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    • 1. 发明申请
    • Dynamically typed unsafe variance
    • 动态类型不安全差异
    • US20070028210A1
    • 2007-02-01
    • US11193692
    • 2005-07-29
    • Erik MeijerAnders HejlsbergMatthew WarrenLuca BolognesePeter HallamGary Katzenberger
    • Erik MeijerAnders HejlsbergMatthew WarrenLuca BolognesePeter HallamGary Katzenberger
    • G06F9/44G06F9/45
    • G06F9/44589G06F9/45516
    • A program execution engine that facilitates generic type variance verification is provided. The execution engine receives a program executable in the form of intermediate language (IL). The program executable can be based on code that includes expression(s) with generic type(s) which have been identified as requiring variance verification (e.g., covariance and/or contra-variance). The execution engine includes a variance verification component that dynamically determines whether value(s) associated with the generic type(s) identified as requiring variance verification comply with the particular variance verification requirement. The variance verification component can provide error information (e.g., throw an exception), if the specified variance is not safely compliant Variance verification can be based on static checking which places the burden on a source language compiler to emit the run-time checks in intermediate language (IL), if run-time checked variance is required. Additionally, language(s) that do not support variance can treat generic type(s) as non-variant.
    • 提供了促进通用类型方差验证的程序执行引擎。 执行引擎以中间语言(IL)的形式接收可执行的程序。 程序可执行程序可以基于包括已经被识别为需要方差验证(例如协方差和/或反差)的通用类型的表达式的代码。 执行引擎包括方差验证组件,其动态地确定与被识别为需要方差验证的通用类型相关联的值是否符合特定方差验证要求。 方差验证组件可以提供错误信息(例如抛出异常),如果指定的方差不能安全地符合方差验证可以基于静态检查,这会使源语言编译器的负担在中间体中发出运行时检查 语言(IL),如果运行时检查方差是必需的。 另外,不支持差异的语言可以将通用类型视为非变体。
    • 3. 发明申请
    • Extending expression-based syntax for creating object instances
    • 扩展用于创建对象实例的基于表达式的语法
    • US20070028212A1
    • 2007-02-01
    • US11193584
    • 2005-07-29
    • Henricus MeijerAnders HejlsbergMatthew WarrenLuca BolognesePeter HallamGary KatzenbergerDinesh Kulkarni
    • Henricus MeijerAnders HejlsbergMatthew WarrenLuca BolognesePeter HallamGary KatzenbergerDinesh Kulkarni
    • G06F9/44
    • G06F9/4488
    • Syntax for creating object instances utilizing expressions instead of statements. A syntax component facilitates extension of conventional object-creation-expression syntax. An initializer component provides for initialization of a newly-created entity via object and collection initializers. The initializer component provides initialization of the newly-created entity utilizing an object initializer where the object initializer specifies values for one or more fields or properties of the newly-created entity which is an object, and consists of a sequence of member initializers enclosed by tokens and separated by commas. The initializer component can also provides initialization of the newly-created entity utilizing a collection initializer when the underlying object implements a certain interface or implements a certain pattern. An overloading constructor can be called as part of the initialization process. In another aspect, code inferencing is disclosed whereby given a type, the corresponding code can be inferred by the compiler and inserted for compiling by a compiler.
    • 使用表达式而不是语句创建对象实例的语法。 语法组件有助于扩展常规的对象创建表达式语法。 初始化器组件通过对象和集合初始化器提供新创建的实体的初始化。 初始化器组件使用对象初始化器来提供新创建的实体的初始化,其中对象初始化器指定作为对象的新创建的实体的一个或多个字段或属性的值,并且包括由令牌包围的成员初始化器序列 并用逗号分隔。 初始化器组件还可以在底层对象实现特定接口或实现某种模式时,利用集合初始化器来提供新创建的实体的初始化。 可以调用重载构造函数作为初始化过程的一部分。 在另一方面,公开了代码推论,由此给定类型,相应的代码可以由编译器推断并插入以供编译器编译。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Architecture that extends types using extension methods
    • 使用扩展方法扩展类型的体系结构
    • US20070028209A1
    • 2007-02-01
    • US11192919
    • 2005-07-29
    • Henricus MeijerAnders HejlsbergMatthew WarrenLuca BolognesePeter HallamGary KatzenbergerDinesh Kulkarni
    • Henricus MeijerAnders HejlsbergMatthew WarrenLuca BolognesePeter HallamGary KatzenbergerDinesh Kulkarni
    • G06F9/44G06F9/45
    • G06F8/315
    • Architecture that extends existing types including constructed and sealed types using extension methods. Extension methods are static methods that can be invoked using instance method syntax. Extension methods are declared by specifying the keyword “this” as a modifier on the first parameter of the methods. Extension methods have all the capabilities of regular static methods. In addition, once imported, extension methods can be invoked using instance method syntax. Also disclosed are rules for importing extension methods, and extension method invocations. Extension methods are imported through using-namespace-directives. In addition to importing the types contained in a namespace, a using-namespace-directive imports all extension methods in all static classes in the namespace. In effect, imported extension methods appear as additional methods on the types that are given by their first parameter and have lower precedence than regular instance methods.
    • 使用扩展方法扩展现有类型(包括构造和密封类型)的体系结构。 扩展方法是可以使用实例方法语法调用的静态方法。 扩展方法通过在方法的第一个参数上指定关键字“this”作为修饰符来声明。 扩展方法具有常规静态方法的所有功能。 另外,一旦导入,可以使用实例方法语法来调用扩展方法。 还公开了导入扩展方法和扩展方法调用的规则。 扩展方法通过using-namespace-directives导入。 除了导入命名空间中包含的类型之外,using-namespace-directive会在命名空间中的所有静态类中导入所有扩展方法。 实际上,导入的扩展方法在其第一个参数给出的类型上显示为附加方法,并且具有比常规实例方法更低的优先级。