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1. 发明授权

US5064514A Apparatus for the production of chloric acid 失效
标题翻译：用于生产氯酸的装置
公开(公告)号：US5064514A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-12
申请号：US502099
申请日：1990-03-30
申请人： David W. Cawlfield , Harry J. Loftis
发明人： David W. Cawlfield , Harry J. Loftis
IPC分类号： C25B1/26 , C25B1/28 , C25B1/30 , C25B9/00 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/20
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , C25B1/28 , C25B9/08
摘要： An electrolytic filter press membrane cell and a method of operating the cell are disclosed to produce concentrated chloric acid. The cell employs concentrated hypochlorous acid as the anolyte and operates at high current density. The anode structure employs a high surface area to volume ratio structure that is thin and minimizes anolyte residence time in the cell.
摘要翻译：公开了一种电解压滤膜和其操作方法以产生浓氯酸。电池采用浓缩次氯酸作为阳极电解液，并以高电流密度工作。阳极结构采用薄的表面积与体积比结构，并使阳极液在电池中的停留时间最小化。

2. 发明授权

US5651951A Hydroxylammonium nitrate free of ammonium nitrate 失效
标题翻译：硝酸铵不含硝酸铵
公开(公告)号：US5651951A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-29
申请号：US445480
申请日：1995-05-22
申请人： David W. Cawlfield , Ronald L. Dotson , Harry J. Loftis , Sanders H. Moore , Robert T. Brooker , Jay S. Stirrat
发明人： David W. Cawlfield , Ronald L. Dotson , Harry J. Loftis , Sanders H. Moore , Robert T. Brooker , Jay S. Stirrat
IPC分类号： C01B21/14 , C01B21/20
CPC分类号： C01B21/1454
摘要： The present invention relates to a multi-step process for producing HAN that is free of ammonium nitrate. The process comprises the steps of: (a) stripping ammonia from an ammonia-containing, aqueous hydroxylamine solution having a hydroxylamine concentration of at least 10% by weight based upon the weight of the hydroxylamine solution, by contacting the ammonia-containing hydroxylamine solution with a stripping agent selected from the group consisting of inert gases and steam to provide an ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution, and (b) reacting the ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution with aqueous nitric acid having an acid concentration of at least about 0.1%, preferably at least about 20%, based upon the weight of the aqueous nitric acid, to produce ammonium nitrate-free HAN. In another process embodiment of the invention, the above-described ammonia stripping step is not required, and the hydroxylamine concentration is at least about 0.5%, based upon the weight of the reaction mixture employed. Also disclosed is the ammonium nitrate-free HAN product produced by the process of this invention.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种不含硝酸铵的生产HAN的多步法。该方法包括以下步骤：（a）通过使含氨的羟胺溶液与含羟胺的羟胺溶液接触，从基于羟胺溶液重量的羟胺浓度至少为10重量％的含氨基羟胺溶液中除去氨选自惰性气体和蒸汽的汽提剂，以提供无氨的羟胺水溶液，和（b）使无氨水羟胺溶液与酸浓度为至少约0.1的硝酸水溶液反应％，优选至少约20％，基于硝酸水溶液的重量，以产生不含硝酸铵的HAN。在本发明的另一方法实施方案中，不需要上述氨汽提步骤，并且基于所用反应混合物的重量，羟胺浓度为至少约0.5％。还公开了通过本发明的方法生产的不含硝酸铵的HAN产物。

3. 发明授权

US5510097A Hydroxylammonium nitrate free of ammonium nitrate 失效
标题翻译：硝酸铵不含硝酸铵
公开(公告)号：US5510097A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US245928
申请日：1994-05-19
申请人： David W. Cawlfield , Ronald L. Dotson , Harry J. Loftis , Sanders H. Moore , Robert T. Brooker , Jay S. Stirrat
发明人： David W. Cawlfield , Ronald L. Dotson , Harry J. Loftis , Sanders H. Moore , Robert T. Brooker , Jay S. Stirrat
IPC分类号： C01B21/14 , C01B21/20
CPC分类号： C01B21/1454
摘要： The present invention relates to a multi-step process for producing HAN that is free of ammonium nitrate. The process comprises the steps of: (a) stripping ammonia from an ammonia-containing, aqueous hydroxylamine solution having a hydroxylamine concentration of at least 10% by weight based upon the weight of the hydroxylamine solution, by contacting the ammonia-containing hydroxylamine solution with a stripping agent selected from the group consisting of inert gases and steam to provide an ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution, and (b) reacting the ammonia-free, aqueous hydroxylamine solution with aqueous nitric acid having an acid concentration of at least about 0.1%, preferably at least about 20%, based upon the weight of the aqueous nitric acid, to produce ammonium nitrate-free HAN. In another process embodiment of the invention, the above-described ammonia stripping step is not required, and the hydroxylamine concentration is at least about 0.5%, based upon the weight of the reaction mixture employed. Also disclosed is the ammonium nitrate-free HAN product produced by the process of this invention.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种不含硝酸铵的生产HAN的多步法。该方法包括以下步骤：（a）通过使含氨的羟胺溶液与含羟胺的羟胺溶液接触，从基于羟胺溶液重量的羟胺浓度至少为10重量％的含氨基羟胺溶液中除去氨选自惰性气体和蒸汽的汽提剂，以提供无氨的羟胺水溶液，和（b）使无氨水羟胺溶液与酸浓度为至少约0.1的硝酸水溶液反应％，优选至少约20％，基于硝酸水溶液的重量，以产生不含硝酸铵的HAN。在本发明的另一方法实施方案中，不需要上述氨汽提步骤，并且基于所用反应混合物的重量，羟胺浓度为至少约0.5％。还公开了通过本发明的方法生产的不含硝酸铵的HAN产物。

4. 发明授权

US6088630A Automatic control system for unit operation 失效
标题翻译：自动控制系统进行单元运行
公开(公告)号：US6088630A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-11
申请号：US188109
申请日：1998-11-09
申请人： David W. Cawlfield
发明人： David W. Cawlfield
IPC分类号： B01D3/42 , G05B17/02 , G05B21/00 , C25D17/00
CPC分类号： B01D3/4255 , G05B17/02 , Y10S203/19
摘要： Automatic control systems, and corresponding processes, for controlling either an anode adjuster in a chlor/alkali cell or at least one average middle temperature of a distillation column wherein the combination of feedback control from at least one real unit operation variable and an embedded real-time dynamic simulation of that variable are used.
摘要翻译：自动控制系统和相应的过程，用于控制氯/碱电池中的阳极调节器或蒸馏塔的至少一个平均中间温度，其中来自至少一个实际单元操作变量和嵌入式实时变量的反馈控制的组合，使用该变量的时间动态模拟。

5. 发明授权

US5411643A Integrated process of using chloric acid to separate zinc oxide and manganese oxide 失效
标题翻译：使用氯酸分离氧化锌和氧化锰的综合过程
公开(公告)号：US5411643A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-02
申请号：US228631
申请日：1994-04-18
申请人： David W. Cawlfield , Leslie R. Ward
发明人： David W. Cawlfield , Leslie R. Ward
IPC分类号： C01G9/02 , C01G45/02 , C25C1/16 , H01M6/52
CPC分类号： C22B19/22 , C01G45/02 , C01G9/02 , H01M6/52 , C01P2002/80 , C01P2004/80 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P20/125 , Y02W30/84
摘要： A process for producing manganese dioxide and zinc metal comprising the steps of:(1) reacting a mixture of zinc oxide and manganese oxide with an aqueous chloric acid solution wherein the chloric acid is in molar excess of the manganese oxide in a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture in the zone comprising chlorine gas, a solid phase containing manganese dioxide, and a liquid phase containing zinc oxide, chloric acid and water; the concentration of chloric acid in the liquid phase is greater than about 1% by weight of the liquid phase upon leaving the reaction zone;(2) separating the chlorine gas from the solid phase and the liquid phase;(3) separating the solid phase containing manganese dioxide from the liquid phase containing zinc ions, chlorate ions, chloric acid, and water thereby forming a separated solid phase and a separated liquid phase;(4) subjecting the separated liquid phase to electrolysis in an electrochemical cell, thereby producing zinc metal at the cathode and oxygen at the anode;(5) removing water from said separated liquid phase to concentrate the chloric acid in the separated liquid phase thereby forming a separated solid phase and a separated liquid phase;(6) returning the separated and concentrated liquid phase back to the reaction zone; and(7) recovering the zinc metal from the electrolytic cell.
摘要翻译：一种生产二氧化锰和锌金属的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）使氧化锌和氧化锰的混合物与氯酸水溶液反应，其中氯酸在反应区中与氧化锰摩尔过量以形成在包含氯气的区域中的反应混合物，含有二氧化锰的固相和含有氧化锌，氯酸和水的液相; 在离开反应区时，液相中氯酸的浓度大于液相重量的约1％; （2）从固相和液相中分离出氯气; （3）从含有锌离子，氯酸根离子，氯酸和水的液相中分离含有二氧化锰的固相，由此形成分离的固相和分离的液相; （4）在电化学电池中对分离的液相进行电解，从而在阴极处产生锌金属和在阳极处产生氧; （5）从分离的液相中除去水分，将氯酸浓缩在分离的液相中，从而形成分离的固相和分离的液相; （6）使分离浓缩的液相返回到反应区; 和（7）从电解槽回收锌金属。

6. 发明授权

US5401477A Process for producing solid manganese dioxide 失效
标题翻译：生产固体二氧化锰的方法
公开(公告)号：US5401477A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US180838
申请日：1994-01-12
申请人： David W. Cawlfield , Leslie R. Ward
发明人： David W. Cawlfield , Leslie R. Ward
IPC分类号： B01D11/02 , B01D11/04 , C01G9/02 , C01G45/02 , H01M6/52
CPC分类号： C01G9/02 , C01G45/02 , C22B19/22 , H01M6/52 , C01P2002/80 , C01P2004/80 , Y02P10/234 , Y02W30/84
摘要： A process for producing manganese dioxide comprising the steps of:(1) reacting manganese oxide with a molar excess of an aqueous chloric acid solution in a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture in said zone comprising chlorine gas, a solid phase containing manganese dioxide, and a liquid phase containing chloric acid and water; the concentration of chloric acid in said liquid phase is greater than about 5% by weight of said liquid phase upon leaving the reaction zone;(2) separating said chlorine gas from said solid phase and said liquid phase;(3) separating said solid phase containing manganese dioxide from liquid phase containing chloric acid and water;(4) removing water from said separated liquid phase to concentrate said chloric acid in said separated liquid phase; and(5) returning said separated and concentrated liquid phase back to said reaction zone for further reaction with manganese oxide.
摘要翻译：一种制备二氧化锰的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）在反应区中使氧化锰与摩尔过量的氯酸水溶液反应，以在所述的包含氯气的区域中形成反应混合物，含有二氧化锰的固相，和含有氯酸和水的液相; 所述液相中氯酸的浓度在离开反应区时大于所述液相的约5重量％; （2）从所述固相和所述液相中分离出所述氯气; （3）从包含氯酸和水的液相中分离含有二氧化锰的固相; （4）从所述分离的液相中除去水以将所述氯酸浓缩在所述分离的液相中; 和（5）将所述分离和浓缩的液相返回到所述反应区，以进一步与氧化锰反应。

7. 发明授权

US5242553A Chloric acid-alkali metal chlorate mixtures for chlorine dioxide generation 失效
标题翻译：用于二氧化氯生成的氯酸 - 碱金属氯酸盐混合物
公开(公告)号：US5242553A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US918334
申请日：1992-07-21
申请人： Jerry J. Kaczur , David W. Cawlfield , Kenneth E. Woodard, Jr. , Budd L. Duncan
发明人： Jerry J. Kaczur , David W. Cawlfield , Kenneth E. Woodard, Jr. , Budd L. Duncan
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , B01J19/24 , C01B11/02 , C01B11/12 , C25B1/26
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , B01J19/2475 , C01B11/023 , C01B11/12 , B01J2219/00058 , B01J2219/00103 , B01J2219/00164
摘要： An aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate is produced in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment, a cathode compartment, and at least one ion exchange compartment between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment. The process comprises feeding an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate to the ion exchange compartment, electrolyzing an anolyte in the anode compartment to generate hydrogen ions, passing the hydrogen ions from the anode compartment through a cation exchange membrane into the ion exchange compartment to displace alkali metal ions and produce an aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate, passing alkali metal ions from the ion exchange compartment into the cathode compartment, removing the aqueous solution of chloric acid and alkali metal chlorate from the ion exchange compartment, and, increasing the concentration of chloric acid in the aqueous solution of chloric acid which is substantially free of anionic and cationic impurities to to provide a chloric acid concentration of 1.0 normal or greater.
摘要翻译：在具有阳极室，阴极室和在阳极室和阴极室之间的至少一个离子交换室的电解池中产生氯酸和碱金属氯酸盐的水溶液。该方法包括将碱金属氯酸盐的水溶液进料到离子交换室，电解阳极室中的阳极电解液以产生氢离子，使来自阳极室的氢离子通过阳离子交换膜进入离子交换隔室以使其位移生成氯酸和碱金属氯酸盐的水溶液，使碱金属离子从离子交换室进入阴极室，从离子交换室除去氯酸和碱金属氯酸盐水溶液，并增加基本上不含阴离子和阳离子杂质的氯酸水溶液中的氯酸浓度提供1.0正常或更高的氯酸浓度。

8. 发明授权

US4810483A Process for producing anhydrous alkali metal hydrosulfites 失效
标题翻译：无水碱金属连二亚硫酸盐的制备方法
公开(公告)号：US4810483A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US56040
申请日：1987-06-01
申请人： David W. Cawlfield , Roger E. Bolick, II , Joan A. Mabesoone
发明人： David W. Cawlfield , Roger E. Bolick, II , Joan A. Mabesoone
IPC分类号： C01B17/66 , C04B33/10 , C01B17/45
CPC分类号： C04B33/10 , C01B17/66
摘要： A process for producing an anhydrous alkali metal hydrosulfite comprises contacting hydrate crystals of an alkali metal hydrosulfite with an alkaline aqueous solution of a dehydrating agent having a pH of at least about 7. The slurry formed is maintained at or above the transition temperature to covert the hydrate crystals to anhydrous crystals of the alkali metal hydrosulfite. The process permits the conversion of hydrate crystals to produce anhydrous crystals of alkali metal hydrosulfite without substantial dissolving or decomposition of the alkali metal hydrosulfite.
摘要翻译：制备无水碱金属连二亚硫酸盐的方法包括将碱金属连二亚硫酸盐的水合物晶体与pH至少为约7的脱水剂的碱性水溶液接触。所形成的淤浆保持在或高于转变温度以使将晶体水合至碱金属连二亚硫酸盐的无水晶体。该方法允许水合物晶体的转化产生碱金属连二亚硫酸盐的无水晶体，而碱金属连二亚硫酸盐不会明显溶解或分解。

9. 发明授权

US4793906A Electrochemical process for producing hydrosulfite solutions 失效
标题翻译：生产连二亚硫酸盐溶液的电化学工艺
公开(公告)号：US4793906A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-27
申请号：US892518
申请日：1986-08-04
申请人： Roger E. Bolick, II , David W. Cawlfield , Jimmy M. French
发明人： Roger E. Bolick, II , David W. Cawlfield , Jimmy M. French
IPC分类号： C25D1/00 , C25B1/00 , C25B1/14 , C25B9/00 , C25B9/08
CPC分类号： C25B1/14
摘要： A process for the electrochemical production of an alkali metal hydrosulfite by the reduction of an alkali metal bisulfite component of a circulated aqueous catholyte solution in an electrolytic membrane cell having a cathode compartment, a porous cathode in the cathode compartment, an anode compartment and a cation exchange membrane separating the cathode compartment from the anode compartment, which comprises passing at least 30 percent by volume of the aqueous catholyte through the pores of the porous cathode in the cathode compartment.High purity solutions of alkali metal hydrosulfites, such as sodium hydrosulfite having concentrations of at least 120 grams per liter, are produced at current densities in the range of 1.0 to 4.5 KA/m.sup.2 and at reduced cell voltages. The thiosulfate impurity concentration is from 0 to about 10 percent by weight of the hydrosulfite.

10. 发明授权

US4761216A Multilayer electrode 失效
标题翻译：多层电极
公开(公告)号：US4761216A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-02
申请号：US109896
申请日：1987-10-19
申请人： David W. Cawlfield
发明人： David W. Cawlfield
IPC分类号： C25B1/14 , C25B9/20 , C25B11/03 , B32B7/00 , C25B11/04 , C25B11/12
CPC分类号： C25B11/035 , C25B1/14 , C25B9/20 , Y10T428/24322 , Y10T428/24992
摘要： An improved multiple layered porous electrode for use in an electrochemical membrane cell is provided having a first perforated support layer, a second layer of fibers, a third layer of fibers less dense than the second layer and a fourth layer of meshed wire cloth.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于电化学膜电池的改进的多层多孔电极，其具有第一穿孔支撑层，第二纤维层，比第二层密度低的第三层纤维和第四层网状布线。

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