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1. 发明授权

US07707180B2 System and method for reliably replicating data 有权
标题翻译：用于可靠复制数据的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07707180B2
公开(公告)日：2010-04-27
申请号：US10808987
申请日：2004-03-24
申请人： David A. Orbits , Praerit Garg , Sudarshan A. Chitre , Balan Sethu Raman
发明人： David A. Orbits , Praerit Garg , Sudarshan A. Chitre , Balan Sethu Raman
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30212 , G06F11/2097 , G06F17/30176 , G06F2201/82 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Described is a system and method for replicating each of a set of resources to a subject computer in a replica set prior to making use of a resource in the set of resources. The set of resources includes resources that are dependent upon each other for a proper functioning of the group. A manifest file that identifies each resource in a group of interrelated resources is used. The manifest file is generated at one computer in the replica set (typically the computer at which a modification to one of the interrelated resources occurred). When the modification occurs to one of the set of resources, the manifest file is transmitted (e.g., itself replicated) to each computer in the replica set. The manifest file includes an indicator that identifies the manifest file as a special file. When received at another computer in the replica set, a service evaluates the manifest file to identify whether the appropriate versions of the identified resources exist at the receiving computer. If not, the service at that computer awaits the receipt of each resource. The wait period may include delaying the execution of an application associated with (or even included within) the manifest file from launching. Alternatively, the FRS could simply disallow access to one or more resources identified in the manifest file until all have arrived. When all have arrived, the FRS releases control of the identified resources, which may then operate or be accessed in the ordinary manner.
摘要翻译：描述了一种在使用资源集合中的资源之前将一组资源中的每一个复制到副本集中的主题计算机的系统和方法。该资源集合包括彼此依赖的资源，以便该组正常运行。使用标识一组相关资源中的每个资源的清单文件。清单文件在副本集中的一台计算机上生成（通常是发生对相关资源之一的修改的计算机）。当修改发生到该组资源之一时，清单文件被传送（例如，自己复制）到副本集合中的每个计算机。清单文件包括将清单文件标识为特殊文件的指示符。当在副本集合中的另一台计算机上接收时，服务将评估清单文件以识别在接收计算机上是否存在所识别的资源的适当版本。如果没有，则该计算机上的服务等待接收每个资源。等待期可以包括延迟与清单文件相关联（或甚至包括在内）中的应用的启动。或者，FRS可以简单地不允许访问清单文件中识别的一个或多个资源，直到所有到达。当所有人都到达时，FRS释放对所识别资源的控制，然后可以以普通方式操作或访问。

2. 发明授权

US06917951B2 System and method for replicating data in resource sets 失效
标题翻译：在资源集中复制数据的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06917951B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US09917261
申请日：2001-07-26
申请人： David A. Orbits , Praerit Garg , Sudarshan A. Chitre , Balan Sethu Raman
发明人： David A. Orbits , Praerit Garg , Sudarshan A. Chitre , Balan Sethu Raman
IPC分类号： G06F11/20 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30212 , G06F11/2097 , G06F17/30176 , G06F2201/82 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Described is a system and method for replicating each of a set of resources to a subject computer in a replica set prior to making use of a resource in the set of resources. The set of resources includes resources that are dependent upon each other for a proper functioning of the group. A manifest file that identifies each resource in a group of interrelated resources is used. The manifest file is generated at one computer in the replica set (typically the computer at which a modification to one of the interrelated resources occurred). When the modification occurs to one of the set of resources, the manifest file is transmitted (e.g., itself replicated) to each computer in the replica set. The manifest file includes an indicator that identifies the manifest file as a special file. When received at another computer in the replica set, a service evaluates the manifest file to identify whether the appropriate versions of the identified resources exist at the receiving computer. If not, the service at that computer awaits the receipt of each resource. The wait period may include delaying the execution of an application associated with (or even included within) the manifest file from launching. Alternatively, the FRS could simply disallow access to one or more resources identified in the manifest file until all have arrived. When all have arrived, the FRS releases control of the identified resources, which may then operate or be accessed in the ordinary manner.
摘要翻译：描述了一种在使用资源集合中的资源之前将一组资源中的每一个复制到副本集中的主题计算机的系统和方法。该资源集合包括彼此依赖的资源，以便该组正常运行。使用标识一组相关资源中的每个资源的清单文件。清单文件在副本集中的一台计算机上生成（通常是发生对相关资源之一的修改的计算机）。当修改发生到该组资源之一时，清单文件被传送（例如，自己复制）到副本集合中的每个计算机。清单文件包括将清单文件标识为特殊文件的指示符。当在副本集合中的另一台计算机上接收时，服务将评估清单文件以识别在接收计算机上是否存在所识别的资源的适当版本。如果没有，则该计算机上的服务等待接收每个资源。等待期可以包括延迟与清单文件相关联（或甚至包括在内）中的应用的启动。或者，FRS可以简单地不允许访问清单文件中识别的一个或多个资源，直到所有到达。当所有人都到达时，FRS释放对所识别资源的控制，然后可以以普通方式操作或访问。

3. 发明授权

US07743022B2 Method and system for synchronizing data shared among peer computing devices 有权
标题翻译：用于同步对等计算设备共享的数据的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07743022B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-22
申请号：US10376430
申请日：2003-02-28
申请人： Shaun A. Kaasten , Jason F. Moore , Balan Sethu Raman , Chris J. Guzak , David A. Orbits , Sudarshan A. Chitre , Eric R. Flo , Jeffrey M. Saathoff
发明人： Shaun A. Kaasten , Jason F. Moore , Balan Sethu Raman , Chris J. Guzak , David A. Orbits , Sudarshan A. Chitre , Eric R. Flo , Jeffrey M. Saathoff
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30176
摘要： Disclosed is a data synchronization service for use in a peer-to-peer computing environment. Selected data objects are copied onto selected computing devices. A service running on each device monitors data objects for changes. When a change is detected, the service sends a change notification to the other devices so that they can update their copies of the data object. A user can access a data object from any device, knowing that he will retrieve the latest version of the data object. Instead of incurring the costs of storing a large file on every device, a user “ghosts” the file on some devices. A ghosting device stores only metadata about the file rather than the entire file. The user accesses the file through the ghost: access requests are sent to a device that holds the actual contents, and those contents are presented to the user as if they were stored locally.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于对等计算环境的数据同步服务。选定的数据对象被复制到选定的计算设备上。每个设备上运行的服务会监视数据对象进行更改。当检测到更改时，服务向其他设备发送更改通知，以便它们可以更新其数据对象的副本。用户可以从任何设备访问数据对象，知道他将检索最新版本的数据对象。用户在某些设备上“复制”文件，而不是在每个设备上存储大文件的费用。重影设备仅存储有关文件的元数据，而不是整个文件。用户通过ghost访问文件：访问请求被发送到保存实际内容的设备，并且这些内容被呈现给用户，就像它们被存储在本地一样。

4. 发明授权

US5291581A Apparatus and method for synchronization of access to main memory signal groups in a multiprocessor data processing system 失效
标题翻译：用于在多处理器数据处理系统中访问主存储器信号组的同步的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5291581A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-01
申请号：US844968
申请日：1992-02-28
申请人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
发明人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F15/78 , G06F12/14
CPC分类号： G06F9/52 , G06F15/8069
摘要： In a multiprocessor data processing unit, a data element in the main memory unit, that has system wide significance, can have a requirement that this data element be altered in a controlled manner. Because other data processing units can have access to this data element, the alteration of the data element must be synchronized so the other data processing units are not in the process of altering the same data element simultaneously. The present invention includes an instruction that acquires access to an interlock signal in the main memory unit and initiates an interlock in the main memory unit, thereby excluding other data processing units from gaining access to the interlock signal simultaneously. The instruction causes the data element related to the interlock signal to be transferred to the data processing unit where the data element is saved, can be entered in mask apparatus and then have a quantity added thereto. The altered data element is returned to the main memory unit location and the main memory interlock signal is released, thereby completing the instruction.
摘要翻译：在多处理器数据处理单元中，具有系统广泛意义的主存储单元中的数据元素可以要求以受控的方式改变该数据元素。因为其他数据处理单元可以访问该数据元素，所以数据元素的改变必须被同步，以便其他数据处理单元不会同时改变相同的数据元素。本发明包括获取对主存储器单元中的联锁信号的访问并且在主存储器单元中启动互锁的指令，从而排除其他数据处理单元以同时访问互锁信号。该指令使与互锁信号相关的数据元素被传送到数据元素被保存的数据处理单元，可以进入掩模装置，然后添加一个数量。更改的数据元素返回到主存储器单元位置，并且主存储器互锁信号被释放，从而完成指令。

5. 发明授权

US5237673A Memory management method for coupled memory multiprocessor systems 失效
标题翻译：耦合存储器多处理器系统的内存管理方法
公开(公告)号：US5237673A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-17
申请号：US673132
申请日：1991-03-20
申请人： David A. Orbits , Kenneth D. Abramson , H. Bruce Butts, Jr.
发明人： David A. Orbits , Kenneth D. Abramson , H. Bruce Butts, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F12/08
摘要： A method of managing the memory of a CM multiprocessor computer system is disclosed. A CM multiprocessor computer system includes: a plurality of CPU modules 11a . . . 11n to which processes are assigned; one or more optional global memories 13a . . . 13n; a storage medium 15a, 15b . . . 15n; and a global interconnect 12. Each of the CPU modules 11a . . . 11n includes a processor 21 and a coupled memory 23 accessible by the local processor without using the global interconnect 12. Processors have access to remote coupled memory regions via the global interconnect 12. Memory is managed by transferring, from said storage medium, the data and stack pages of a process to be run to the coupled memory region of the CPU module to which the process is assigned, when the pages are called for by the process. Other pages are transferred to global memory, if available. At prescribed intervals, the free memory of each coupled memory region and global memory is evaluated to determine if it is below a threshold. If below the threshold, a predetermined number of pages of the memory region are scanned. Infrequently used pages are placed on the end of a list of pages that can be replaced with pages stored in the storage medium. Pages associated with processes that are terminating are placed at the head of the list of replacement pages.
摘要翻译：公开了一种管理CM多处理器计算机系统的存储器的方法。 CM多处理器计算机系统包括：多个CPU模块11a。。。 11n分配进程; 一个或多个可选全局存储器13a。。。 13n; 存储介质15a，15b。。。 15n; 和全局互连12.每个CPU模块11a。。。 11n包括处理器21和可由本地处理器访问的耦合存储器23，而不使用全局互连12.处理器可经由全局互连12访问远程耦合的存储器区域。存储器通过从所述存储介质传送数据和当进程调用页面时，要运行到进程分配到的CPU模块的耦合存储器区域的进程的堆叠页面。其他页面将传输到全局内存（如果可用）。以规定的间隔，评估每个耦合的存储器区域和全局存储器的空闲存储器以确定其是否低于阈值。如果低于阈值，则扫描存储区域的预定页数。不经常使用的页面放置在可以用存储介质中存储的页面替换的页面列表的末尾。与正在终止的进程关联的页面被放置在替换页面列表的头部。

6. 发明授权

US5630097A Enhanced cache operation with remapping of pages for optimizing data relocation from addresses causing cache misses 失效
标题翻译：增强的缓存操作，重新映射页面，以优化从导致高速缓存未命中的地址的数据重定位
公开(公告)号：US5630097A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US178487
申请日：1994-01-07
申请人： David A. Orbits , Kenneth D. Abramson , H. Bruce Butts, Jr.
发明人： David A. Orbits , Kenneth D. Abramson , H. Bruce Butts, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/10 , G06F12/02
CPC分类号： G06F12/10 , G06F12/0864 , G06F2212/653
摘要： A computer system executing virtual memory management and having a cache is operated in a manner to reduce cache misses by remapping pages of physical memory from which cache misses are detected. The method includes detecting cache misses, as by observing cache fill operations on the system bus, and then remapping the pages in the main memory which contain the addresses of the most frequent cache misses, so that memory references causing thrashing can then coexist in different pages of the cache. For a CPU executing a virtual memory operating system, a page of data or instructions can be moved to a different physical page frame but remain at the same virtual address, by simply updating the page-mapping tables to reflect the new physical location of the page, and copying the data from the old page frame to the new one. The primary feature of the invention is to add bus activity sampling logic to the CPU and enhance the operating system to allow the operating system to detect when cache thrashing is occurring and remap data pages to new physical memory locations to eliminate the cache thrashing situation.
摘要翻译：执行虚拟存储器管理并具有高速缓存的计算机系统以通过重新映射检测到高速缓存未命中的物理存储器的页面来减少高速缓存未命中的方式操作。该方法包括检测高速缓存未命中，如通过观察系统总线上的高速缓存填充操作，然后重新映射主存储器中包含最频繁高速缓存未命中的地址的页面，使得引起颠簸的存储器引用可以在不同的页面中共存的缓存。对于执行虚拟存储器操作系统的CPU，可以通过简单地更新页面映射表来反映页面的新的物理位置，将一页数据或指令移动到不同的物理页面帧，但保持在相同的虚拟地址，并将数据从旧页框复制到新页。本发明的主要特征是将总线活动采样逻辑添加到CPU并增强操作系统以允许操作系统检测何时发生高速缓存抖动，并将数据页重新映射到新的物理存储器位置以消除高速缓存抖动情况。

7. 发明授权

US5148544A Apparatus and method for control of asynchronous program interrupt events in a data processing system 失效
标题翻译：用于在数据处理系统中控制异步程序中断事件的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5148544A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-15
申请号：US704710
申请日：1991-05-17
申请人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
发明人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
IPC分类号： G06F9/30 , G06F9/48
CPC分类号： G06F9/4812 , G06F9/30076
摘要： In a data procesing system having a kernel mode (i.e., for executing privileged instructions) and a user mode of operation, apparatus for responding to interrupt conditions includes a first register, subject to the control of the currently executing program for enabling the generation of a mode-related interrupt signal and includes a second register for indicating the presence of a pending mode-related interrupt condition and a third register for requesting a mode-related interrupt be entered in the second register. The mode of operation and the enable and pending interrupt condition registers are monitored and when the signals in the two registers have the appropriate relationship, an interrupt signal is generated to which a control program will respond. The contents of the first register can be controlled by the currently executing program which can control the enabling signal for the currently executing mode. The pending interrupt condition and the request registers may be accessed only from the privileged mode of operation.
摘要翻译：在具有内核模式（即，用于执行特许指令）和用户操作模式的数据处理系统中，用于响应中断条件的装置包括第一寄存器，受到当前正在执行的程序的控制以使能生成模式相关中断信号，并且包括用于指示存在待决模式相关中断条件的第二寄存器，并且用于请求模式相关中断的第三寄存器被输入到第二寄存器中。监视操作模式和使能和待处理中断条件寄存器，并且当两个寄存器中的信号具有适当的关系时，产生一个控制程序将响应的中断信号。第一寄存器的内容可以由当前执行的程序控制，该程序可以控制当前执行模式的使能信号。挂起的中断条件和请求寄存器只能从特权操作模式访问。

8. 发明授权

US5063497A Apparatus and method for recovering from missing page faults in vector data processing operations 失效
标题翻译：用于从向量数据处理操作中的错误页面错误中恢复的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5063497A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US69372
申请日：1987-07-01
申请人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
发明人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F12/08 , G06F15/78 , G06F17/16
CPC分类号： G06F9/3865 , G06F12/08 , G06F15/8069 , G06F9/30036
摘要： In a data processing system employing virtual memory techniques and capable of performing a plurality of overlapping scalar and vector data processing operations, apparatus and method are provided to allow continuation of program execution after one or more vector load/store instructions, which refer to data values that are not currently in memory, receive page faults. At the occurrence of such a page fault, all instructions currently in execution are allowed to be completed, whereupon information summarizing the page fault condition is recorded in memory for use by the operating system software and a vector exception is generated. Operating system software responds to this exception, examines the fault information, causes the missing pages to be read into the main memory unit from the mass storage media, re-executes the exception producing vector instruction(s) and continues with the program execution.

9. 发明授权

US5506987A Affinity scheduling of processes on symmetric multiprocessing systems 失效
标题翻译：对称多处理系统上进程的亲和度调度
公开(公告)号：US5506987A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US217127
申请日：1994-03-24
申请人： Kenneth D. Abramson , H. Bruce Butts, Jr. , David A. Orbits
发明人： Kenneth D. Abramson , H. Bruce Butts, Jr. , David A. Orbits
IPC分类号： G06F9/50 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F9/5033
摘要： A method of scheduling processes on a symmetric multiprocessing system that maintains process-to-CPU affinity without introducing excessive idle time is disclosed. When a new process is assigned, the process is identified as young and small, given a migtick value and assigned to a specific CPU. If the priority of a process placed on a run queue is above a threshold, the high priority count of the assigned CPU is incremented. At predetermined clock intervals, an interrupt occurs that causes the migtick value of running processes to be decremented. Then each CPU is tested to determine if its high priority count is greater than zero. CPUs having high priority counts greater than zero are tested to determine if any processes having a priority greater than the priority of the running process are assigned. If higher priority processes are assigned to a CPU having assigned processes lying above the threshold, a context switch takes place that results in the higher priority process being run. At regular intervals, a migration deamon is run to load balance the multiprocessor system. First, a large/small process threshold is determined. Then processes whose migtick values are below a migtick threshold (e.g., 0) are identified as old. Old processes then are identified as large or small processes based on their memory usage. Next, a determination is made of whether the small and large process load balances of the system can be improved. If either or both can be improved, the smallest small and/or the smallest large processes are migrated from their assigned CPU to the CPU with, as the case may be, the least large or the least small processes.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在不引入过多空闲时间的情况下在维持进程到CPU之间关联的对称多处理系统上调度进程的方法。当分配新进程时，该进程被识别为年轻和小型，给定一个迁移值并分配给特定的CPU。如果放置在运行队列上的进程的优先级高于阈值，则分配的CPU的高优先级计数将增加。在预定的时钟间隔，发生中断运行进程的迁移值减少的中断。然后测试每个CPU以确定其高优先级计数是否大于零。测试具有大于零的高优先级计数的CPU以确定是否分配了优先级大于运行进程的优先级的任何进程。如果将较高优先级的进程分配给具有高于阈值的分配的进程的CPU，则会进行上下文切换，从而导致更高优先级的进程正在运行。定期运行迁移设计以负载平衡多处理器系统。首先，确定大/小的过程阈值。然后，其迁移值低于迁移阈值（例如，0）的进程被识别为旧。然后，旧的进程将根据其内存使用情况识别为大型或小型进程。接下来，确定是否可以提高系统的小型和大型过程负载平衡。如果可以改进这两者之一，则最小的小型和/或最小的大型进程将从其分配的CPU迁移到CPU（视情况而定）最小或最小的进程。

10. 发明授权

US5341482A Method for synchronization of arithmetic exceptions in central processing units having pipelined execution units simultaneously executing instructions 失效
标题翻译：在具有流水线执行单元的中央处理单元中同步执行指令的算术异常的同步方法
公开(公告)号：US5341482A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US995341
申请日：1992-12-22
申请人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
发明人： David N. Cutler , David A. Orbits , Dileep Bhandarkar , Wayne Cardoza , Richard T. Witek
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F9/30 , G06F9/34 , G06F13/376
CPC分类号： G06F9/3861
摘要： An instruction eases exception handling in a data processing system having one or more parallel pipelined execution units by permitting the central processing unit to complete instructions currently being processed by the execution units, but preventing further instructions from being initiated until all currently executing instructions have been completed and all outstanding exception conditions have been resolved. After all the instructions preceding the DRAIN instruction of the present invention in the program instruction sequence have been executed, the central processing unit can continue to execute the sequential program instructions when no arithmetic exception has been identified, or can invoke an exception handling procedure when an arithmetic exception has been identified. The instruction is typically positioned in an instruction sequence after an instruction that has high degree of probability of resulting in the identification of an arithmetic exception condition. The DRAIN instruction permits the source of the exception to be localized and permits the response to all arithmetic exceptions associated with instructions initiated before the DRAIN instruction, but identified after the execution of the DRAIN instruction, to be handled in the same context environment in which the instruction was initiated.
摘要翻译：一种指令通过允许中央处理单元完成由执行单元正在处理的指令，但是在所有当前执行的指令已经完成之前阻止进一步的指令被启动，从而简化了具有一个或多个并行流水线执行单元的数据处理系统中的异常处理所有突出的例外情况都已经解决。在程序指令序列中本发明的DRAIN指令之前的所有指令已被执行之后，当没有识别出算术异常时，中央处理单元可以继续执行顺序程序指令，或者当调用异常处理程序时算术异常已被识别。指令通常位于指令序列之后，该指令具有导致算术异常条件的识别的高概率概率。 DRAIN指令允许异常源被本地化，并且允许对在DRAIN指令之前发起的指令相关联的所有算术异常进行响应，但在执行DRAIN指令之后识别，以在相同的上下文环境中处理，其中教学开始了。

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