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1. 发明授权

US5773541A Preparation of copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and their use 失效
标题翻译：乙烯基酯和单烯属不饱和羧酸的共聚物的制备及其用途
公开(公告)号：US5773541A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US693220
申请日：1996-08-21
申请人： Dieter Boeckh , Axel Kistenmacher , Walter Denzinger , Iris Rau , Angelika Funhoff , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
发明人： Dieter Boeckh , Axel Kistenmacher , Walter Denzinger , Iris Rau , Angelika Funhoff , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
IPC分类号： C08F2/00 , C08F2/16 , C08F2/38 , C08F2/44 , C08F4/40 , C08F8/12 , C08F218/04 , C08F218/08 , C08F218/10 , C08F220/04 , C08F220/06 , C08F222/02 , C11D3/37
CPC分类号： C11D3/3784 , C08F218/08 , C08F218/10 , C08F220/04 , C08F220/06 , C08F222/02 , C08F8/12 , C11D3/3757 , C11D3/3769
摘要： A process for preparing copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by free-radical copolymerization of (a) 20 to 80 mol % of vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and (b) 80-20 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, with or without (c) 0-30 mol % of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or (d) 0-10 mol % of monomers which contain at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of at least one sulfur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound with a reducing action and of 0.05-30% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one surface-active agent in aqueous medium in the presence of initiators and in the presence or absence of regulators, and the use of the copolymers or of the copolymers which are obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation and have vinyl alcohol units as additive to detergents and cleaners.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP95 / 00575 Sec。 371日期1996年8月21日 102（e）日期1996年8月21日PCT提交1995年2月17日PCT公布。公开号WO95 / 22569 日期1995年8月24日一种通过自由基共聚合（a）20至80mol％具有至少2个碳原子的脂肪族单羧酸的乙烯基酯和（b）80（a）的自由基共聚合制备乙烯基酯和单烯属不饱和羧酸的共聚物的方法 -20摩尔％的单烯属不饱和羧酸，具有或不具有（c）0-30摩尔％的其它可共聚单烯属不饱和单体和/或（d）0-10摩尔％的含有至少两个非共轭烯属双键的单体在具有还原作用的至少一种硫，磷和/或氮化合物和基于单体的0.05-30重量％的存在下，分子中的至少一种表面活性剂在水介质中的键引发剂的存在和存在或不存在调节剂，以及通过水解和/或氧化可获得的共聚物或共聚物的用途，并且具有乙烯醇单元作为洗涤剂和清洁剂的添加剂。

2. 发明授权

US5739241A Vinyl formate copolymers, preparation thereof, and use thereof in detergents and cleaners 失效
标题翻译：甲酸乙烯酯共聚物，其制备方法及其在洗涤剂和清洁剂中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5739241A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US750472
申请日：1996-12-16
申请人： Dieter Boeckh , Axel Kistenmacher , Walter Denzinger , Thomas Ruhl , Angelika Funhoff , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
发明人： Dieter Boeckh , Axel Kistenmacher , Walter Denzinger , Thomas Ruhl , Angelika Funhoff , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
IPC分类号： C08F218/06 , C08F220/04 , C08F222/02 , C11D3/37 , C08F22/02 , C08F20/10
CPC分类号： C11D3/3757 , C08F218/06 , C08F220/04
摘要： Copolymers containing (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate units, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of units of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of units of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in copolymerized form and having K values of at least 8 (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution on the sodium salt of the copolymers at pH 7 and 25.degree. C.), processes for their preparation by copolymerizing monomer mixtures of (a) from 5 to 90 mol % of vinyl formate, (b) from 10 to 95 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (c) from 0 to 70 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, and (d) from 0 to 30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators and use of the vinyl formate copolymers and of the vinyl alcohol copolymers obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation as detergent and cleaner additives.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP95 / 02053 Sec。 371日期1996年12月16日第 102（e）日期1996年12月16日PCT提交1995年5月31日PCT公布。公开号WO95 / 34587 日期：1995年12月21日含有（a）5〜90摩尔％甲酸乙烯酯单元的聚合物，（b）10〜95摩尔％的单烯属不饱和羧酸单元，（c）0〜70摩尔％单烯属不饱和二羧酸，和（d）0至30摩尔％的共聚形式的其它单烯属不饱和单体的单元，并且K值至少为8（通过H.Fikentscher在1％重量比浓度的水溶液中测定）在共聚物的钠盐上，在pH7和25℃下），其制备方法是通过使（a）5-90mol％的甲酸乙烯酯，（b）10至95mol％的单烯属的单体混合物不饱和羧酸，（c）0-70摩尔％的单烯属不饱和二羧酸，和（d）0-30摩尔％的其它单烯属不饱和单体在水性介质或有机溶剂中，在自由基存在下聚合引发剂和使用v 甲酸丁酯共聚物和通过水解和/或氧化作为洗涤剂和清洁剂添加剂得到的乙烯醇共聚物。

3. 发明授权

US5652330A Preparation of polycondensates of citric acid and use thereof in detergents and cleaners 失效
标题翻译：柠檬酸缩聚物的制备及其在洗涤剂和清洁剂中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5652330A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-29
申请号：US515806
申请日：1995-08-16
申请人： Dieter Boeckh , Angelika Funhoff , Alexander Kud , Richard Baur , Volker Schwendemann , Gunnar Schornick
发明人： Dieter Boeckh , Angelika Funhoff , Alexander Kud , Richard Baur , Volker Schwendemann , Gunnar Schornick
IPC分类号： C02F5/12 , C08G63/06 , C08G69/44 , C11D3/37 , C08F6/00 , C08J3/00
CPC分类号： C02F5/12 , C08G63/06 , C08G69/44 , C11D3/3757
摘要： Process for preparing polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid, by converting(a) citric acid, isocitric acid or mixtures thereof in an organic solvent in the presence of a water-withdrawing agent at least partially into the anhydride form and then condensing the reaction mixture, if desired after addition of two cocondensable compounds selected from the group consisting of(b) other hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or(c) amino acids, alcohols, amines and/or at least dibasic carboxylic acids other than carboxylic acids (a) and (b), at temperatures of at least 80.degree. C. to form polycarboxylates which have an average molecular weight of at least 500, polycondensates of citric acid and/or isocitric acid obtainable thereby, anduse of said polycondensates as ingredients in phosphate-free and reduced-phosphate detergents and cleaners, and also detergents and cleaners which contain at least one surfactant and optionally builders and other customary constituents with from 0.1 to 30% by weight of an abovementioned polyestercarboxylate.
摘要翻译：通过在吸水剂存在下，在有机溶剂中将（a）柠檬酸，异柠檬酸或其混合物至少部分转化成酸酐形式，然后将（a）柠檬酸和/或异柠檬酸的缩聚物（b）其它羟基羧酸和/或（c）氨基酸，醇，胺和/或除羧酸以外的至少二元羧酸（a）中的两种可共缩合化合物，如果需要，和（b）中，在至少80℃的温度下形成平均分子量至少为500的聚羧酸酯，由此得到的柠檬酸和/或异柠檬酸的缩聚物，以及所述缩聚物作为磷酸盐 - 游离和还原磷酸盐洗涤剂和清洁剂，以及含有至少一种表面活性剂和任选的助洗剂和其它常规组分的洗涤剂和清洁剂，其含量为0.1-30％重量的上述聚酯羧酸酯。

4. 发明授权

US5756594A Polymers containing polyacetal blocks, their preparation and their use 失效
标题翻译：含聚缩醛嵌段的聚合物，其制备及其用途
公开(公告)号：US5756594A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-26
申请号：US934084
申请日：1997-09-19
申请人： Angelika Funhoff , Dieter Boeckh , Matthias Kroner , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Gunnar Schornick , Volker Schwendemann
发明人： Angelika Funhoff , Dieter Boeckh , Matthias Kroner , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Gunnar Schornick , Volker Schwendemann
IPC分类号： C02F5/10 , C08G2/14 , C08G2/30 , C09D17/00 , C09K8/528 , C11D3/37
CPC分类号： C02F5/10 , C08G2/14 , C08G2/30 , C09D17/004 , C09K8/528 , C11D3/3711
摘要： Polymers which contain polyacetal blocks are obtainable by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and, if required hydrolyzing the ester groups present as polymerized units, process for the preparation of the polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the resulting polyacetals containing terminal hydroxyl groups with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, and the use of the resulting polymers as additives in phosphate-free and reduced phosphate detergents and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.
摘要翻译：含有聚缩醛嵌段的聚合物可以通过在引发剂的存在下聚合含有醛基的羧酸盐并在酸或路易斯酸存在下使聚合物与至少两官能交联剂反应，并且如果需要，水解作为聚合单元存在的酯基，在含有聚缩醛嵌段的聚合物的制备中，在引发剂的存在下聚合含有醛基的羧酸酯，并在酸或路易斯酸的存在下使含有末端羟基的所得聚缩醛与至少两官能交联剂反应，聚合物作为添加剂，在无磷酸盐和还原性磷酸盐洗涤剂和清洁剂中作为阻垢剂和作为颜料的分散剂。

5. 发明授权

US5747635A Modified polyaspartic acids, preparation thereof and use thereof 失效
标题翻译：改性聚天冬氨酸，其制备及其用途
公开(公告)号：US5747635A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US360684
申请日：1995-01-03
申请人： Matthias Kroner , Heinrich Hartmann , Dieter Boeckh , Angelika Funhoff , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann , Birgit Potthoff-Karl , Karl-Heinz Buechner
发明人： Matthias Kroner , Heinrich Hartmann , Dieter Boeckh , Angelika Funhoff , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann , Birgit Potthoff-Karl , Karl-Heinz Buechner
IPC分类号： C08F283/04 , C08G69/10 , C08G73/10 , C11D3/37 , C13B30/02 , A23B7/10 , C08F20/54
CPC分类号： C13B30/021 , C08F283/04 , C08G69/10 , C08G73/1092 , C11D3/3719 , C11D3/3788
摘要： Modified polyaspartic acids useful as detergent and cleaner additives, as water treatment agents and as scale inhibitors in the evaporation of sugar juice are obtainable by polycondensation of (a) from 1 to 99.9 mol % of aspartic acid with (b) from 99 to 0.1 mol % of fatty acids, polybasic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, polybasic hydroxycarboxylic acids, monobasic polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, alkoxylated alcohols and amines, amino sugars, carbohydrates, sugarcarboxylic acids and/or non-proteinogenic aminocarboxylic acids or by polymerizing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyaspartic acids in the manner of a free-radically initiated graft polymerization.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 01588 Sec。 371日期1995年1月3日 102（e）日期1995年1月3日PCT提交1993年6月22日PCT公布。公开号WO94 / 01486 日期1994年1月20日修饰的聚天冬氨酸可用作洗涤剂和清洁剂添加剂，作为水处理剂和作为糖浆蒸发中的阻垢剂，可通过（a）1至99.9mol％的天冬氨酸与（b） 99至0.1摩尔％的脂肪酸，多元羧酸，多元羧酸的酸酐，多元羟基羧酸，一元多羟基羧酸，醇，胺，烷氧基化醇和胺，氨基糖，碳水化合物，糖羧酸和/或非蛋白质在聚天冬氨酸存在下以自由基引发的接枝聚合的方式聚合单烯属不饱和单体。

6. 发明授权

US5399286A Polyacetals, preparation thereof and use thereof in detergents 失效
标题翻译：聚缩醛，其制备方法及其在洗涤剂中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5399286A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-21
申请号：US104154
申请日：1993-08-20
申请人： Angelika Funhoff , Hans-Peter Seelmann-Eggebert , Heinrich Hartmann , Richard Baur , Volker Schwendemann , Alexander Kud , Werner Bertleff
发明人： Angelika Funhoff , Hans-Peter Seelmann-Eggebert , Heinrich Hartmann , Richard Baur , Volker Schwendemann , Alexander Kud , Werner Bertleff
IPC分类号： C08G2/10 , C08G2/14 , C08G2/18 , C11D3/37 , C11D3/00
CPC分类号： C11D3/3711 , C08G2/14 , C08G2/18
摘要： Polyacetals useful as detergent additives contain units of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or COOM,M is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine group, andm is from 0 to 9,have K values (determined by the method of H. Fikentscher on the sodium salt in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution at 25.degree. C. and pH 7) of at least 8.5, and are prepared by polymerizing compounds of the formula ##STR2## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or COOM,M is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolamine group,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andm is from 0 to 9,in the presence of initiators and optionally comonomers with or without hydrolysis of the ester groups.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 00332 Sec。 371日期：1993年8月20日 102（e）日期1993年8月20日PCT提交1992年2月18日PCT公布。第WO92 / 15629号公报可用作洗涤剂添加剂的聚缩醛包含式“IMAGE”的单元，其中R是氢，C 1 -C 4 - 烷基或COOM，M是C 1 -C 4 - 烷基或碱金属，铵或链烷醇胺基，并且m为0至9，具有至少8.5的K值（通过H.Fikentscher在钠盐上的在1％重量比的25℃和pH7的水溶液中的方法测定）为8.5，并且由聚合化学式为“IMAGE”的化合物，其中R是氢，C 1 -C 4烷基或COOM，M是C 1 -C 4烷基或碱金属，铵或烷醇胺基，R 2是C 1 -C 4 - 烷基，m是在引发剂和任选的具有或不具有酯基水解的共聚单体的存在下进行。

7. 发明授权

US5506332A Preparation of polyacetals, use thereof and novel polyacetals 失效
标题翻译：聚缩醛的制备，其用途和新型聚缩醛
公开(公告)号：US5506332A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US374527
申请日：1995-02-02
申请人： Angelika Funhoff , Graham E. McKee , Heinrich Hartmann , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
发明人： Angelika Funhoff , Graham E. McKee , Heinrich Hartmann , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
IPC分类号： B01F17/00 , B01F17/52 , C08G2/12 , C08G2/18 , C08G2/28 , C08G2/30 , C08G4/00 , C11D3/37
CPC分类号： C11D3/3711 , B01F17/0028 , C08G2/18 , C08G4/00
摘要： A process for preparing polyacetals by copolymerization of glyoxylic esters with other copolymerizable monomers in the presence of anionic or cationic polymerization initiators, with or without the introduction of stable end groups and with or without hydrolysis of the copolymerized units of glyoxylic ester present in the copolymer comprises using as monomers cyclic formals derived from diols, homopolymers of formaldehyde, trioxepane or mixtures thereof, although up to 50% by weight of this group of monomers may be replaced by other customary copolymerizable monomers, and the poly(acetal-carboxylate)s thus obtainable are useful as additives in reduced-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners, as water treatment agents and as dispersants for finely divided substances.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 02176 Sec。 371日期：1995年2月2日 102（e）1995年2月2日PCT PCT 1993年8月16日PCT公布。公开号WO94 / 04585 日本3月3日，1994年。一种通过在阴离子或阳离子聚合引发剂的存在下将乙醛酸酯与其它可共聚单体共聚制备聚缩醛的方法，具有或不引入稳定的端基并且有或没有水解共聚单元存在于共聚物中的乙醛酸酯包括使用衍生自二醇的环状缩甲醛，甲醛的均聚物，三氧杂环己烷或其混合物，尽管该组单体的至多50重量％可被其它常规可共聚单体代替，聚缩醛羧酸盐）可用作还原磷酸盐和无磷酸盐洗涤剂和清洁剂中的添加剂，作为水处理剂和用作细碎物质的分散剂。

8. 发明授权

US5639723A Reaction products of polybasic carboxylic acids and amino-containing compounds, their preparation and their use in detergents and cleaning agents 失效
标题翻译：多元羧酸和含氨基化合物的反应产物，它们的制备及其在洗涤剂和清洁剂中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5639723A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US367322
申请日：1995-01-23
申请人： Matthias Kroner , Heinrich Hartmann , Dieter Boeckh , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
发明人： Matthias Kroner , Heinrich Hartmann , Dieter Boeckh , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
IPC分类号： C08G69/00 , C08G73/00 , C11D3/20 , C11D3/37
CPC分类号： C11D3/2082 , C08G69/00 , C08G73/00 , C11D3/2086 , C11D3/37
摘要： Reaction products of polybasic acids and amino-containing compounds, which are obtainable by heating a mixture of (a) a polybasic carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, itaconic acid and/or tartaric acid and (b) an amino-containing compound in a molar ratio of (a) to (b) of from 1:0.1 to 1:10 to at least 80.degree. C. are used as additives in low-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaning agents.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 01893 Sec。 371日期1995年1月23日 102（e）日期1995年1月23日PCT提交1993年7月17日PCT公布。出版物WO94 / 03576 日期：1994年2月17日多元酸和含氨基化合物的反应产物，其可通过加热（a）选自柠檬酸，异柠檬酸，乌头酸，衣康酸和/或其中的多元羧酸的混合物和/ 或酒石酸，（b）摩尔比为（a）〜（b）为1：0.1〜1:10〜80的氨基化合物作为低磷酸盐和磷酸盐的添加剂 - 清洁剂和清洁剂。

9. 发明授权

US5488095A Condensation products that contain N,O-acetal or carboxamide structures, preparation thereof, use thereof, and condensation products that contain acetal-lactone structures 失效
标题翻译：含有N，O-缩醛或羧酰胺结构的缩合产物，其制备方法及其含有缩醛内酯结构的缩合产物
公开(公告)号：US5488095A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-30
申请号：US367230
申请日：1995-01-18
申请人： Dieter Boeckh , Angelika Funhof , Matthias Kroner , Heinrich Hartmann , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
发明人： Dieter Boeckh , Angelika Funhof , Matthias Kroner , Heinrich Hartmann , Richard Baur , Alexander Kud , Volker Schwendemann
IPC分类号： C08G16/00 , C08G63/91 , C08G69/00 , C08G69/50 , C08G73/02 , C11D3/37 , C08G63/06 , C08G12/00
CPC分类号： C11D3/3719 , C08G16/00 , C08G63/912 , C08G69/00 , C08G69/50 , C08G73/0213
摘要： Condensation products that contain N,O-acetal or carboxamide structures and are useful as detergent and cleaner additives are obtainable by condensation of(a) compounds that contain at least one unit of the structural elements ##STR1## where X is OH or NHR and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or --CH.sub.2 --COOH, with(b) aldehydes, ketones or aldehyde- or keto-carboxylic acids to form acetal-lactones, and subsequent cleavage of the acetal-lactones with(c) aminocarboxylic acids, primary or secondary amines and/or polyethyleneimines.
摘要翻译：含有N，O-缩醛或羧酰胺结构并可用作洗涤剂和清洁剂添加剂的缩合产物可通过（a）含有至少一个单元的结构单元的化合物的缩合获得，其中X是OH或NHR，R 是具有（b）醛，酮或醛 - 或酮 - 羧酸的C 1 -C 6烷基或-CH 2 -COOH，形成缩醛 - 内酯，随后用（c）氨基羧酸，初级或仲胺和/或聚乙烯亚胺。

10. 发明授权

US5639832A Preparation of products of the reaction of polyaspartimide and amino acids and the use thereof 失效
标题翻译：聚天冬氨酰亚胺和氨基酸反应产物的制备及其应用
公开(公告)号：US5639832A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US507291
申请日：1995-09-06
申请人： Matthias Kroner , Gunnar Schornick , Dieter Boeckh , Richard Baur , Birgit Potthoff-Karl , Volker Schwendemann , Christian Schade , Alexander Kud
发明人： Matthias Kroner , Gunnar Schornick , Dieter Boeckh , Richard Baur , Birgit Potthoff-Karl , Volker Schwendemann , Christian Schade , Alexander Kud
IPC分类号： B01F17/52 , C08G69/08 , C08G69/10 , C08G73/00 , C08G73/10 , C11D3/37 , C08F283/00 , C08G63/91
CPC分类号： C08G69/08 , C08G69/10 , C08G73/1092 , C11D3/3719
摘要： Process for the preparation of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides and amino acids by reaction of amino acids with polyaspartimides in aqueous medium at pH values at which at least 5% of the amino groups in the amino acids are in non-protonated form in equilibrium with the protonated form, and use of the reaction products obtainable in this way and of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides with alkanolamines or aminated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -fatty alcohol alkoxylates which contain as copolymerized units up to 50 mol % of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mol of fatty alcohol, as additive to detergents and cleaners, as scale inhibitor and as dispersant.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP94 / 00511 Sec。 371日期：1995年9月6日 102（e）1995年9月6日PCT PCT 1994年2月23日PCT公布。 WO94 / 20563 PCT出版物日期1994年9月15日通过氨基酸与聚天冬酰胺在水性介质中的反应制备聚天冬酰胺和氨基酸的反应产物的过程，其pH值为至少5％氨基酸中的氨基是非 - 质子化形式与质子化形式平衡，以及可以以这种方式获得的反应产物和聚天冬酰胺与链烷醇胺或胺化C1-C30-脂肪醇烷氧基化物反应的产物的使用，其含有高达50mol％乙烯的共聚单元氧化物和/或环氧丙烷/摩尔脂肪醇，作为除垢剂和清洁剂的添加剂，作为阻垢剂和分散剂。

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