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1. 发明授权

US5916661A Selectively apertured nonwoven web 失效
标题翻译：选择性开孔无纺网
公开(公告)号：US5916661A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US810205
申请日：1997-03-03
申请人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
发明人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
IPC分类号： A61F13/511 , A61F5/44 , A61F13/15 , A61F13/49 , B26F1/00 , B26F1/24 , B26F3/00 , D04H1/54 , D06C23/04 , D06H7/22 , B32B3/24 , A61F13/46
CPC分类号： B26F1/24 , A61F13/15731 , B26F1/00 , B26F3/002 , Y10T428/24273 , Y10T428/24331 , Y10T428/24826
摘要： The present invention provides a method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web. A nonwoven web is weakened along a plurality of locations and then a tensioning force is applied to the nonwoven web causing the nonwoven web to rupture at the plurality of weakened location creating a plurality of apertures in the nonwoven web coincident with the weakened locations
摘要翻译：本发明提供了选择性地打开非织造纤维网的方法。非织造纤维网沿着多个位置变弱，然后将张力施加到非织造纤维网，使得非织造纤维网在多个弱化位置处破裂，从而在非织造纤维网中产生与弱化位置一致的多个孔

2. 发明授权

US5914084A Method of making a stabilized extensible nonwoven web 失效
标题翻译：制造稳定的可伸长非织造纤维网的方法
公开(公告)号：US5914084A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-22
申请号：US832875
申请日：1997-04-04
申请人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
发明人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
IPC分类号： D06C23/04 , B29C55/14 , B29C55/18 , B32B5/04 , B32B5/26 , B32B37/00 , D04H1/44 , D04H3/08 , D04H3/16 , D04H13/00 , B29C59/04
CPC分类号： D04H3/08 , B29C55/14 , B29C55/18 , D04H1/44 , D04H13/00 , A61F13/00 , B29K2105/0854 , B32B2262/0207 , B32B2262/0253 , B32B2262/0261 , B32B2262/0276 , B32B2262/062 , B32B2262/065 , B32B2264/02 , B32B2264/067 , B32B2274/00 , B32B2305/20 , B32B2307/51 , B32B2307/54 , B32B2307/726 , B32B2555/02 , B32B27/12 , B32B27/32 , B32B27/34 , B32B27/36 , B32B27/40 , B32B5/022 , B32B5/024 , B32B5/04 , B32B5/26 , B32B7/12 , Y10T156/1023 , Y10T442/674 , Y10T442/68 , Y10T442/681
摘要： The present invention provides a stable nonwoven web having enhanced extensibility and a method for making the same. A neckable nonwoven web is fed in a first direction. The neckable nonwoven web is subjected to incremental stretching in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. A tensioning force is applied to the neckable nonwoven web to neck the nonwoven web. The necked nonwoven web is then subjected to mechanical stabilization to provide a stabilized extensible necked nonwoven web. The stabilized extensible necked nonwoven web is easily extended in a direction parallel to the direction necking.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了具有增强的可伸长性的稳定的非织造纤维网及其制造方法。颈缩非织造纤维网沿第一方向进给。可颈缩非织造纤维网在垂直于第一方向的方向上进行增量拉伸。将拉伸力施加到可颈缩非织造纤维网上以使非织造纤维网颈缩。然后对颈缩的非织造纤维网进行机械稳定化以提供稳定的可伸长的颈缩非织造纤维网。稳定的可伸缩颈缩非织造纤维网容易沿与颈缩方向平行的方向延伸。

3. 发明授权

US6129801A Method for making a stable web having enhanced extensibility in multiple directions 失效
标题翻译：用于制造在多个方向具有增强的可扩展性的稳定卷材的方法
公开(公告)号：US6129801A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US841514
申请日：1997-04-23
申请人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
发明人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
IPC分类号： D06J1/04 , A61F13/15 , A61F13/511 , A61L20060101 , B29C53/00 , B32B20060101 , B32B5/04 , B32B5/22 , D04H20060101 , D04H1/54 , D04H3/16 , D04H13/00 , D06C20060101 , D06C23/04 , D06J20060101
CPC分类号： D04H1/54 , D04H13/00 , Y10T156/1002 , Y10T156/1007
摘要： The present invention provides a stable material having enhanced extensibility and a method for making the same. A tensioning force is applied to the neckable material to neck the material in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. The necked material is then subjected to mechanical stabilization to provide a stabilized extensible necked material. The stabilized extensible necked material is then passed between the peripheral surface of a cylinder which is driven in rotating motion and a device for pressing the stabilized extensible necked material against the peripheral surface of the cylinder. A retarding member retards the passage of the stabilized extensible necked material and directs the material away from the peripheral surface of the cylinder. The stabilized extensible necked material is easily extended in a direction parallel to the first direction and perpendicular to the first direction.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了具有增强的伸长性的稳定材料及其制造方法。将拉伸力施加到可颈缩材料上以在垂直于第一方向的方向上颈缩材料。然后将颈缩材料进行机械稳定化以提供稳定的可伸长的颈缩材料。然后将稳定的可伸缩的颈缩材料通过在旋转运动中驱动的圆筒的圆周表面和用于将稳定的可伸缩颈缩材料压靠在圆筒的圆周表面上的装置。延迟构件延伸稳定的可伸展颈缩材料的通道，并引导材料远离气缸的圆周表面。稳定的可伸长的颈缩材料容易沿平行于第一方向并垂直于第一方向的方向延伸。

4. 发明授权

US6114263A Stable web having enhanced extensibility and method for making same 有权
标题翻译：具有增强的可扩展性的稳定的网页以及制作相同的方法
公开(公告)号：US6114263A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-05
申请号：US309201
申请日：1999-05-10
申请人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
发明人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
IPC分类号： D06C23/04 , B29C55/14 , B29C55/18 , B32B5/04 , B32B5/26 , B32B37/00 , D04H1/44 , D04H3/08 , D04H3/16 , D04H13/00 , B32B27/12
CPC分类号： D04H3/08 , B29C55/14 , B29C55/18 , D04H1/44 , D04H13/00 , A61F13/00 , B29K2105/0854 , B32B2262/0207 , B32B2262/0253 , B32B2262/0261 , B32B2262/0276 , B32B2262/062 , B32B2262/065 , B32B2264/02 , B32B2264/067 , B32B2274/00 , B32B2305/20 , B32B2307/51 , B32B2307/54 , B32B2307/726 , B32B2555/02 , B32B27/12 , B32B27/32 , B32B27/34 , B32B27/36 , B32B27/40 , B32B5/022 , B32B5/024 , B32B5/04 , B32B5/26 , B32B7/12 , Y10T156/1023 , Y10T442/674 , Y10T442/68 , Y10T442/681
摘要： The present invention provides a stable nonwoven web having enhanced extensibility and a method for making the same. A neckable nonwoven web is fed in a first direction. The neckable nonwoven web is subjected to incremental stretching in a direction perpendicular to the first direction. A tensioning force is applied to the neckable nonwoven web to neck the nonwoven web. The necked nonwoven web is then subjected to mechanical stabilization to provide a stabilized extensible necked nonwoven web. The stabilized extensible necked nonwoven web is easily extended in a direction parallel to the direction necking.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了具有增强的可伸长性的稳定的非织造纤维网及其制造方法。颈缩非织造纤维网沿第一方向进给。可颈缩非织造纤维网在垂直于第一方向的方向上进行增量拉伸。将拉伸力施加到可颈缩非织造纤维网上以使非织造纤维网颈缩。然后对颈缩的非织造纤维网进行机械稳定化以提供稳定的可伸长的颈缩非织造纤维网。稳定的可伸缩颈缩非织造纤维网容易沿与颈缩方向平行的方向延伸。

5. 发明授权

US5658639A Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web exhibiting surface energy gradients 失效
标题翻译：用于选择性地打开呈现表面能量梯度的非织造纤维网的方法
公开(公告)号：US5658639A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-19
申请号：US536227
申请日：1995-09-29
申请人： John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson , James W. Cree , Luis E. Ravaglia
发明人： John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson , James W. Cree , Luis E. Ravaglia
IPC分类号： A61F13/511 , A61F5/44 , A61F13/00 , A61F13/15 , A61F13/49 , D04H1/54 , D06M15/643 , D06M15/70 , B05D5/00 , B32B5/02 , B32B33/00
CPC分类号： A61F13/15731 , A61F13/00991 , Y10T428/24273
摘要： The present invention pertains, in a preferred embodiment, to a method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web exhibiting a plurality of surface energy gradients. The method includes the steps of: providing a nonwoven web of fibers exhibiting a surface energy, the nonwoven web having a first surface, a second surface and a plurality of fluid passageways placing the first and second surfaces in fluid communication with one another; applying a surface treatment to the first surface of the nonwoven web, the surface treatment having a surface energy less than the surface energy of the fibers of the nonwoven web creating a plurality of surface energy gradients defined by discontinuous, spaced regions which are adapted to exert a force on a fluid contacting the first surface, such that the fluid will be directed toward the fluid passageways for transportation away from the first surface and in the direction of the second surface; weakening the nonwoven web at a plurality of locations creating a plurality of weakened, melt-stabilized locations; and applying a tensioning force to the nonwoven web to cause the nonwoven web to rupture at the plurality of weakened, melt-stabilized locations creating a plurality of apertures in the nonwoven web coincident with the plurality of weakened, melt-stabilized locations. The web is particularly well suited for use as a topsheet on a disposable absorbent article.
摘要翻译：在优选实施例中，本发明涉及用于选择性地打开呈现多个表面能量梯度的非织造纤维网的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：提供呈现表面能的纤维的非织造纤维网，所述非织造纤维网具有第一表面，第二表面和多个流体通道，所述第一表面和第二表面彼此流体连通; 对非织造纤维网的第一表面施加表面处理，表面处理具有小于非织造纤维网的纤维的表面能的表面能，产生由不连续的间隔区域限定的多个表面能量梯度，其适于发挥接触第一表面的流体上的力，使得流体将被引导到流体通道，以便从第一表面和第二表面的方向输送; 在多个位置处弱化非织造纤维网，从而形成多个弱化的，熔融稳定的位置; 以及向所述非织造纤维网施加张紧力以使所述非织造纤维网在所述多个弱化的熔融稳定位置处破裂，从而在所述非织造纤维网中产生与所述多个弱化的熔融稳定位置重合的多个孔。网特别适合用作一次性吸收制品上的顶片。

6. 发明授权

US07037569B2 Laminate web comprising an apertured layer and method for manufacturing thereof 有权
标题翻译：包含多孔层的层压网及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US07037569B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-02
申请号：US10149878
申请日：2000-12-20
申请人： John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson , John B. Strube
发明人： John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson , John B. Strube
IPC分类号： B32B3/02 , B32B3/10 , B32B5/26 , B32B27/02
CPC分类号： B32B38/0012 , A47L1/15 , A47L13/17 , A61F13/15699 , A61F13/15707 , A61F13/15756 , A61F13/512 , A61F13/5146 , A61F13/51478 , A61F13/53 , A61F13/536 , A61F13/537 , A61F13/539 , A61F13/8405 , A61K8/0208 , A61Q19/00 , A61Q19/10 , B26F1/20 , B26F1/24 , B29C55/023 , B29C55/18 , B29C59/007 , B29C59/04 , B29C65/02 , B29C65/08 , B29C65/18 , B29C65/7437 , B29C66/1122 , B29C66/21 , B29C66/436 , B29C66/45 , B29C66/4722 , B29C66/71 , B29C66/723 , B29C66/727 , B29C66/7294 , B29C66/73921 , B29C66/81433 , B29C66/83411 , B29C66/83413 , B29C66/83511 , B29C2793/0045 , B29K2105/0854 , B29K2995/0068 , B29L2009/00 , B29L2031/4878 , B29L2031/737 , B29L2031/7374 , B32B3/266 , B32B5/04 , B32B5/26 , B32B7/04 , B32B15/04 , B32B27/06 , B32B37/0076 , B32B37/12 , B32B37/144 , B32B38/0004 , B32B38/04 , B32B2037/0092 , B32B2038/0028 , B32B2038/047 , B32B2305/18 , B32B2305/20 , B32B2307/202 , B32B2307/204 , B32B2307/51 , B65D75/30 , C11D17/049 , H01B7/0838 , Y10T428/24298 , Y10T428/24314 , Y10T428/24322 , Y10T428/24331 , Y10T428/24562 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/2481 , Y10T428/24826 , Y10T428/24851 , Y10T442/647 , Y10T442/656 , Y10T442/668 , Y10T442/671 , Y10T442/674 , Y10T442/69 , Y10T442/693 , B29K2023/04 , B29K2023/10 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2001/00
摘要： A laminate web comprising a first web, a second web joined to the first web at a plurality of discrete bond sites; and a third material disposed between at least a portion of the first and second nonwovens. The third material is apertured in regions adjacent the bond sites, such that the first and second nonwoven webs are joined through the apertures. In one embodiment an apertured laminate web is disclosed, having a first extensible web having a first elongation to break, and a second extensible web joined to the first extensible web at a plurality of bond sites, the second extensible web having elongation to break. A third web material is disposed between the first and second nonwovens, the third web material having a third elongation to break which is less than both of the first or second elongations to break. In a further embodiment, an apertured laminate web is disclosed, having first and second extensible webs being joined at a plurality of discrete bond sites and a third material disposed between the first and second nonwoven webs. The first and second nonwoven webs are in fluid communication via the apertures and have distinct regions being differentiated by at least one property selected from the group consisting of basis weight, fiber orientation, thickness, and density.
摘要翻译：一种层压纤维网，其包括第一纤维网，在多个离散的接合位点处连接到第一纤维网的第二纤维网; 以及设置在所述第一和第二无纺布的至少一部分之间的第三材料。第三材料在与接合位置相邻的区域中开孔，使得第一和第二非织造纤维网通过孔连接。在一个实施方案中，公开了一种多孔层压纤维网，其具有第一伸长率断裂的第一可伸长纤维网，以及在多个粘结部位连接到第一可伸长纤维网的第二可伸长纤维网，所述第二可伸长纤维网具有断裂伸长率。第三纤维网材料设置在第一和第二无纺布之间，第三纤维网材料具有小于断裂的第一或第二伸长率的第三伸长率。在另一个实施例中，公开了一种多孔层压纤维网，其具有第一和第二可伸长纤维网，所述第一和第二可伸长纤维网在多个离散的粘结部位处连接，第三材料设置在第一和第二非织造纤维网之间。第一和第二非织造纤维网经由孔流体连通，并且具有由选自基重，纤维取向，厚度和密度的至少一种性质区分的不同区域。

7. 发明授权

US06884494B1 Laminate web 有权
标题翻译：层压网
公开(公告)号：US06884494B1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-26
申请号：US09467938
申请日：1999-12-21
申请人： John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson , John B. Strube
发明人： John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson , John B. Strube
IPC分类号： A47L13/17 , A61F13/15 , A61K8/02 , A61Q19/00 , A61Q19/10 , B26F1/20 , B26F1/24 , B29C55/18 , B32B3/24 , B32B5/26 , B32B7/04 , B32B38/04 , C11D17/04 , D04H13/00 , B32B3/02 , B32B3/26 , B32B27/02
CPC分类号： B29C55/18 , A47L13/17 , A61F13/51121 , A61F13/5116 , A61F13/512 , A61F13/513 , A61F13/53 , A61F13/537 , A61F13/539 , A61F13/8405 , A61F2013/53782 , A61K8/0208 , A61Q19/00 , A61Q19/10 , B26F1/20 , B26F1/24 , B32B3/266 , B32B5/26 , B32B7/04 , B32B38/04 , C11D17/049 , Y10T428/233 , Y10T428/24496 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/2481 , Y10T442/668 , Y10T442/671 , Y10T442/69
摘要： A laminate web is disclose, the laminate web comprising a first web, a second web joined to the first web at a plurality of discrete bond sites; and a third material disposed between at least a portion of the first and second nonwovens. The third material is apertured in regions adjacent the bond sites, such that the first and second nonwoven webs are joined through the apertures. In one embodiment an apertured laminate web is disclosed, having a first extensible web having a first elongation to break, and a second extensible web joined to the first extensible web at a plurality of bond sites, the second extensible web having a second elongation to break A third web material is disposed between the first and second nonwovens, the third web material having a third elongation to break which is less than both of the first or second elongations to break. In a further embodiment, an apertured laminate web is disclose, having first and second extensible webs being joined at a plurality of discrete bond sites and a third material disposed between the first and second nonwoven webs. The first and second nonwoven webs are in fluid communication via the apertures and have distinct regions being differentiated by at least one property selected from the group consisting of basis weight, fiber orientation, thickness, and density.
摘要翻译：公开了层压纤维网，所述层压纤维网包括第一纤维网，在多个离散的接合位点处连接到第一纤维网的第二纤维网; 以及设置在所述第一和第二无纺布的至少一部分之间的第三材料。第三材料在与接合位置相邻的区域中开孔，使得第一和第二非织造纤维网通过孔连接。在一个实施方案中，公开了一种多孔的层压纤维网，其具有第一可伸长纤维网，其具有第一断裂伸长率，以及在多个粘结部位连接到第一可伸长纤维网的第二可伸长纤维网，所述第二可伸长纤维网具有第二伸长率第三纤维网材料设置在第一和第二无纺布之间，第三纤维网材料具有小于断裂的第一或第二伸长率的第三伸长率。在另一个实施方案中，公开了一种多孔的层压纤维网，其具有在多个离散的粘结位置处连接的第一和第二可伸长纤维网以及设置在第一和第二非织造纤维网之间的第三材料。第一和第二非织造纤维网经由孔流体连通，并且具有由选自基重，纤维取向，厚度和密度的至少一种性质区分的不同区域。

8. 发明授权

US08968614B2 Method of making high-elongation apertured nonwoven web 有权
标题翻译：制造高伸长率无孔纤维网的方法
公开(公告)号：US08968614B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-03
申请号：US11321347
申请日：2005-12-29
申请人： Fred N. Desai , Hiroshi Nakahata , John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson
发明人： Fred N. Desai , Hiroshi Nakahata , John J. Curro , Douglas H. Benson
IPC分类号： B29C55/14 , A61F13/512 , D04H1/54 , D06C3/00 , A61F13/513
CPC分类号： A61F13/512 , A61F2013/51322 , B29C55/146 , D04H1/5405 , D04H1/541 , D04H1/559 , D04H1/56 , D06C3/00 , Y10T428/24273 , Y10T428/24322
摘要： An extensible apertured nonwoven web, and a method for making such an apertured nonwoven web. In one embodiment the method comprises the steps of providing an apertured nonwoven web, incrementally stretching it in a direction substantially parallel to the cross machine direction, and applying tension in the machine direction such that the web width after applying tension is less than the web width after incremental stretching. In another embodiment the method comprises the steps of providing a nonwoven web; weakening the nonwoven web at a plurality of locations to create a plurality of weakened, melt-stabilized locations; applying a first tensioning force to the nonwoven web to cause the nonwoven web to rupture at the plurality of weakened, melt-stabilized locations creating a plurality of apertures in the nonwoven web coincident with the weakened, melt-stabilized locations, incrementally stretching the nonwoven web in a direction substantially parallel to the cross machine direction, and applying tension in the machine direction such that the web width after applying machine direction tension is less than the web width after incremental stretching. An apparatus for producing a web of the present invention by this method is also disclosed. The extensible apertured nonwoven web produced has a plurality of apertures each having a hole size greater than 2 mm2, and a hole aspect ratio less than 6, the nonwoven web having an open area greater than 15% and being capable of at least 70% extension in the cross machine direction at a loading of 10 g/cm.
摘要翻译：可扩展的有孔非织造纤网，以及制造这种有孔非织造纤维网的方法。在一个实施例中，该方法包括以下步骤：提供有孔非织造纤维网，其在基本上平行于机器方向的方向上递增拉伸，并且在机器方向施加张力，使得施加张力之后的幅材宽度小于幅材宽度增量拉伸后。在另一个实施方案中，该方法包括提供非织造纤维网的步骤; 在多个位置处弱化非织造纤维网以产生多个弱化，熔融稳定的位置; 对所述非织造纤维网施加第一张紧力以使所述非织造纤维网在所述多个弱化的熔融稳定位置处破裂，从而在所述非织造纤维网中产生与所述弱化的熔融稳定位置重合的多个孔，增量地拉伸所述非织造纤维网在大致平行于机器方向的方向上，并且沿机器方向施加张力，使得施加机器方向张力之后的卷材宽度小于增量拉伸之后的卷材宽度。还公开了一种通过该方法制造本发明的网的装置。所生产的可延伸的有孔非织造织物具有多个孔，每个孔具有大于2mm 2的孔尺寸，小于6的孔长径比，该非织造纤维网的开口面积大于15％并且能够至少延伸70％在十字机械方向上以10g / cm的载荷。

9. 发明授权

US5628097A Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web 失效
标题翻译：选择性地打开非织造纤维网的方法
公开(公告)号：US5628097A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US536228
申请日：1995-09-29
申请人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
发明人： Douglas H. Benson , John J. Curro
IPC分类号： A61F13/511 , A61F5/44 , A61F13/15 , A61F13/49 , B26F1/00 , B26F1/24 , B26F3/00 , D04H1/54 , D06C23/04 , D06H7/22 , D06C3/04 , D06C27/00
CPC分类号： B26F1/24 , A61F13/15731 , B26F1/00 , B26F3/002 , Y10T428/24273 , Y10T428/24331 , Y10T428/24826
摘要： The present invention provides a method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web. A nonwoven web is weakened along a plurality of locations and then a tensioning force is applied to the nonwoven web causing the nonwoven web to rupture at the plurality of weakened location creating a plurality of apertures in the nonwoven web coincident with the weakened locations.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了选择性地打开非织造纤维网的方法。非织造纤维网沿着多个位置被削弱，然后将张力施加到非织造纤维网上，导致非织造纤维网在多个弱化位置处破裂，从而在非织造纤维网中形成与弱化位置一致的多个孔。

10. 发明授权

US5968029A Web materials exhibiting elastic-like behavior 失效
标题翻译：网络材料表现出类似弹性的行为
公开(公告)号：US5968029A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-19
申请号：US6974
申请日：1998-01-14
申请人： Charles W. Chappell , John J. Curro , Michele A. Mansfield , Richard W. Lodge
发明人： Charles W. Chappell , John J. Curro , Michele A. Mansfield , Richard W. Lodge
IPC分类号： A61F13/15 , B29C55/18 , B32B3/28
CPC分类号： A61F13/15707 , A61F13/5116 , A61F13/514 , A61F13/51466 , A61F13/51476 , A61F13/51484 , B29C55/18 , A61F2013/51322 , A61F2013/51429 , Y10T428/24669 , Y10T428/24686
摘要： The present invention is directed to a macroscopically three-dimensional formed substrate including a first boundary zone having a first surface pathlength and a second boundary zone having a second surface pathlength. The first and the second surface pathlengths are preferably measured when the formed substrate is in a relaxed condition. The substrate also includes an elongated zone located at least partially between the first boundary zone and the second boundary zone. The elongated zone comprises incrementally stretched regions which result in the elongated zone being elongated in a first direction of elongation and having a third surface pathlength measured when the formed substrate is in the relaxed condition. The third surface pathlength is greater than either the first pathlength or the second pathlength such that the substrate takes on a macroscopic three-dimensional configuration when the backsheet is in a relaxed condition.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及包括具有第一表面路径长度的第一边界区和具有第二表面路径长度的第二边界区的宏观三维形成基底。当形成的基板处于松弛状态时，优选地测量第一和第二表面路径长度。衬底还包括至少部分地位于第一边界区域和第二边界区域之间的细长区域。细长区域包括递增拉伸区域，其导致细长区域在第一延伸方向上伸长并且具有当所形成的基底处于松弛状态时测量的第三表面路径长度。第三表面路径长度大于第一路径长度或第二路径长度，使得当底片处于松弛状态时，衬底呈现宏观三维配置。

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