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1. 发明授权

US4846940A Electrolytically deposited hard chronium coatings 失效
标题翻译：电解沉积硬的时代涂料
公开(公告)号：US4846940A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-11
申请号：US148174
申请日：1988-01-22
申请人： Hans-Jochem Neuhauser , Ulrich Buran , Rudolf Linde
发明人： Hans-Jochem Neuhauser , Ulrich Buran , Rudolf Linde
IPC分类号： C25D3/04 , C25D5/48 , C25D15/00 , C25D15/02
CPC分类号： C25D15/02
摘要： Solid particles of primarily hard substances, solid lubricants, ductile metals or their alloys and/or molten polymers are embedded in a network of cracks of hard chromium coatings to attain improved physical characteristics, primarily to increase wear resistance, sliding behavior, ductility and corrosion resistance.The chrome plating process takes place in a microcrack-forming chrome-plating electrolyte with solid particles dispersed therein and with one-time or repeated current reversal so that, if the workpiece is connected to the anode, the network of microcracks in the chromium coating is widened and solid particles are embedded within the cracks. Preferred uses are as coatings on the bearing surfaces of piston rings or cylinder bearing sleeves for internal-combustion engines.
摘要翻译：主要硬物质固体颗粒，固体润滑剂，延性金属或其合金和/或熔融聚合物嵌入硬铬涂层的裂纹网络中，以获得改善的物理特性，主要是为了提高耐磨性，滑动性能，延展性和耐腐蚀性。镀铬过程在具有分散在其中的固体颗粒的微裂纹形成的镀铬电解质中进行，并且具有一次或反复电流反转，使得如果工件连接到阳极，则铬涂层中的微裂纹网络是加宽和固体颗粒嵌入裂缝内。优选的用途是用于内燃机的活塞环或气缸轴承套的轴承表面上的涂层。

2. 发明授权

US07699970B2 Production of structured hard chrome layers 有权
标题翻译：生产结构化硬铬层
公开(公告)号：US07699970B2
公开(公告)日：2010-04-20
申请号：US10536665
申请日：2003-09-18
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth
IPC分类号： C25D3/10 , C25D3/04
CPC分类号： C25D3/10 , Y10T428/12389 , Y10T428/12396 , Y10T428/12486 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12535 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/12847 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： A method of producing a structured hard chrome layer is described, wherein chromium is deposited from an electrolyte onto a workpiece, said electrolyte containing: (a) a Cr (VI) compound in an amount corresponding to 50 g/l to 600 g/l of chromic acid anhydride (b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l of sulphuric acid; (c) 1 g/l to 20 g/l of aliphatic sulphonic acid, comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and (d) 10 g/l to 200 g/l of at least one compound forming a dense cathode film, said compound being selected from among ammonium molybdate, alkali molybdate and alkaline earth molybdate, ammonium vanadate, alkali vanadate and alkaline earth vanadate, ammonium zirconate, alkali zirconate and alkaline earth zirconate. Further, the application relates to a structured hard chrome layer obtained according to said method and to an electrolyte for carrying out said method.
摘要翻译：描述了一种制备结晶硬铬层的方法，其中铬从电解质沉积到工件上，所述电解质包含：（a）相当于50g / l至600g / l量的Cr（VI）化合物的铬酸酐（b）0.5g / l至10g / l的硫酸; （c）1g / l至20g / l的包含1至6个碳原子的脂族磺酸，和（d）10g / l至200g / l的至少一种形成致密阴极膜的化合物，所述化合物选自钼酸铵，钼酸钼和碱土金属钼酸盐，钒酸铵，钒酸钡和碱土金属钒酸盐，锆酸铵，锆酸碱土金属和碱土金属锆酸盐。此外，本申请涉及根据所述方法获得的结构化硬铬层和用于实施所述方法的电解质。

3. 发明申请

US20080060945A1 Production of a Structured Hard Chromium Layer and Production of a Coating 有权
标题翻译：结构化硬铬层的生产和涂层的生产
公开(公告)号：US20080060945A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-13
申请号：US11587117
申请日：2005-01-05
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth , Wolfgang Stuckert
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth , Wolfgang Stuckert
IPC分类号： C25D5/18 , H01G9/022
CPC分类号： C25D3/10 , C25D5/12 , C25D5/48
摘要： A method for producing a structured hard chromium layer, during which chromium from an electrolyte is deposited onto a workpiece, which contains: a) a Cr(VI) compound in a quantity corresponding to between 50 and 300 g/l of chromic anhydride; b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l sulfuric acid, and; c) 5 g/l to 15 g/l aliphatic sulfonic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The electrolyte comprises substantially no compounds from the group consisting of ammonium molybdate, alkaline molybdate, alkaline earth molybdate, ammonium vanadate, alkaline vanadate and alkaline earth vanadate, ammonium zirconate, alkaline zirconate and alkaline earth zirconate, and is processed with a cathodic efficiency of 12% or less. A method for producing a coating, to a structured hard chromium layer, a coating and an electrolyte.
摘要翻译：一种用于生产结构化硬铬层的方法，其中来自电解质的铬沉积在工件上，其包含：a）相当于50至300g / l的铬酸酐的量的Cr（VI）化合物; b）0.5g / l至10g / l硫酸，和 c）5g / l至15g / l具有1至6个碳原子的脂族磺酸。电解质基本上不含钼酸铵，碱土钼酸盐，碱土金属钼酸盐，钒酸铵，钒酸钡和碱土金属钒酸盐，锆酸铵，碱式锆酸盐和碱土金属锆酸盐的化合物，其阴极效率为12 ％或更少。制造涂层，结构化硬铬层，涂层和电解质的方法。

4. 发明申请

US20110115167A1 STRUCTURED CHROME SOLID PARTICLE LAYER AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF 有权
标题翻译：结构化的固体颗粒层及其生产方法
公开(公告)号：US20110115167A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-19
申请号：US12936158
申请日：2009-01-22
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Duerdoth
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Duerdoth
IPC分类号： F16J9/26 , C25D7/00 , C25D5/18
CPC分类号： C25D15/02 , C25D3/04 , C25D5/14 , C25D5/18 , C25D7/10 , F16J9/26 , Y10T428/12847 , Y10T428/12993
摘要： A structured chromium solids particles layer with a network of cracks in which solids particles are embedded, wherein the crack density is 10-250 per mm, the particle size of the solids particles lies in the range of from 0.01-10 μm, the proportion of solids particles in the overall layer is 1-30 vol.-% and the chromium solids particles layer has a microstructure with depressions in the surface of the layer, wherein the proportion of the surface area accounted for by the depressions is 5-80%. A method for producing the structured chromium solids particles layer on a workpiece includes introducing the workpiece into an electrolyte containing a Cr(VI) compound and electrolytically depositing a chromium layer at a current density of 20-100 A/dm2 and a current yield of 12% or less and then reversing the current direction wherein the solid particles are embedded within the network of cracks.
摘要翻译：具有嵌入固体颗粒的裂纹网络的结构化铬固体颗粒层，其中裂纹密度为10-250 / mm，固体颗粒的颗粒尺寸在0.01-10μm的范围内，整个层中的固体颗粒为1-30体积％，铬固体颗粒层具有在层的表面上具有凹陷的微结构，其中由凹陷占据的表面积的比例为5-80％。在工件上制造结构化铬固体颗粒层的方法包括将工件引入含有Cr（VI）化合物的电解质中，并以20-100A / dm 2的电流密度电解沉积铬层，电流产量为12 ％以下，然后使固体颗粒嵌入裂纹网络内的当前方向反转。

5. 发明授权

US06209881B1 Cast-iron piston ring 失效
标题翻译：铸铁活塞环
公开(公告)号：US06209881B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09079401
申请日：1998-05-15
申请人： Hans-Albert Michel , Rudolf Linde
发明人： Hans-Albert Michel , Rudolf Linde
IPC分类号： F02F500
CPC分类号： F16J9/26
摘要： A cast-iron piston ring for a piston of an internal combustion engine includes a ring composed of cast-iron and having a circumferential surface; a nitrided layer covering the entire circumferential surface of the ring, the nitrided layer including a diffusion layer and a connection layer disposed above the diffusion layer in which the diffusion layer and the connection layer both cover the entire circumferential surface of the ring; and a metal layer which is electrodeposited onto the connection layer, which is composed of a metal having a hardness which is less than that of the connection layer, and which has a thickness of less than 5 &mgr;m.
摘要翻译：用于内燃机活塞的铸铁活塞环包括由铸铁构成并具有圆周表面的环; 覆盖所述环的整个圆周表面的氮化层，所述氮化层包括扩散层和设置在所述扩散层上方的所述扩散层和所述连接层均覆盖所述环的整个周向表面的连接层; 以及金属层，其被电沉积在由硬度小于连接层的硬度的金属构成的连接层上，并且具有小于5um的厚度。

6. 发明授权

US08337687B2 Structured chrome solid particle layer and method for the production thereof 有权
标题翻译：结构化的铬固体颗粒层及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US08337687B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-25
申请号：US12936158
申请日：2009-01-22
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Duerdoth
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Duerdoth
IPC分类号： C25D7/00 , C25D5/18
CPC分类号： C25D15/02 , C25D3/04 , C25D5/14 , C25D5/18 , C25D7/10 , F16J9/26 , Y10T428/12847 , Y10T428/12993
摘要： A structured chromium solids particles layer with a network of cracks in which solids particles are embedded, wherein the crack density is 10-250 per mm, the particle size of the solids particles lies in the range of from 0.01-10 μm, the proportion of solids particles in the overall layer is 1-30 vol.-% and the chromium solids particles layer has a microstructure with depressions in the surface of the layer, wherein the proportion of the surface area accounted for by the depressions is 5-80%. A method for producing the structured chromium solids particles layer on a workpiece includes introducing the workpiece into an electrolyte containing a Cr(VI) compound and electrolytically depositing a chromium layer at a current density of 20-100 A/dm2 and a current yield of 12% or less and then reversing the current direction wherein the solid particles are embedded within the network of cracks.
摘要翻译：具有嵌入固体颗粒的裂纹网络的结构化铬固体颗粒层，其中裂纹密度为10-250 / mm，固体颗粒的颗粒尺寸在0.01-10μm的范围内，整个层中的固体颗粒为1-30体积％，铬固体颗粒层在层的表面具有凹陷的微结构，其中由凹陷占据的表面积的比例为5-80％。在工件上制造结构化铬固体颗粒层的方法包括将工件引入含有Cr（VI）化合物的电解质中，并以20-100A / dm 2的电流密度电解沉积铬层，电流产量为12 ％以下，然后使固体颗粒嵌入裂纹网络内的当前方向反转。

7. 发明授权

US08110087B2 Production of a structured hard chromium layer and production of a coating 有权
标题翻译：生产结构化的硬铬层和生产涂层
公开(公告)号：US08110087B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-07
申请号：US11587117
申请日：2005-01-05
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Dürdoth , Wolfgang Stuckert
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Dürdoth , Wolfgang Stuckert
IPC分类号： C25D3/10 , C25D3/04 , C25D5/12 , C25D5/14
CPC分类号： C25D3/10 , C25D5/12 , C25D5/48
摘要： A method for producing a structured hard chromium layer, during which chromium from an electrolyte is deposited onto a workpiece, which contains: a) a Cr(VI) compound in a quantity corresponding to between 50 and 300 g/l of chromic anhydride; b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l sulfuric acid, and; c) 5 g/l to 15 g/l aliphatic sulfonic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The electrolyte comprises substantially no compounds from the group consisting of ammonium molybdate, alkaline molybdate, alkaline earth molybdate, ammonium vanadate, alkaline vanadate and alkaline earth vanadate, ammonium zirconate, alkaline zirconate and alkaline earth zirconate, and is processed with a cathodic efficiency of 12% or less. A method for producing a coating, to a structured hard chromium layer, a coating and an electrolyte.
摘要翻译：一种用于生产结构化硬铬层的方法，其中来自电解质的铬沉积在工件上，其包含：a）相当于50至300g / l的铬酸酐的量的Cr（VI）化合物; b）0.5g / l至10g / l硫酸，和 c）5g / l至15g / l具有1至6个碳原子的脂族磺酸。电解质基本上不含钼酸铵，碱土钼酸盐，碱土金属钼酸盐，钒酸铵，钒酸钡和碱土金属钒酸盐，锆酸铵，碱式锆酸盐和碱土金属锆酸盐的化合物，其阴极效率为12 ％或更少。制造涂层，结构化硬铬层，涂层和电解质的方法。

8. 发明申请

US20050067296A1 Pretreatment process for coating of aluminum materials 审中-公开
标题翻译：铝材料涂层预处理工艺
公开(公告)号：US20050067296A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-31
申请号：US10497580
申请日：2002-11-07
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Wolfgang Stuckert
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Wolfgang Stuckert
IPC分类号： C25D3/20 , C25D5/10 , C25D5/30 , C25D5/44 , C25D7/00 , C25D13/10 , F02F3/10 , C25D5/34
CPC分类号： F02F3/10 , C25D3/20 , C25D5/44 , C25D7/00 , F05C2201/021 , F05C2201/0436 , F05C2201/903 , F05C2253/12
摘要： The invention relates to a method for applying electro-deposited metal coatings (3) upon aluminium or aluminium alloy components (1). According to said method, the surface (4) of the component is cleaned in an appropriate solution, in particular a solution of oils, fats, emulsions, pigments, etc. Said surface (4 ) is then etched in an appropriate solution, such that a certain quantity of material or near-surface alloy constituents is dissolved. After cleaning and dissolution, water rinsing is carried out. Immediately after the dissolution of the near-surface regions, the surface (4) of said component (1) is activated in a solution, containing iron ions, with a sulphate base by the anodic coupling of said component (1). The functional layer (3) is then applied by the cathodic coupling of said component (1), without intermediate rinsing, in the same electrolyte or in a similar or equivalent electrolyte, said functional layer (3) being made of iron (5).
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种将电沉积金属涂层（3）涂覆在铝或铝合金部件（1）上的方法。根据所述方法，将组分的表面（4）以合适的溶液，特别是油，脂肪，乳液，颜料等的溶液进行清洁。然后将所述表面（4）在合适的溶液中蚀刻，使得一定量的材料或近表面合金成分被溶解。清洗和溶解后，进行水洗。在近表面区域溶解之后，通过所述组分（1）的阳极耦合，所述组分（1）的表面（4）立即在含有铁离子的溶液中与硫酸根碱一起活化。然后，功能层（3）通过所述组分（1）的阴极耦合而在相同的电解质或类似或等同的电解质中进行中间漂洗，所述功能层（3）由铁（5）制成。

9. 发明授权

US08277953B2 Production of structured hard chrome layers 有权
标题翻译：生产结构化硬铬层
公开(公告)号：US08277953B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-02
申请号：US12683890
申请日：2010-01-07
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth
IPC分类号： B32B3/10 , B32B3/30 , B32B15/01 , B32B15/04
CPC分类号： C25D3/10 , Y10T428/12389 , Y10T428/12396 , Y10T428/12486 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12535 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/12847 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： The present invention relates to an apparatus with a structured hard chrome layer electrodeposited onto a work-piece, the structured hard chrome layer being cup-shaped and/or labyrinth-like and/or column-shaped. The structured hard chrome layer can be electrodeposited from an electrolyte onto the work-piece, said electrolyte containing (a) a Cr (VI) compound in an amount corresponding to 50 g/l to 600 g/l of chromic acid anhydride; (b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l of sulphuric acid; (c) 1 g/l to 20 g/l of aliphatic sulphonic acid, comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and (d) 10 g/l to 200 g/l of at least one compound forming a dense cathode film, said compound being selected from among ammonium molybdate, alkali molybdate and alkaline earth molybdate, ammonium vanadate, alkali vanadate and alkaline earth vanadate, ammonium zirconate, alkali zirconate and alkaline earth zirconate.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种具有电沉积在工件上的结构化硬铬层的装置，所述结构化硬铬层是杯状和/或迷宫状和/或柱形。结构化的硬铬层可以从电解质电沉积到工件上，所述电解质含有（a）相当于50g / l至600g / l的铬酸酐的Cr（VI）化合物; （b）0.5g / l至10g / l的硫酸; （c）1g / l至20g / l脂族磺酸，其包含1至6个碳原子; 和（d）10g / l至200g / l的至少一种形成致密阴极膜的化合物，所述化合物选自钼酸铵，钼酸钼和碱土金属钼酸盐，钒酸铵，钒酸碱土金属和碱土金属钒酸盐，锆酸铵，锆酸碱土和锆酸碱土。

10. 发明申请

US20060054509A1 Production of structured hard chrome layers 有权
标题翻译：生产结构化硬铬层
公开(公告)号：US20060054509A1
公开(公告)日：2006-03-16
申请号：US10536665
申请日：2003-09-18
申请人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth
发明人： Rudolf Linde , Stefan Durdoth
IPC分类号： C25D3/10
CPC分类号： C25D3/10 , Y10T428/12389 , Y10T428/12396 , Y10T428/12486 , Y10T428/12493 , Y10T428/12535 , Y10T428/12778 , Y10T428/12847 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： A method of producing a structured hard chrome layer is described, wherein chromium is deposited from an electrolyte onto a workpiece, said electrolyte containing: (a) a Cr (VI) compound in an amount corresponding to 50 g/l to 600 g/l of chromic acid anhydride (b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l of sulphuric acid; (c) 1 g/l to 20 g/l of aliphatic sulphonic acid, comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and (d) 10 g/l to 200 g/l of at least one compound forming a dense cathode film, said compound being selected from among ammonium molybdate, alkali molybdate and alkaline earth molybdate, ammonium vanadate, alkali vanadate and alkali ne earth vanadate, ammonium zirconate, alkali zirconate and alkaline earth zirconate. Further, the application relates to a structured hard chrome layer obtained according to said method and to an electrolyte for carrying out said method.
摘要翻译：描述了一种制备结晶硬铬层的方法，其中铬从电解质沉积到工件上，所述电解质包含：（a）相当于50g / l至600g / l量的Cr（VI）化合物的铬酸酐（b）0.5g / l至10g / l的硫酸; （c）1g / l至20g / l的包含1至6个碳原子的脂族磺酸，和（d）10g / l至200g / l的至少一种形成致密阴极膜的化合物，所述化合物选自钼酸铵，钼酸钼和碱土金属钼酸盐，钒酸铵，钒酸碱金属和碱土金属钒酸盐，锆酸铵，锆酸碱土金属和碱土金属锆酸盐。此外，本申请涉及根据所述方法获得的结构化硬铬层和用于实施所述方法的电解质。

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