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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Performance monitoring in an optical communication system
    • 光通信系统中的性能监控
    • US07460785B2
    • 2008-12-02
    • US10109623
    • 2002-03-28
    • Mihaela DinuHernando GarciaDaniel KilperWayne H. KnoxHoward R. StuartChunhui Xu
    • Mihaela DinuHernando GarciaDaniel KilperWayne H. KnoxHoward R. StuartChunhui Xu
    • H04B17/00
    • H04B10/0795H04B10/27H04J14/02
    • An optical performance monitor (OPM), e.g., for use in an optical network. The OPM may be configured to characterize one or more impairments in an optical signal modulated with data. The OPM has an optical autocorrelator configured to sample the autocorrelation function of the optical signal, e.g., using two-photon absorption. Autocorrelation points at various bit delays independently or in combination with average optical power may be used to detect and/or quantify one or more of the following: loss of data modulation, signal contrast, pulse broadening, peak power fluctuations, timing jitter, and deviations from the pseudo-random character of data. In addition, the OPM may be configured to perform Fourier transformation based on the autocorrelation points to obtain corresponding spectral components. The spectral components may be used to detect and/or quantify one or more of chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and misalignment of a pulse carver and data modulator. The OPM may be further configured to generate feedback, e.g., to network operators to improve network performance.
    • 光学性能监视器(OPM),例如用于光网络。 OPM可以被配置为表征用数据调制的光信号中的一个或多个损伤。 OPM具有配置成对光信号的自相关函数进行采样的光自相关器,例如使用双光子吸收。 独立地或与平均光功率组合的各种位延迟的自相关点可用于检测和/或量化以下中的一个或多个:数据调制丢失,信号对比度,脉冲展宽,峰值功率波动,定时抖动和偏差 从数据的伪随机字符。 此外,OPM可以被配置为基于自相关点执行傅里叶变换,以获得相应的光谱分量。 频谱分量可用于检测和/或量化脉冲编码器和数据调制器的色散,偏振模色散和未对准中的一个或多个。 OPM可以被进一步配置为产生反馈,例如,向网络运营商产生改善网络性能的反馈。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Performance monitoring based on optical autocorrelation
    • 基于光学自相关性能监测
    • US07283744B2
    • 2007-10-16
    • US10838059
    • 2004-05-03
    • Mihaela DinuDaniel C. KilperHoward R. Stuart
    • Mihaela DinuDaniel C. KilperHoward R. Stuart
    • H04B10/08H04B10/12H04B10/00H04J14/02
    • H04B10/0795
    • An optical performance monitor (OPM) adapted to (i) sample an autocorrelation function corresponding to an optical signal transmitted in an optical network and (ii) based on the sampling, characterize two or more impairments concurrently present in the optical signal. In one embodiment, the OPM has an optical autocorrelator (OAC) coupled to a signal processor (SP). The OAC receives the optical signal from the network, generates two or more samples of its autocorrelation function, and applies said samples to the SP. The SP processes the samples and generates two or more signal metrics. Based on the signal metrics and reference data corresponding to the impairments, the SP then obtains a measure of each of the impairments.
    • 一种光学性能监视器(OPM),其适于(i)对与光网络中发送的光信号相对应的自相关函数进行采样,以及(ii)基于该采样,表征同时存在于光信号中的两个或更多个损伤。 在一个实施例中,OPM具有耦合到信号处理器(SP)的光学自相关器(OAC)。 OAC从网络接收光信号,生成两个或多个自相关函数样本,并将所述样本应用于SP。 SP处理样本并生成两个或更多个信号度量。 基于对应于损伤的信号量度和参考数据,SP然后获得每个损伤的量度。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Strip-array antenna
    • 带阵列天线
    • US08081114B2
    • 2011-12-20
    • US11938533
    • 2007-11-12
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • H01Q1/38
    • H01Q9/0407H01Q19/005
    • A representative embodiment of the invention provides an antenna having an electrically conducting ground plane and an array of electrically conducting strips located at an offset distance from the ground plane. Electrically conducting pathways, each attached to the middle portion of the corresponding strip, connect the strips to the ground plane. Electrically conducting lips, each attached to an edge of the corresponding conducting strip, extend about halfway toward the ground plane. The size of the array is smaller than the wavelength of the fundamental radiation mode supported by the antenna. Advantageously, the antenna has a bandwidth about three times larger than that of a comparably sized prior-art patch antenna.
    • 本发明的代表性实施例提供了一种天线,其具有导电接地平面和位于距接地平面偏移距离的导电条阵列。 每个连接到相应条带的中间部分的导电路径将条带连接到接地平面。 每个连接到相应导电带的边缘的导电唇缘在接地平面的大约一半处延伸。 阵列的尺寸小于由天线支持的基本辐射模式的波长。 有利地,天线具有比相当大小的现有技术贴片天线的带宽大约三倍的带宽。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Low-aspect antenna having a vertical electric dipole field pattern
    • 具有垂直电偶极场图案的低纵横天线
    • US08743005B2
    • 2014-06-03
    • US13195244
    • 2011-08-01
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • H01Q7/08
    • H01Q9/36
    • An antenna comprises a ring-shaped radiofrequency resonator that defines a path for a circulating magnetic current. In an implementation, the resonator has a height of no more than 2% of an operating wavelength, and it has an electromagnetic resonance at the operating frequency. In an implementation, the antenna is of a type having a vertical, short electric dipole radiation or sensitivity pattern. It comprises, as the dominant radiative element, a ring of material disposed transverse to the vertical dipole axis and having an average magnetic permeability more than ten times the magnetic permeability of air. The ring has a maximum outer diameter and a height that is less than the maximum outer diameter. The antenna further includes a feed structure adapted to couple radiofrequency energy into and/or out of a magnetic current circulating in the ring.
    • 天线包括限定用于循环磁流的路径的环形射频谐振器。 在一个实现中,谐振器的高度不超过工作波长的2%,并且在工作频率处具有电磁谐振。 在一个实现中,天线是具有垂直,短电偶极子辐射或灵敏度图案的类型。 它包括作为主要辐射元件的横向于垂直偶极轴的材料环,其平均导磁率大于空气磁导率的10倍。 该环具有最大外径和小于最大外径的高度。 天线还包括适于将射频能量耦合到环中循环的磁流和/或从环中循环的磁流的馈送结构。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • STRIP-ARRAY ANTENNA
    • STRIP-ARRAY天线
    • US20080258978A1
    • 2008-10-23
    • US11938533
    • 2007-11-12
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • H01Q1/38H01Q9/04
    • H01Q9/0407H01Q19/005
    • A representative embodiment of the invention provides an antenna having an electrically conducting ground plane and an array of electrically conducting strips located at an offset distance from the ground plane. Electrically conducting pathways, each attached to the middle portion of the corresponding strip, connect the strips to the ground plane. Electrically conducting lips, each attached to an edge of the corresponding conducting strip, extend about halfway toward the ground plane. The size of the array is smaller than the wavelength of the fundamental radiation mode supported by the antenna. Advantageously, the antenna has a bandwidth about three times larger than that of a comparably sized prior-art patch antenna.
    • 本发明的代表性实施例提供了一种天线,其具有导电接地平面和位于距接地平面偏移距离的导电条阵列。 每个连接到相应条带的中间部分的导电路径将条带连接到接地平面。 每个连接到相应导电带的边缘的导电唇缘在接地平面的大约一半处延伸。 阵列的尺寸小于由天线支持的基本辐射模式的波长。 有利地,天线具有比相当大小的现有技术贴片天线的带宽大约三倍的带宽。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Optical device having a waveguide lens with multimode interference
    • 具有具有多模干涉的波导透镜的光学装置
    • US07058259B2
    • 2006-06-06
    • US10640958
    • 2003-08-14
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • Howard R. Stuart
    • G02B6/32G02B6/14
    • G02B6/122G02B6/125G02B6/2813
    • In one embodiment, a waveguide lens of the invention has a pair of planar waveguides, e.g., a single-mode waveguide connected to a multimode waveguide. The widths of the two waveguides and the length of the multimode waveguide are selected such that particular mode coupling between the waveguides and multimode interference (MMI) effects in the multimode waveguide cause the latter to output a converging beam of light similar to that produced by a conventional waveguide lens. Advantageously, waveguide lenses of the invention may be used to implement low-loss, low-crosstalk waveguide crossings and/or compact waveguide turns. In addition, waveguide lenses of the invention can be readily and cost-effectively incorporated into waveguide devices designated for large-scale production.
    • 在一个实施例中,本发明的波导透镜具有一对平面波导,例如连接到多模波导的单模波导。 选择两个波导的宽度和多模波导的长度,使得在多模波导中的波导和多模干涉(MMI)效应之间的特定模式耦合导致后者输出与由 常规波导透镜。 有利地,本发明的波导透镜可用于实现低损耗,低串扰波导交叉和/或紧凑波导匝。 此外,本发明的波导透镜可以容易且经济高效地并入指定用于大规模生产的波导器件中。