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1. 发明授权

US07085388B2 High frequency jet nozzle actuators for jet noise reduction 失效
公开(公告)号：US07085388B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-01
申请号：US10172755
申请日：2002-06-14
申请人： George W. Butler , David H. Reed , Frederick T. Calkins , Christopher L. Davis , James H. Mabe
发明人： George W. Butler , David H. Reed , Frederick T. Calkins , Christopher L. Davis , James H. Mabe
IPC分类号： A61F11/06
CPC分类号： G10K11/161
摘要： A noise reduction system for use with an exhaust nozzle associated with a jet engine of an aircraft. The noise reduction system employs a plurality of flow-altering components disposed circumferentially about a lip portion of an exhaust nozzle. In one preferred form the flow-altering components each comprise piezoelectric transduction layers. The flow-altering components are caused to move in an oscillating manner by an AC signal applied thereto such that they move into and out of the exhaust gas emitted from the exhaust nozzle to achieve a desired degree of intermixing of the exhaust flow with the flow adjacent the exhaust nozzle. This produces a reduction in the noise generated by the jet engine. The noise reduction can be utilized during takeoff conditions of an aircraft. The flow-altering components are maintained out of the exhaust gas flowpath during cruise conditions of the aircraft so as not to cause a reduction of thrust, that would in turn result in an increase in the fuel burn during cruise conditions.

2. 发明申请

US20090320487A1 Systems and methods for reducing noise from jet engine exhaust 有权
标题翻译：降低喷气发动机排气噪音的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20090320487A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-31
申请号：US11707217
申请日：2007-02-14
申请人： Mehmet B. Alkislar , George W. Butler , David H. Reed
发明人： Mehmet B. Alkislar , George W. Butler , David H. Reed
IPC分类号： F02K1/00
CPC分类号： F02K1/46 , B64D29/02 , B64D33/04 , F02K1/34 , F02K1/386 , F02K1/48 , F05D2250/11 , F05D2260/96 , Y02T50/671
摘要： Jet engine nozzles with projections (e.g., chevrons) and injected flow, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A method in accordance with one embodiment includes generating a first flow of gas with a jet engine, delivering the first flow through a nozzle having a trailing edge perimeter that includes multiple projections extending in an aft direction, and injecting a pressurized second flow of fluid into the first flow proximate to the projections. In other embodiments, other mixing enhancement devices (e.g., vortex generators) are carried by the projections. It is expected that the combination of the projections and the mixing enhancement devices will reduce engine exhaust noise levels below the levels achievable with either projections or injected flow individually.
摘要翻译：公开了具有突起（例如，人字纹）和注射流的喷气发动机喷嘴，以及相关联的系统和方法。根据一个实施例的方法包括用喷气发动机产生第一气体流，将第一流通过具有后缘周边的喷嘴输送，所述后缘周边包括沿向后方向延伸的多个突起，以及将加压的第二流体流注入靠近投影的第一个流。在其它实施例中，其他混合增强装置（例如，涡流发生器）由投影承载。预计投影和混合增强装置的组合可以将发动机排气噪声水平降低到低于单独投影或注射流可实现的水平。

3. 发明授权

US07966826B2 Systems and methods for reducing noise from jet engine exhaust 有权
标题翻译：降低喷气发动机排气噪音的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07966826B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-28
申请号：US11707217
申请日：2007-02-14
申请人： Mehmet B. Alkislar , George W. Butler , David H. Reed
发明人： Mehmet B. Alkislar , George W. Butler , David H. Reed
IPC分类号： F02K1/00
CPC分类号： F02K1/46 , B64D29/02 , B64D33/04 , F02K1/34 , F02K1/386 , F02K1/48 , F05D2250/11 , F05D2260/96 , Y02T50/671
摘要： Jet engine nozzles with projections (e.g., chevrons) and injected flow, and associated systems and methods are disclosed. A method in accordance with one embodiment includes generating a first flow of gas with a jet engine, delivering the first flow through a nozzle having a trailing edge perimeter that includes multiple projections extending in an aft direction, and injecting a pressurized second flow of fluid into the first flow proximate to the projections. In other embodiments, other mixing enhancement devices (e.g., vortex generators) are carried by the projections. It is expected that the combination of the projections and the mixing enhancement devices will reduce engine exhaust noise levels below the levels achievable with either projections or injected flow individually.
摘要翻译：公开了具有突起（例如，人字纹）和注射流的喷气发动机喷嘴，以及相关联的系统和方法。根据一个实施例的方法包括用喷气发动机产生第一气体流，将第一流通过具有后缘周边的喷嘴输送，所述后缘周边包括沿向后方向延伸的多个突起，以及将加压的第二流体流注入靠近投影的第一个流。在其它实施例中，其他混合增强装置（例如，涡流发生器）由投影承载。预计投影和混合增强装置的组合可以将发动机排气噪声水平降低到低于单独投影或注射流可实现的水平。

4. 发明授权

US06718752B2 Deployable segmented exhaust nozzle for a jet engine 失效
标题翻译：喷气发动机可部署的分段排气喷嘴
公开(公告)号：US06718752B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-13
申请号：US10157681
申请日：2002-05-29
申请人： Eric H. Nesbitt , George W. Butler , David H. Reed
发明人： Eric H. Nesbitt , George W. Butler , David H. Reed
IPC分类号： F02K110
CPC分类号： F02K1/48 , F02K1/46 , F05D2300/505 , Y02T50/672
摘要： An exhaust flow nozzle for a jet engine having a plurality of flow altering components extending from a lip portion of a secondary exhaust nozzle that are movable between first and second positions. In the first position the flow altering components are disposed substantially parallel to an exhaust gas flow path and thereby do not produce drag or a reduction of thrust from the engine. In the second position the flow altering components bend or are deformed to project into the exhaust gas flow path exiting from the secondary exhaust nozzle. The flow altering components are comprised of a shape-memory alloy material which deforms in response to heat. One or more additional layers of material are bonded or otherwise coupled to the shape-memory alloy layer of each flow altering component to assist in returning the shape-memory alloy layer to its unheated shape.
摘要翻译：一种用于喷气发动机的排气流喷嘴，具有从第二和第二位置可移动的二次排气喷嘴的唇部延伸的多个流动变化部件。在第一位置，流动改变部件基本上平行于废气流动路径设置，从而不产生来自发动机的阻力或减小推力。在第二位置，流动变化部件弯曲或变形以伸入从二次排气喷嘴排出的废气流动路径。流动变化部件由响应于热而变形的形状记忆合金材料构成。一个或多个另外的材料层被粘合或以其他方式耦合到每个流动变化部件的形状记忆合金层，以帮助将形状记忆合金层返回到其未加热的形状。

5. 发明授权

US5519991A Increased efficiency arcjet thruster 失效
标题翻译：提高效率电弧喷射推进器
公开(公告)号：US5519991A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-28
申请号：US298010
申请日：1994-08-30
申请人： George W. Butler
发明人： George W. Butler
IPC分类号： F02K9/60 , F03H1/00 , F02K11/00
CPC分类号： F02K9/60 , B64G1/406
摘要： There is disclosed an anode for an electrothermal arcjet thruster. The anode includes a divergent nozzle having, in tandem, a recombination portion and an expansion portion. The expansion portion has a greater rate of divergence than the recombination portion. A regeneration channel containing flowing propellent gas extends internally within the anode adjacent the recombination portion. The combination of the biangle nozzle and the regeneration channel produces an arcjet thruster having a markedly increased thrust efficiency.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于电热电弧喷射推进器的阳极。阳极包括一个发散的喷嘴，它具有一个组合部分和一个膨胀部分。膨胀部分具有比复合部分更大的发散速率。包含流动的推进气体的再生通道在邻近复合部分的阳极内部延伸。双向喷嘴和再生通道的组合产生具有显着增加的推力效率的电弧喷射推进器。

6. 发明授权

US5111656A Arcjet nozzle having improved electrical-to-thrust conversion efficiency and high voltage operation 失效
标题翻译：具有改进电动转向效率和高电压运行的ARCJET喷嘴
公开(公告)号：US5111656A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-12
申请号：US552711
申请日：1990-07-12
申请人： Mark A. Simon , George W. Butler
发明人： Mark A. Simon , George W. Butler
IPC分类号： F03H1/00
CPC分类号： B64G1/406
摘要： An arcjet thruster is disclosed which has an electrically conductive anode body having an anode cavity therein which defines a nozzle symmetrical about a central axis. The anode cavity has a tandemly arranged divergent recombination portion and a divergent expansion portion. The expansion portion has a greater rate of divergence than the recombination portion. The anode body further preferably comprises a cylindrical constrictor portion upstream and in tandem with the recombination portion. An electrically conductive cylindrical cathode body is coaxially arranged and spaced from the anode body by a gap. An electrical current source connected to the cathode and the anode produces an electrical arc across the gap. A vortex flow of propellant gas is fed through the gap and through the nozzle to produce thrust. The vortex flow of propellant gas pushes the arc through the constrictor into one of the divergent portions of the nozzle. The recombination and expansion portions merge at a transition being between a divergence of 5 and 15 degrees and within a diameter ratio range of the transition to the constrictor of about 1.5 to 4.0. The divergent recombination portion causes a portion of the ionized and disassociated propellant gas passing therethrough to recombine, recovering frozen flow losses prior to entering the expansion portion and increasing the overall energy conversion efficiency of the thruster.
摘要翻译：公开了一种电弧喷射推进器，其具有在其中具有阳极腔的导电阳极体，其限定了关于中心轴对称的喷嘴。阳极腔具有串列布置的发散复合部分和发散扩张部分。膨胀部分具有比复合部分更大的发散速率。阳极体还优选地包括在上游并与复合部分串联的圆柱形收缩部分。导电圆柱形阴极体与阳极体同轴布置并间隔开间隙。连接到阴极和阳极的电流源在间隙上产生电弧。推进剂气体的涡流通过间隙进入并通过喷嘴产生推力。推进剂气体的涡流将电弧通过压缩机推入喷嘴的一个发散部分。复合和膨胀部分在5度和15度的发散度之间的过渡并且在约1.5至4.0的过渡到缩颈的直径比范围内合并。发散的重组部分导致通过其的离子化和分解的推进剂气体的一部分重新组合，在进入膨胀部分之前恢复冷冻流失，并提高推进器的整体能量转换效率。

7. 发明授权

US5901551A Converging constrictor for an electrothermal arcjet thruster 失效
标题翻译：用于电热电弧喷射推进器的收敛装置
公开(公告)号：US5901551A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-11
申请号：US685877
申请日：1996-07-24
申请人： George W. Butler
发明人： George W. Butler
IPC分类号： F03H1/00
CPC分类号： B64G1/406
摘要： There is provided an anode for an electrothermal arcjet thruster. A conduit running through the anode body has a converging upstream portion and a diverging downstream portion connected by a constrictor portion having a greater diameter at the interface with the upstream portion than at the interface with the downstream portion. As the result, the cross-sectional area available to a propellant gas passing through the constrictor constantly decreases and the propellent gas velocity continually increases. This constrictor geometry allows the arcjet thruster to be operated at a lower mass flow rate increasing the obtainable specific energy.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于电热电弧喷射推进器的阳极。穿过阳极体的导管具有会聚的上游部分和通过在与上游部分的界面处具有比在下游部分的界面处具有更大直径的缩颈部分连接的发散的下游部分。结果，通过压缩机的推进剂气体可用的横截面积不断减少，并且推进气体速度持续增加。这种压缩几何允许电弧喷射推进器以更低的质量流速操作，从而增加可获得的比能量。

8. 发明授权

US5560779A Apparatus for synthesizing diamond films utilizing an arc plasma 失效
标题翻译：利用电弧等离子体合成金刚石膜的装置
公开(公告)号：US5560779A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-01
申请号：US90842
申请日：1993-07-12
申请人： Steven C. Knowles , Alan E. Kull , George W. Butler , David O. King
发明人： Steven C. Knowles , Alan E. Kull , George W. Butler , David O. King
IPC分类号： C23C16/27 , C23C16/452 , C23C16/513 , H05H1/48 , C23C16/26 , C23C16/50
CPC分类号： C23C16/276 , C23C16/452 , C23C16/513 , H05H1/48
摘要： There is provided a system for the manufacture of a diamond film. A plasma generator generates a hydrogen atom containing plasma stream into which a hydrocarbon containing gas is fed. The plasma dissociates the hydrocarbon to carbon radicals and carbon which are deposited on a substrate where the carbon crystallizes to a diamond film. The efficiency of the system is increased by heating the hydrogen source gas prior to generation of the plasma. Other means to increase the effectiveness of the system include using a plurality of plasma streams and shaping the plasma stream, A low internal strain, high quality optical film is generated by depositing the carbon on a substrate supported by a heat sink having nonuniform thermal conductivity such that the thermal gradient across the surface of the heat sink is less than about 8.degree. C./centimeter.
摘要翻译：提供了用于制造金刚石膜的系统。等离子体发生器产生含有含烃气体的含有氢原子的等离子体流。等离子体将碳氢化合物解离成碳原子和沉积在基底上的碳，其中碳结晶到金刚石膜。通过在产生等离子体之前加热氢源气体来提高系统的效率。提高系统有效性的其他方法包括使用多个等离子体流并对等离子体流进行成形。通过将碳沉积在由具有不均匀导热性的散热器支撑的基板上而产生低内应变，高质量的光学膜，散热片表面的热梯度小于约8℃/厘米。

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