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1. 发明授权

US5938404A Oscillating air jets on aerodynamic surfaces 失效
标题翻译：空气动力学表面上的振荡空气喷射
公开(公告)号：US5938404A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-17
申请号：US869372
申请日：1997-06-05
申请人： David B. Domzalski , Ahmed A. Hassan , Dennis K. Kennedy
发明人： David B. Domzalski , Ahmed A. Hassan , Dennis K. Kennedy
IPC分类号： B64C23/04 , B64C27/00 , B64C27/04
CPC分类号： B64C27/001 , B64C23/04 , B64C2230/02 , B64C2230/04 , B64C2230/06 , B64C2230/14 , B64C2230/18 , B64C2230/22 , B64C2230/28 , Y02T50/166 , Y10S416/50
摘要： An active control device for use on an aerodynamic structure is provided. The aerodynamic structure includes an outer aerodynamic skin and an interior volume, wherein the outer aerodynamic skin surrounds the interior volume. The active control device includes at least one aperture disposed on the outer aerodynamic skin and a diaphragm disposed in the interior volume of the aerodynamic structure. The at least one aperture connects the outer aerodynamic skin to the interior volume, and the diaphragm in the interior volume is movable between a first position and a second position. Movement of the diaphragm from the first position to the second position pushes air through the at least one aperture and out of the interior volume. Movement of the diaphragm from the second position to the first position draws air through the at least one aperture and into the interior volume. The diaphragm may be circular, or may be oval-shaped.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于空气动力学结构的主动控制装置。空气动力学结构包括外部空气动力学皮肤和内部空间，其中外部空气动力学皮肤围绕内部空间。主动控制装置包括设置在外部空气动力学皮肤上的至少一个孔和设置在空气动力结构的内部空间中的隔膜。至少一个孔将外部空气动力学皮肤连接到内部空间，并且内部空间中的隔膜可在第一位置和第二位置之间移动。隔膜从第一位置到第二位置的移动推动空气穿过至少一个孔并离开内部空间。隔膜从第二位置到第一位置的移动通过至少一个孔吸入空气并进入内部空间。隔膜可以是圆形的，或者可以是椭圆形。

2. 发明授权

US5813625A Active blowing system for rotorcraft vortex interaction noise reduction 失效
标题翻译：主动吹风系统用于旋翼飞机的涡流相互作用降噪
公开(公告)号：US5813625A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US727980
申请日：1996-10-09
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , Friedrich K. Straub , David B. Domzalski , Dennis K. Kennedy
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , Friedrich K. Straub , David B. Domzalski , Dennis K. Kennedy
IPC分类号： B64C23/06 , B64C27/467 , B64C27/00
CPC分类号： B64C27/467 , B64C23/06 , B64C2230/04 , B64C2230/06 , B64C2230/14 , B64C2230/22 , B64C2230/28 , Y02T50/162 , Y02T50/166
摘要： A pressurized porous surface near the leading edge of a rotorcraft blade, is designed to be used as an active control device which alleviates the aerodynamics of blade vortex interactions (BVI) and thus the impulsive BVI noise levels and signature. The pressurized porous surface can be actuated on an azimuth-dependent deployment schedule or actuated continuously. The pressurized porous surface is supplied with either positively pressurized air, negatively pressurized air, or a combination of both, when actuated. The pressurized porous surface targets the local blade aerodynamics, rather than the vortex strength or blade/vortex separation distance. This targeting can be achieved through use of negatively pressurized air (suction) blowing in a direction normal to the blade surface to reduce the rotor blade's effective thickness resulting in a smaller leading edge radius as perceived by the vortex wake, and positively pressurized air (blowing) to increase the effective thickness resulting in an increase in the leading edge radius of the blade.
摘要翻译：旋翼飞机叶片前缘附近的加压多孔表面被设计为用作主动控制装置，其减轻叶片涡流相互作用（BVI）的空气动力学，从而减轻脉冲BVI噪声水平和签名。加压的多孔表面可以在依赖于方位的部署计划上被致动或连续致动。被加压的多孔表面在被致动时被供应有正压空气，负压空气或两者的组合。加压多孔表面针对局部叶片的空气动力学，而不是涡流强度或叶片/涡流分离距离。这种瞄准可以通过在垂直于叶片表面的方向上使用负压空气（吸入）吹气来实现，以减小转子叶片的有效厚度，从而导致由涡流尾迹感知到的较小的前缘半径，以及正压的空气）以增加有效厚度，导致叶片的前缘半径增加。

3. 发明授权

US6092990A Oscillating air jets for helicopter rotor aerodynamic control and BVI noise reduction 失效
标题翻译：用于直升机转子空气动力学控制和BVI降噪的振荡空气喷射
公开(公告)号：US6092990A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US869725
申请日：1997-06-05
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , Friedrich K. Straub , David B. Domzalski
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , Friedrich K. Straub , David B. Domzalski
IPC分类号： B64C23/04 , B64C27/467 , B64C27/51 , B64C27/04
CPC分类号： B64C27/467 , B64C23/04 , B64C27/51 , B64C2027/725 , B64C2230/02 , B64C2230/04 , B64C2230/06 , B64C2230/14 , B64C2230/18 , B64C2230/22 , B64C2230/28 , Y02T50/166 , Y02T50/34 , Y10S416/50
摘要： An active control system for reducing blade-vortex-interaction (BVI) noise generated by a rotor blade. The active control system includes a pressure sensor assembly, a device for changing a lift generated by the rotor blade, and a controller for activating the device upon a detected change in air pressure by the sensor assembly. The sensor assembly is disposed in close proximity to the rotor blade, and is adapted to detect a change in air pressure on a surface of the rotor blade near a leading edge of the rotor blade. The device is adapted to be activated by the controller, to thereby change a lift of the rotor blade. The controller activates the device to change a lift of the rotor blade in order to introduce a compensating pressure onto the surface of the rotor blade. This compensating pressure attenuates the magnitude of the change of air pressure. The device for changing a lift generated by the rotor blade can include at least one aperture on the rotor blade and a diaphragm in the interior of the rotor blade. The diaphragm can be activated and moved between a first position and a second position at a frequency. Movement of the diaphragm from the first position to the second position pushes air out of the at least one aperture, and movement of the diaphragm from the second position to the first position draws air into the at least one aperture.
摘要翻译：一种用于减少由转子叶片产生的叶片 - 涡流相互作用（BVI）噪声的主动控制系统。主动控制系统包括压力传感器组件，用于改变由转子叶片产生的升力的装置，以及用于通过传感器组件检测到的空气压力变化来启动装置的控制器。传感器组件设置成紧邻转子叶片，并且适于检测在转子叶片的前缘附近的转子叶片的表面上的空气压力的变化。该装置适于被控制器激活，从而改变转子叶片的升力。控制器激活装置以改变转子叶片的升力，以便在转子叶片的表面上引入补偿压力。这种补偿压力会降低气压变化的大小。用于改变由转子叶片产生的升力的装置可包括转子叶片上的至少一个孔和转子叶片内部的隔膜。隔膜可以在第一位置和第二位置之间以一个频率被激活和移动。隔膜从第一位置移动到第二位置将空气推出至少一个孔，并且隔膜从第二位置移动到第一位置将空气吸入至少一个孔。

4. 发明授权

US06860770B2 Method and device for low-noise underwater propulsion and for reducing hull drag 有权
标题翻译：用于低噪声水下推进和减少船体阻力的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06860770B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-01
申请号：US10631125
申请日：2003-07-31
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski
IPC分类号： B63H11/06 , F04B17/04 , B63H11/00
CPC分类号： B63H11/06 , B63G2013/022 , F04B17/044
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed for producing propulsion underwater with minimal acoustical emission. In basic concept, the method comprises the expulsion and sucking of liquid into and out of a liquid port of a watercraft in a manner generating compression and expansion waves adjacent the liquid port. Such expansion and compression waves generate a positive net thrust on the watercraft in a direction opposite that of their expulsion. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus for reducing the drag caused by hull skin friction by actively increasing the momentum of the liquid stream boundary layer adjacent a watercraft via the expulsion of fluid (liquid or gas) from ports in the hull of such a watercraft.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在最小声发射下生产水下推进的方法和装置。在基本概念中，该方法包括以邻近液体端口产生压缩和膨胀波的方式将液体排出和吸入船舶的液体端口。这种膨胀和压缩波在与其驱逐相反的方向上产生对船只的正净推力。还公开了一种用于通过从这种船舶的船体中的端口排出流体（液体或气体）而主动地增加邻近船舶的液体流边界层的动量来减少由船体表面摩擦引起的阻力的方法和装置。

5. 发明授权

US06471477B2 Jet actuators for aerodynamic surfaces 有权
标题翻译：用于气动表面的喷气执行机构
公开(公告)号：US06471477B2
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US09742489
申请日：2000-12-22
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski
IPC分类号： B64C2704
CPC分类号： B64C23/04 , B64C2230/02 , Y02T50/166
摘要： A jet actuator positioned within a hollow space in an aerodynamic structure for controlling the flow over an aerodynamic surface thereof includes a movable member linearly displaced by a voice coil mechanism and a flexible diaphragm defining a compression chamber open to the exterior of the aerodynamic surface through an orifice. Reciprocal displacement of the movable member changes the shape of the flexible diaphragm to alternately expel fluid (e.g., air) from and pull fluid into the compression chamber through the orifice. The movable member includes a pair of pistons joined by a cross element, one of the pistons being attached to the flexible diaphragm. In one embodiment, the flexible diaphragm comprises a bladder sealed around the orifice. The movable member is desirably made of composite material to reduce its inertia, and at least the piston attached to the flexible diaphragm may be stiffened with a composite laminate structure. Fluid intake to the compression chamber may be increased through the use of a one-way valve located either in the aerodynamic surface, or in the piston. In this regard, multiple flapper valves may surround the orifice in the aerodynamic surface for increased fluid ingestion.
摘要翻译：位于空气动力结构中的中空空间内的喷气致动器，用于控制其空气动力学表面上的流动，包括由音圈机构线性移位的可移动部件和限定通过空气动力学表面外部的压缩室的柔性隔膜孔。可动构件的往复位移改变了柔性隔膜的形状，以便将流体（例如空气）交替地排出并通过孔口将流体拉入压缩室。可动构件包括一对由十字元件连接的活塞，一个活塞附接到柔性隔膜。在一个实施例中，柔性隔膜包括围绕孔口密封的囊。可移动部件期望地由复合材料制成以减小其惯性，并且至少附接到柔性隔膜的活塞可以用复合层压结构加固。可以通过使用位于空气动力学表面或活塞中的单向阀来增加到压缩室的流体进入。在这方面，多个挡板阀可以围绕空气动力学表面中的孔口以增加流体摄取。

6. 发明授权

US06851990B2 Method and device for low-noise underwater propulsion 有权
标题翻译：低噪声水下推进方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06851990B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US10323105
申请日：2002-12-18
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski , Ram D. JanakiRam
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski , Ram D. JanakiRam
IPC分类号： B63H11/06 , F04B17/04 , B63H11/00
CPC分类号： B63H11/06 , B63G2013/022 , F04B17/044
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed for producing propulsion underwater with minimal acoustical emission. In basic concept, the method comprises the expulsion and sucking of liquid into and out of a liquid port of a watercraft in a manner generating compression and expansion waves adjacent the liquid port. Such expansion and compression waves generate a positive net thrust on the watercraft in a direction opposite that of their expulsion. A reciprocating member and an actuator are also disclosed for generating the forces and energy necessary to create the expansion and compression waves.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在最小声发射下生产水下推进的方法和装置。在基本概念中，该方法包括以邻近液体端口产生压缩和膨胀波的方式将液体排出和吸入船舶的液体端口。这种膨胀和压缩波在与其驱逐相反的方向上产生对船只的正净推力。还公开了往复式构件和致动器，用于产生产生膨胀和压缩波所需的力和能量。

7. 发明授权

US06543719B1 Oscillating air jets for implementing blade variable twist, enhancing engine and blade efficiency, and reducing drag, vibration, download and ir signature 有权
标题翻译：振荡式空气喷射器，用于实现叶片可变扭转，增强发动机和叶片效率，并减少阻力，振动，下载和不签名
公开(公告)号：US06543719B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-08
申请号：US09198800
申请日：1998-11-24
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , Friedrich K. Straub , David B. Domzalski
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , Friedrich K. Straub , David B. Domzalski
IPC分类号： B64C2704
CPC分类号： B64C23/04 , B64C27/001 , B64C27/467 , B64C27/51 , B64C2027/725 , B64C2230/02 , B64C2230/04 , B64C2230/06 , B64C2230/14 , B64C2230/18 , B64C2230/22 , B64C2230/28 , Y02T50/166 , Y02T50/34
摘要： A porous surface on an aircraft structure driven with oscillating positive and negative pressures is used as an active control device for attenuating negative aerodynamic interactions. The porous surfaces can be driven with positive and negative pressures either continuously or when predetermined flight conditions are present. The porous surfaces can be used on rotor blades to reduce BVI noise in descent flight conditions. The porous surfaces can be configured on rotor blades for affecting blade variable twist in accordance with various flight conditions, and can further be incorporated for reducing rotor hub vibrations as well. Porous surfaces placed on aerodynamic surfaces below the rotor blades of a tiltrotor aircraft can attenuate or eliminate download and fountain flow conditions. When placed on the trailing edges of a tip jet-exhaust driven rotor blade, the porous surfaces of the present invention can supplement the tip jet momentum of the exhaust to thereby reduce an amount of exhaust needed to drive the rotor blade.
摘要翻译：使用以振荡正负压驱动的飞机结构上的多孔表面被用作用于减弱负空气动力学相互作用的主动控制装置。多孔表面可以连续地或者当存在预定的飞行条件时以正和负压力驱动。在下降的飞行条件下，多孔表面可用于转子叶片上以减少BVI噪声。多孔表面可以配置在转子叶片上，以根据各种飞行条件影响叶片可变扭曲，并且还可以结合用于减小转子毂振动。放置在倾斜旋翼飞机转子叶片下面的空气动力学表面上的多孔表面可以减弱或消除下载和喷泉流动条件。当放置在尖端喷射排气驱动的转子叶片的后缘时，本发明的多孔表面可以补充排气的尖端喷射动量，从而减少驱动转子叶片所需的排气量。

8. 发明授权

US06713901B2 Linear electromagnetic zero net mass jet actuator 有权
标题翻译：线性电磁零网质量射流致动器
公开(公告)号：US06713901B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-30
申请号：US10098107
申请日：2002-03-14
申请人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski , Bruce Dean Charles , Ram Damaraju JanakiRam
发明人： Ahmed A. Hassan , David B. Domzalski , Bruce Dean Charles , Ram Damaraju JanakiRam
IPC分类号： H02K4100
CPC分类号： H02K33/18 , B64C21/02 , B64C2230/02 , F04B35/045 , Y02T50/166
摘要： A linear electromagnetic zero net mass jet (ZNMJ) actuator incorporating a pair of permanent magnets. The magnets are arranged such that an air gap is formed therebetween and further such that opposite poles of the magnets are arranged on opposite sides of the air gap. This concentrates the flux field across the air gap. A coil is disposed in the air gap. The coil is attached to a diaphragm which acts as a piston. When an electric current is applied to the coil, the flux field across the air gap causes a rapidly oscillating motion of the diaphragm. The actuator provides an increased rate of displacement of the piston as compared to single magnet ZNMJ actuators, and thus provides a higher momentum output across a broad frequency and voltage spectrum than conventional ZNMJ actuators using a single magnet.
摘要翻译：包含一对永磁体的线性电磁零网质量喷射（ZNMJ）致动器。磁体被布置成使得在它们之间形成气隙，并且进一步使得磁体的相对极布置在气隙的相对侧上。这将通量场集中在气隙上。线圈设置在气隙中。线圈连接到作为活塞的隔膜。当向线圈施加电流时，横跨气隙的磁场将导致隔膜的快速振荡运动。与单磁体ZNMJ致动器相比，致动器提供了增加的活塞位移率，因此与使用单个磁体的常规ZNMJ致动器相比，在宽频率和电压频谱上提供更高的动量输出。

9. 发明授权

US06322324B1 Helicopter in-flight rotor tracking system, method, and smart actuator therefor 失效
标题翻译：直升机飞行转子跟踪系统，方法和智能执行机构
公开(公告)号：US06322324B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09518839
申请日：2000-03-03
申请人： Dennis K. Kennedy , Friedrich K. Straub , Ahmed A. Hassan
发明人： Dennis K. Kennedy , Friedrich K. Straub , Ahmed A. Hassan
IPC分类号： B64C900
CPC分类号： B64C27/008 , B64C27/001 , B64C2027/7266 , Y02T50/34 , Y10S416/50
摘要： A system for quasi-statically correcting tracking of rotor blades of a helicopter rotor during operation includes a trim tab mounted on each rotor blade and deflectable relative to the rotor blade so as to change a tracking path of the rotor blade, and a rotor track and balance analyzer that includes sensors for acquiring rotor tracking and balance information and is operable to process the rotor tracking and balance information so as to predetermine a new tab position to which the trim tab should be deflected for bringing the tracking path of a mistracking rotor blade into alignment with a reference path. The trim tab is deflected by an actuator mounted to the rotor blade, the actuator having an actuating element coupled with the trim tab and formed of a smart material such that the actuating element deforms proportional to a stimulus applied to the actuating element. An electrical locking device is included which is operable when de-energized to lock the trim tab against deflection, and operable when energized to unlock to permit the trim tab to be deflected. A trim actuation control system in communication with the rotor track and balance analyzer and the locking device is arranged to energize the locking device and to supply electrical power to the actuator so as to deflect the trim tab to the new tab position predetermined in the rotor track and balance analyzer, and to then de-energize the locking device and cut off the electrical power to the actuator. Thus, electrical power is supplied to the actuator only while the trim tab is being deflected, and is then discontinued once the tab has reached the desired position and the locking device has been de-energized to lock the tab against further movement.
摘要翻译：用于在运行期间对直升机转子的转子叶片进行准静态校正跟踪的系统包括安装在每个转子叶片上并相对于转子叶片可偏转的修剪翼片，以便改变转子叶片的跟踪路径，以及转子轨道和平衡分析器，其包括用于获取转子跟踪和平衡信息的传感器，并且可操作以处理转子跟踪和平衡信息，以便预先确定修剪片应该偏转到的新的突片位置，以使错误的转子叶片的跟踪路径进入与参考路径对齐。调节片由安装在转子叶片上的致动器偏转，致动器具有与调节片接合并由智能材料形成的致动元件，使得致动元件与施加于致动元件的刺激成比例地变形。包括电锁定装置，其在断电时可操作以将修剪接片锁定以防止偏转，并且在通电时可操作以解锁以允许修剪突片被偏转。与转子轨道和平衡分析器和锁定装置连通的调整致动控制系统被布置成对锁定装置通电并且向致动器提供电力，以便将调整片偏转到预定在转子轨道中的新的突片位置和平衡分析仪，然后使锁定装置断电并切断致动器的电力。因此，仅当调整片被偏转时才向致动器提供电力，并且一旦突片已经到达期望的位置并且锁定装置已经被断电以锁定突片以防止进一步的运动，则电功率被中断。

10. 发明授权

US06453669B2 Helicopter in-flight rotor tracking system, method, and smart actuator therefor 失效
标题翻译：直升机飞行转子跟踪系统，方法和智能执行机构
公开(公告)号：US06453669B2
公开(公告)日：2002-09-24
申请号：US09955769
申请日：2001-09-19
申请人： Dennis K. Kennedy , Friedrich K. Straub , Ahmed A. Hassan
发明人： Dennis K. Kennedy , Friedrich K. Straub , Ahmed A. Hassan
IPC分类号： F01B2910
CPC分类号： B64C27/008 , B64C27/001 , B64C2027/7266 , Y02T50/34 , Y10S416/50
摘要： A system for quasi-statically correcting tracking of rotor blades of a helicopter rotor during operation includes a trim tab mounted on each rotor blade and deflectable relative to the rotor blade so as to change a tracking path of the rotor blade, and a rotor track and balance analyzer that includes sensors for acquiring rotor tracking and balance information and is operable to process the rotor tracking and balance information so as to predetermine a new tab position to which the trim tab should be deflected for bringing the tracking path of a mistracking rotor blade into alignment with a reference path. The trim tab is deflected by an actuator mounted to the rotor blade, the actuator having an actuating element coupled with the trim tab and formed of a smart material such that the actuating element deforms proportional to a stimulus applied to the actuating element. An electrical locking device is included which is operable when de-energized to lock the trim tab against deflection, and operable when energized to unlock to permit the trim tab to be deflected. A trim actuation control system in communication with the rotor track and balance analyzer and the locking device is arranged to energize the locking device and to supply electrical power to the actuator so as to deflect the trim tab to the new tab position predetermined in the rotor track and balance analyzer, and to then de-energize the locking device and cut off the electrical power to the actuator. Thus, electrical power is supplied to the actuator only while the trim tab is being deflected, and is then discontinued once the tab has reached the desired position and the locking device has been de-energized to lock the tab against further movement.
摘要翻译：用于在运行期间对直升机转子的转子叶片进行准静态校正跟踪的系统包括安装在每个转子叶片上并相对于转子叶片可偏转的修剪翼片，以便改变转子叶片的跟踪路径，以及转子轨道和平衡分析器，其包括用于获取转子跟踪和平衡信息的传感器，并且可操作以处理转子跟踪和平衡信息，以便预先确定修剪片应该偏转到的新的突片位置，以使错误的转子叶片的跟踪路径进入与参考路径对齐。调节片由安装在转子叶片上的致动器偏转，致动器具有与调节片接合并由智能材料形成的致动元件，使得致动元件与施加于致动元件的刺激成比例地变形。包括电锁定装置，其在断电时可操作以将修剪接片锁定以防止偏转，并且在通电时可操作以解锁以允许修剪突片被偏转。与转子轨道和平衡分析器和锁定装置连通的调整致动控制系统被布置成对锁定装置通电并且向致动器提供电力，以便将调整片偏转到预定在转子轨道中的新的突片位置和平衡分析仪，然后使锁定装置断电并切断致动器的电力。因此，仅当调整片被偏转时才向致动器提供电力，并且一旦突片已经到达期望的位置并且锁定装置已经被断电以锁定突片以防止进一步的运动，则电功率被中断。

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