears uncoded.
摘要翻译：一种用于对诸如人类的对象成像的系统，其中已经注入了吸收预定频率的辐射的造影剂。该系统利用诸如X或γ辐射的高能辐射源。源是第一和第二辐射材料的复合材料，其每一个以预定图案或代码布置，每个图案都具有发光和暗区域。在一个实施例中，一个图案的发光区域与另一图案的暗区对准，这些区域在替代实施例中间隔开。由第一和第二材料发射的辐射的特征频率分别低于和高于预定吸收频率。辐射检测器相对于被摄体和源定位，使得传播通过被摄体的辐射入射到检测器上。由于造影剂的吸收边缘位于辐射的两个特征频率之间，所以来自第二材料的辐射优先被造影剂吸收，结果造影剂似乎被编码源照射，而对象的其余部分可以被认为基本上由统一的未编码源照亮。通过对检测到的编码图像的解码来实现成像。具有其他吸收频率的受试者内的物质不被成像，因为两种材料的辐射基本上被受试者同等地吸收，使得源未显现。

8. 发明授权

US5602643A Method and apparatus for correcting surface profiles determined by phase-shifting interferometry according to optical parameters of test surface 失效
标题翻译：根据测试表面的光学参数，通过相移干涉测量法校正表面轮廓的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5602643A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US597796
申请日：1996-02-07
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01B11/30
CPC分类号： G01B11/306 , G01B9/02022 , G01B2290/50 , G01B2290/70
摘要： An improvement to phase-shifting interferometry that consists of the addition of a pupil mask with two parallel slits and a polarizer in the optical path of a conventional phase-shifting interferometer. The pupil-mask/polarizer combination is adapted to produce a linearly polarized wavefront of light reaching the sample surface at a predetermined angle of incidence, thereby producing a corresponding phase shift on reflection. The relative orientation of the mask and polarizer can be changed to take measurements with the polarizer parallel or perpendicular to the mask slits, in each case producing a phase shift on reflection related to the test sample's refractive index and extinction coefficient. Four phase-shifting measurements conducted at .pi./2 intervals for each polarization axis yield sufficient interferometric information to map n, k and the height profile of the sample surface. The preferred mask consists of an opaque disk structure having two opposite annular slits approximately 90-degrees wide and with an outer annular radius approximately twice the size of the inner annular radius.
摘要翻译：对相移干涉测量的改进，其包括在常规移相干涉仪的光路中添加具有两个平行狭缝的光瞳罩和偏振器。瞳孔掩模/偏振器组合适于产生以预定入射角到达样品表面的光的线偏振波前，从而在反射上产生相应的相移。可以改变掩模和偏振器的相对取向以使偏振器平行或垂直于掩模狭缝进行测量，在每种情况下产生与测试样品的折射率和消光系数相关的反射相移。对于每个偏振轴，以pi / 2间隔进行四次相移测量产生足够的干涉信息以映射样品表面的n，k和高度分布。优选的掩模由不透明的盘结构组成，其具有大约90度宽的两个相对的环形狭缝，其外环形半径大约是内环形半径大小的两倍。

9. 发明授权

US4092540A Radiographic camera with internal mask 失效
标题翻译：内窥镜摄像机
公开(公告)号：US4092540A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-30
申请号：US735476
申请日：1976-10-26
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/29 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , G01T1/295
摘要： A radiographic camera having a scintillator and an array of photodetectors positioned for viewing a common region of the scintillator, and wherein a mask system is interposed between the scintillator and the array of photodetectors for increasing the resolution of an image produced by the camera. The mask system has a pair of mask plates which are spaced apart and have similar formats of opaque materials thereon. The mask system provides a more rapid variaton in the intensity of light received at a photodetector as a function of locations of scintillations on the scintillator. A reference signal source providing a signal pattern in accordance with the intensity variation is utilized for decoding shadows cast by the mask to produce the image.
摘要翻译：一种放射摄影照相机，具有闪烁体和光电检测器阵列，其定位用于观察闪烁体的公共区域，并且其中掩模系统插入在闪烁体和光电检测器阵列之间，以增加由照相机产生的图像的分辨率。掩模系统具有间隔开的并具有类似形式的不透明材料的一对掩模板。掩模系统提供在光电检测器处接收的光的强度的更快速变化，作为闪烁体上的闪烁位置的函数。提供根据强度变化的信号图案的参考信号源被用于解码由掩模投射的阴影以产生图像。

10. 发明授权

US4023036A Apparatus and method for transverse tomography 失效
标题翻译：横断层摄影的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4023036A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-10
申请号：US587352
申请日：1975-06-16
申请人： Harrison H. Barrett , Scott Gordon
发明人： Harrison H. Barrett , Scott Gordon
IPC分类号： A61B6/02 , H01J39/12 , G01N23/04
CPC分类号： A61B6/025 , Y10S378/901
摘要： An apparatus and method for generating a two-dimensional back-projected image of a slice of an object. In accordance with the invention there is provided a carrier means having a plurality of substantially parallel elongated projections thereon, each projection having an optical characteristic (transmissivity or reflectivity) representing the density characteristic of said slice of the object as measured at a particular relative rotational angle. Means are provided for imaging successive sinusoidal patterns on the carrier means, the successive sinusoidal patterns being imaged at a predetermined rate. Photodetector means are responsive to the imaged sinusoidal patterns. Finally, a display or recording means, synchronized at the predetermined rate, is responsive to the output of the photodetector for displaying the back-projected image. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the carrier means is a cylindrical film having projections thereon with transmissivities that represent the density characteristic of the slice of the object under consideration. In this embodiment, means are provided for uniformly illuminating the projections and optical mask means are provided in spaced relation to the cylindrical film and operative to image portions of the projections on the cylindrical film. Means are provided for rotating the cylindrical film on its axis so that the mask means continuously images different groups of projections on the film. Means are also provided for effecting relative angular motion between the mask means and the axis of the cylindrical film, whereby the mask means continuously images varying portions of the cylindrical film, the variation being along the axial direction thereof. In this embodiment the display means is synchronized with the rotational rate of the cylindrical film and with the effective angular displacement rate between the mask means and the axis of the cylindrical film.
摘要翻译：一种用于生成物体的切片的二维后投影图像的装置和方法。根据本发明，提供了一种在其上具有多个基本上平行的细长突起的载体装置，每个突起具有表示在特定相对旋转角度测量的物体的所述切片的密度特性的光学特性（透射率或反射率）。提供了用于对载体装置上的连续正弦图案进行成像的装置，以预定速率对连续的正弦图案进行成像。光检测器装置对所成像的正弦曲线图进行响应。最后，以预定速率同步的显示或记录装置响应于用于显示反投影图像的光电检测器的输出。在本发明的优选实施例中，载体装置是其上具有突起的圆柱形膜，透射率表示所考虑的物体的切片的密度特性。在该实施例中，设置用于均匀地照射突起的装置，并且光学掩模装置以与圆柱形膜隔开的关系设置并且可操作以对圆柱形膜上的突起进行成像。提供了用于在其轴线上旋转圆柱形膜的装置，使得掩模装置连续地在胶片上成像不同的突起组。还提供了用于实现掩模装置和圆柱形膜的轴线之间的相对角运动的装置，由此掩模装置连续地对圆筒形膜的变化部分进行成像，该变化沿其轴向方向。在该实施例中，显示装置与圆筒形薄膜的旋转速率和掩模装置与圆柱形薄膜的轴线之间的有效角位移速率同步。

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