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1. 发明授权

US5062935A Method of vaporizing a sample substance 失效
标题翻译：蒸发样品物质的方法
公开(公告)号：US5062935A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US326763
申请日：1989-03-21
申请人： Edward W. Schlag , Josef Lindner , Ronald C. Beavis , Jurgen Grotemeyer
发明人： Edward W. Schlag , Josef Lindner , Ronald C. Beavis , Jurgen Grotemeyer
IPC分类号： H05H3/02
CPC分类号： H05H3/02
摘要： When vaporizing a sample substance consisting of big molecules, in particular for the purpose of mass-spectroscopic examinations, the energy introduced for the vaporization process may lead to thermolytic decomposition of the sample substance. In order to prevent such decomposition, the invention proposes that the sample substance be mixed, prior to its irradiation, with a matrix material which is easily decomposed under the influence of the laser beam pulses. The matrix may consist of a material which absorbs the radiation and which is easily decomposed thermolytically, or else of a material which is permeable to laser radiation, but mixed with a metal powder. When the mixture is exposed to laser beam pulses, the instable matrix material will decompose first whereby the embedded molecules of the sample substance are set free. It is possible in this manner to prevent, practically completely, the molecules of the sample substance from being destructed. Suitable compounds for use as matrix material are, in particular, sugar, cellulose and NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 as well as polyethylene, with an admixture of gold or silver powder.
摘要翻译：当蒸发由大分子组成的样品物质，特别是为了进行质谱分析时，引入蒸发过程的能量可能导致样品物质的热分解。为了防止这种分解，本发明提出将样品物质在照射之前与在激光束脉冲的影响下容易分解的基质材料混合。基质可以由吸收辐射并易于热分解的材料构成，也可以由能够通过激光辐射而与金属粉末混合的材料形成。当混合物暴露于激光束脉冲时，不稳定的基体材料将首先分解，从而使样品物质的嵌入分子自由。以这种方式可以防止样品物质的分子几乎完全被破坏。用作基质材料的合适的化合物特别是糖，纤维素和NH 4 NO 3以及具有金或银粉末的混合物的聚乙烯。

2. 发明授权

US5453247A Instrument and method for the sequencing of genome 失效
标题翻译：用于测序基因组的仪器和方法
公开(公告)号：US5453247A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-26
申请号：US156316
申请日：1993-11-23
申请人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
发明人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C12Q1/68 , C40B40/06 , C40B60/14 , H01J49/04 , H01J49/16 , G01N33/00 , G01N24/00
CPC分类号： H01J49/0413 , B01J19/0046 , C12Q1/6872 , H01J49/164 , B01J2219/00364 , B01J2219/00536 , B01J2219/00596 , B01J2219/00605 , B01J2219/0061 , B01J2219/00628 , B01J2219/00644 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00689 , B01J2219/00722 , C40B40/06 , C40B60/14 , Y10S436/807 , Y10T436/143333 , Y10T436/24
摘要： Improved techniques are provided for DNA sequencing, and particularly for sequencing of the entire human genome. Different base-specific reactions are utilized to use different sets of DNA fragments from a piece of DNA of unknown sequence. Each of the different sets of DNA fragments has a common origin and terminates at a particular base along the unknown sequence. The molecular weight of the DNA fragments in each of the different sets is detected by a matrix assisted laser absorption mass spectrometer to determine the sequence of the different bases in the DNA. The methods and apparatus of the present invention provide a relatively simple and low cost technique which may be automated to sequence thousands of gene bases per hour, and eliminates the tedious and time consuming gel electrophoresis separation technique conventionally used to determine the masses of DNA fragments.
摘要翻译：提供改进的技术用于DNA测序，特别是用于整个人类基因组的测序。使用不同的碱基特异性反应来使用来自未知序列的DNA片段的不同组DNA片段。不同组DNA片段中的每一个具有共同起源，并且沿未知序列终止于特定基因。通过基质辅助激光吸收质谱仪检测每个不同组中的DNA片段的分子量，以确定DNA中不同碱基的序列。本发明的方法和装置提供了一种相对简单和低成本的技术，其可以自动化以每小时序列数千个基因碱基，并消除常规用于确定DNA片段质量的繁琐且耗时的凝胶电泳分离技术。

3. 发明授权

US5045694A Instrument and method for the laser desorption of ions in mass spectrometry 失效
标题翻译：用于质谱仪中离子激光解吸的仪器和方法
公开(公告)号：US5045694A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US413321
申请日：1989-09-27
申请人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
发明人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
IPC分类号： G01N27/62 , B01D59/44 , G01N27/64 , H01J49/10 , H01J49/16 , H01J49/40 , H01J49/44
CPC分类号： H01J49/164 , B01D59/44
摘要： In mass spectrometry, a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is used to measure the mass spectrum of organic molecules of mass ranging from 200 Dalton to greater than 200,000 Dalton. Ions from the sample are desorbed by striking the probe tip with laser pulses in a spot size, on the tip, in the range of 0.03-3.0 mm.sup.2. The time of flight of the ions is measured and displayed with a resolution of the ion molecular signal in the range of 300-500 full width at half-maximum definition (FWHM).
摘要翻译：在质谱中，使用飞行时间（TOF）质谱仪来测量质量范围从200道尔顿到大于200,000道尔顿的质谱。通过以0.03-3.0mm 2范围内的尖端的点尺寸的激光脉冲击打探针尖端来解吸样品的离子。以离子分子信号的分辨率测量和显示离子的飞行时间，其半峰宽定义（FWHM）在300-500全宽的范围内。

4. 发明授权

US5288644A Instrument and method for the sequencing of genome 失效
标题翻译：用于测序基因组的仪器和方法
公开(公告)号：US5288644A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-22
申请号：US957688
申请日：1992-11-13
申请人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
发明人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C12Q1/68 , C40B40/06 , C40B60/14 , H01J49/04 , H01J49/16 , G01N33/48 , G01N33/56
CPC分类号： H01J49/0413 , B01J19/0046 , C12Q1/6872 , H01J49/164 , B01J2219/00364 , B01J2219/00536 , B01J2219/00596 , B01J2219/00605 , B01J2219/0061 , B01J2219/00628 , B01J2219/00644 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00689 , B01J2219/00722 , C40B40/06 , C40B60/14 , Y10S436/807 , Y10T436/143333 , Y10T436/24
摘要： A method for DNA sequencing, and particularly for sequencing of the entire human genome. Different base-specific reactions are utilized to use different sets of DNA fragments from a piece of DNA of unknown sequence. Each of the different sets of DNA fragments has a common origin and terminates at a particular base along the unknown sequence. The molecular weight of the DNA fragments in each of the different sets is detected by a matrix assisted laser absorption mass spectrometer to determine the sequence of the different bases in the DNA. The methods and apparatus of the present invention provide a relatively simple and low cost technique which may be automated to sequence thousands of gene bases per hour, and eliminates the tedious and time consuming gel electrophoresis separation technique conventionally used to determine the masses of DNA fragments.
摘要翻译：用于DNA测序的方法，特别是用于整个人类基因组的测序。使用不同的碱基特异性反应来使用来自未知序列的DNA片段的不同组DNA片段。不同组DNA片段中的每一个具有共同起源，并且沿未知序列终止于特定基因。通过基质辅助激光吸收质谱仪检测每个不同组中的DNA片段的分子量，以确定DNA中不同碱基的序列。本发明的方法和装置提供了一种相对简单和低成本的技术，其可以自动化以每小时序列数千个基因碱基，并消除常规用于确定DNA片段质量的繁琐且耗时的凝胶电泳分离技术。

5. 发明授权

US5643798A Instrument and method for the sequencing of genome 失效
标题翻译：用于测序基因组的仪器和方法
公开(公告)号：US5643798A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-01
申请号：US473230
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
发明人： Ronald C. Beavis , Brian T. Chait
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C12Q1/68 , C40B40/06 , C40B60/14 , H01J49/04 , H01J49/16 , G01N33/00 , C12N15/00
CPC分类号： H01J49/0413 , B01J19/0046 , C12Q1/6872 , H01J49/164 , B01J2219/00364 , B01J2219/00536 , B01J2219/00596 , B01J2219/00605 , B01J2219/0061 , B01J2219/00628 , B01J2219/00644 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00689 , B01J2219/00722 , C40B40/06 , C40B60/14 , Y10S436/807 , Y10T436/143333 , Y10T436/24
摘要： Improved techniques are provided for DNA sequencing, and particularly for sequencing of the entire human genome. Different base-specific reactions are utilized to use different sets of DNA fragments from a piece of DNA of unknown sequence. Each of the different sets of DNA fragments has a common origin and terminates at a particular base along the unknown sequence. The molecular weight of the DNA fragments in each of the different sets is detected by a matrix assisted laser absorption mass spectrometer to determine the sequence of the different bases in the DNA. The methods and apparatus of the present invention provide a relatively simple and low cost technique which may be automated to sequence thousands of gene bases per hour, and eliminates the tedious and time consuming gel electrophoresis separation technique conventionally used to determine the masses of DNA fragments.
摘要翻译：提供改进的技术用于DNA测序，特别是用于整个人类基因组的测序。使用不同的碱基特异性反应来使用来自未知序列的DNA片段的不同组DNA片段。不同组DNA片段中的每一个具有共同起源，并且沿未知序列终止于特定基因。通过基质辅助激光吸收质谱仪检测每个不同组中的DNA片段的分子量，以确定DNA中不同碱基的序列。本发明的方法和装置提供了一种相对简单和低成本的技术，其可以自动化以每小时序列数千个基因碱基，并消除常规用于确定DNA片段质量的繁琐且耗时的凝胶电泳分离技术。

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