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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Regularization of ventricular rate during atrial tachyarrhythmia
    • 房性心律失常期心室率正常化
    • US06434424B1
    • 2002-08-13
    • US09470120
    • 1999-12-22
    • David A. IgelH. Toby MarkowitzRobert A. BetzoldKaren J. KlecknerJeremy A. Schroetter
    • David A. IgelH. Toby MarkowitzRobert A. BetzoldKaren J. KlecknerJeremy A. Schroetter
    • A61N1362
    • A61N1/3622
    • A pacing system provided with a mode switching feature and ventricular rate regularization (VRR) function adapted to stabilize or regularize ventricular heart rate during chronic or paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmia. In a preferred embodiment, the pacing system nominally operates in an atrial synchronized pacing mode such as DDD or DDDR pacing mode. In response to detection of atrial rhythm characteristics consistent with an atrial tachyarrhythmia, e.g., atrial fibrillation, a mode switch into a non-atrial synchronized, ventricular rate regularization pacing mode, e.g. DDIR or VDIR pacing mode, is made. If the VRR function is programmed on, the ventricular pacing rate based upon a rate responsive sensor derived ventricular pacing rate modulated on a beat by beat basis by preceding intrinsic or paced ventricular events, the stability of the intrinsic ventricular heart rate, and any atrial pace events to regularize the ventricular pacing rate. The pacing system may also be permanently programmed to the DDIR pacing mode with the VRR feature functioning continuously. The pacing system may also be permanently programmed to the VVIR pacing mode with VRR function activated, but without consideration of atrial pace events.
    • 具有模式切换特征和心室率正常化(VRR)功能的起搏系统适于在慢性或阵发性房性快速性心律失常期间稳定或规范心室心率。 在优选实施例中,起搏系统名义地以心房同步起搏模式操作,例如DDD或DDDR起搏模式。 响应于检测与房性快速性心律失常(例如心房颤动)一致的心房节律特征,模式切换到非心房同步的心室速率正则化起搏模式,例如心房颤动。 DDIR或VDIR起搏模式。 如果VRR功能被编程,则基于速率响应传感器导出的心室起搏速率的心室起搏速率通过前进的内在或节奏心室事件,内部心室心率的稳定性和任何心房起搏 事件来规范心室起搏率。 起搏系统也可以永久编程到DDIR起搏模式,VRR功能连续工作。 起搏系统也可以被永久编程到VVIR起搏模式,VRR功能被激活,但不考虑心房速度事件。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Capture detection method
    • 捕获检测方法
    • US5843137A
    • 1998-12-01
    • US784687
    • 1997-01-22
    • Catherine R. CondieDaniel J. BaxterWilliam J. CombsDaniel J. GreeningerKaren J. KlecknerH. Toby MarkowitzJohn C. StroebelJohn D. Wahlstrand
    • Catherine R. CondieDaniel J. BaxterWilliam J. CombsDaniel J. GreeningerKaren J. KlecknerH. Toby MarkowitzJohn C. StroebelJohn D. Wahlstrand
    • A61N1/365A61N1/37
    • A61N1/36521A61N1/3712A61N1/3714
    • A method and apparatus for automatic determination of a pacemaker patient's pacing stimulation threshold. Circuitry is provided in a pacemaker for obtaining a signal reflecting cardiac impedance, which is known to reliably reflect certain aspects of cardiac function. Circuitry is also provided for monitoring the cardiac impedance waveform during a predetermined capture detect window following delivery of stimulating pulses. One or more values are derived which characterize the morphology of the impedance waveform during the capture detect window associated with each stimulation pulse delivered. These values are compared to predetermined control values in order to assess whether a stimulation pulse has achieved cardiac capture. The assessment of whether cardiac capture has been achieved is also based partly upon the conventional sensing of atrial and/or ventricular cardiac signals occurring during the capture detect window. In one embodiment of the invention, the control values against which impedance waveform characterization values are compared are obtained by delivering a series of stimulation pulses having sufficient energy to ensure that capture is achieved, and by monitoring the impedance waveform during delivery of these pulses.
    • 一种用于自动确定起搏器患者起搏刺激阈值的方法和装置。 在起搏器中提供电路以获得反映心脏阻抗的信号,这已知可靠地反映心脏功能的某些方面。 还提供电路用于在传送刺激脉冲之后的预定捕获检测窗口期间监测心脏阻抗波形。 导出一个或多个值,其表征在与递送的每个刺激脉冲相关联的捕获检测窗口期间阻抗波形的形态。 将这些值与预定的控制值进行比较,以便评估刺激脉冲是否已经实现心脏捕获。 是否已经实现心脏捕获的评估也部分地基于在捕获检测窗口期间发生的心房和/或心室心脏信号的常规感测。 在本发明的一个实施例中,通过递送具有足够能量的一系列刺激脉冲来确定阻抗波形表征值被比较的控制值,以确保实现捕获,并且通过在传送这些脉冲期间监视阻抗波形来获得。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for automatic pacing threshold determination
    • 用于自动起搏阈值确定的方法和装置
    • US5713933A
    • 1998-02-03
    • US346815
    • 1994-11-30
    • Catherine R. CondieDaniel J. BaxterWilliam J. CombsDaniel J. GreeningerKaren J. KlecknerH. Toby MarkowitzJohn C. StroebelJohn D. Wahlstrand
    • Catherine R. CondieDaniel J. BaxterWilliam J. CombsDaniel J. GreeningerKaren J. KlecknerH. Toby MarkowitzJohn C. StroebelJohn D. Wahlstrand
    • A61N1/365A61N1/37
    • A61N1/36521A61N1/3712A61N1/3714
    • A method and apparatus for automatic determination of a pacemaker patient's pacing stimulation threshold. Circuitry is provided in a pacemaker for obtaining a signal reflecting cardiac impedance, which is known to reliably reflect certain aspects of cardiac function. Circuitry is also provided for monitoring the cardiac impedance waveform during a predetermined capture detect window following delivery of stimulating pulses. One or more values are derived which characterize the morphology of the impedance waveform during the capture detect window associated with each stimulation pulse delivered. These values are compared to predetermined control values in order to assess whether a stimulation pulse has achieved cardiac capture. The assessment of whether cardiac capture has been achieved is also based partly upon the conventional sensing of atrial and/or ventricular cardiac signals occurring during the capture detect window. In one embodiment of the invention, the control values against which impedance waveform characterization values are compared are obtained by delivering a series of stimulation pulses having sufficient energy to ensure that capture is achieved, and by monitoring the impedance waveform during delivery of these pulses.
    • 一种用于自动确定起搏器患者起搏刺激阈值的方法和装置。 在起搏器中提供电路以获得反映心脏阻抗的信号,这已知可靠地反映心脏功能的某些方面。 还提供电路用于在传送刺激脉冲之后的预定捕获检测窗口期间监测心脏阻抗波形。 导出一个或多个值,其表征在与递送的每个刺激脉冲相关联的捕获检测窗口期间阻抗波形的形态。 将这些值与预定的控制值进行比较,以便评估刺激脉冲是否已经实现心脏捕获。 是否已经实现心脏捕获的评估也部分地基于在捕获检测窗口期间发生的心房和/或心室心脏信号的常规感测。 在本发明的一个实施例中,通过递送具有足够能量的一系列刺激脉冲来确定阻抗波形表征值被比较的控制值,以确保实现捕获,并且通过在传送这些脉冲期间监视阻抗波形来获得。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for detecting cardiac capture
    • 用于检测心脏捕获的方法和装置
    • US5902325A
    • 1999-05-11
    • US126469
    • 1998-07-30
    • Catherine R. CondieDaniel J. BaxterWilliam J. CombsDaniel J. GreeningerKaren J. KlecknerH. Toby MarkowitzJohn C. StroebelJohn D. Wahlstrand
    • Catherine R. CondieDaniel J. BaxterWilliam J. CombsDaniel J. GreeningerKaren J. KlecknerH. Toby MarkowitzJohn C. StroebelJohn D. Wahlstrand
    • A61N1/365A61N1/37
    • A61N1/36521A61N1/3712A61N1/3714
    • A method and apparatus for automatic determination of a pacemaker patient's pacing stimulation threshold. Circuitry is provided in a pacemaker for obtaining a signal reflecting cardiac impedance, which is known to reliably reflect certain aspects of cardiac function. Circuitry is also provided for monitoring the cardiac impedance waveform during a predetermined capture detect window following delivery of stimulating pulses. One or more values are derived which characterize the morphology of the impedance waveform during the capture detect window associated with each stimulation pulse delivered. These values are compared to predetermined control values in order to assess whether a stimulation pulse has achieved cardiac capture. The assessment of whether cardiac capture has been achieved is also based partly upon the conventional sensing of atrial and/or ventricular cardiac signals occurring during the capture detect window. In one embodiment of the invention, the control values against which impedance waveform characterization values are compared are obtained by delivering a series of stimulation pulses having sufficient energy to ensure that capture is achieved, and by monitoring the impedance waveform during delivery of these pulses.
    • 一种用于自动确定起搏器患者起搏刺激阈值的方法和装置。 在起搏器中提供电路以获得反映心脏阻抗的信号,这已知可靠地反映心脏功能的某些方面。 还提供电路用于在传送刺激脉冲之后的预定捕获检测窗口期间监测心脏阻抗波形。 导出一个或多个值,其表征在与递送的每个刺激脉冲相关联的捕获检测窗口期间阻抗波形的形态。 将这些值与预定的控制值进行比较,以便评估刺激脉冲是否已经实现心脏捕获。 是否已经实现心脏捕获的评估也部分地基于在捕获检测窗口期间发生的心房和/或心室心脏信号的常规感测。 在本发明的一个实施例中,通过递送具有足够能量的一系列刺激脉冲来确定阻抗波形表征值被比较的控制值,以确保实现捕获,并且通过在传送这些脉冲期间监视阻抗波形来获得。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Atrial tracking recovery to restore cardiac resynchronization therapy in dual chamber tracking modes
    • 心房跟踪恢复以恢复双室跟踪模式中的心脏再同步治疗
    • US06889083B2
    • 2005-05-03
    • US10419593
    • 2003-04-21
    • Karen J. KlecknerRobert A. BetzoldThomas G. Lynn, Jr.
    • Karen J. KlecknerRobert A. BetzoldThomas G. Lynn, Jr.
    • A61N1/362A61N1/368A61N1/365
    • A61N1/3627A61N1/3684
    • A feature named “atrial tracking recovery” (ATR) provides for restoring delivery of cardiac pacing therapy upon identification of an atrial refractory sense-ventricular sense (AR-VS) pattern of cardiac activity. In one embodiment, such patterns are monitored to determine if they are terminable. Once the AR-VS pattern is identified, the then operative post-ventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP) is shortened to allow sensing of the atrial event, which previously was unable to initiate a sensed atrioventricular (SAV) interval. Subsequent SAV intervals are shortened until an atrial event is sensed so that a ventricular pacing stimulus is delivered after the SAV interval expires. Since the SAV interval is normally programmed to an interval that is shorter than the intrinsic conduction time, ventricular pacing stimulus is provided after the SAV ends, thereby effectively restoring delivery of a ventricular pacing modality such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CTR).
    • 称为“心房跟踪恢复”(ATR)的特征提供了通过鉴定心脏活动的心房难度感觉心室感(AR-VS)模式来恢复心脏起搏治疗的递送。 在一个实施例中,监视这些模式以确定它们是否可终止。 一旦确定了AR-VS模式,则缩短当时的手术后室性心房不应期(PVARP),以便能够感测心房事件,以前无法启动感觉的房室传导(SAV)间隔。 随后的SAV间隔被缩短直到心房事件被感测到,使得在SAV间隔期满之后输出心室起搏刺激。 由于SAV间隔通常被编程到比内在传导时间短的间隔,所以在SAV结束之后提供心室起搏刺激,从而有效地恢复心室再同步治疗(CTR)的心室起搏模式的传递。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Multi-site cardiac pacing system having conditional refractory period
    • 具有条件不应期的多部位心脏起搏系统
    • US06496730B1
    • 2002-12-17
    • US09439244
    • 1999-11-12
    • Karen J. KlecknerCarleen J. JuranRobert A. BetzoldThomas C. WendellCharles G. Yerich
    • Karen J. KlecknerCarleen J. JuranRobert A. BetzoldThomas C. WendellCharles G. Yerich
    • A61N136
    • A61N1/3627A61N1/368A61N1/3684
    • Multi-site cardiac pacing systems for providing pacing to multiple sites in a patient's heart, e.g., in a single heart chamber or in right and left heart chambers, while avoiding inappropriate responses to double sensing of an evoked depolarization conducted between the sites. A conditional refractory period and further post-event time periods, e.g. a conventional refractory period, are started upon a sense event or pacing pulse sensed at or delivered to a first pace/sense site. A sense event detected at another sense site that occurs during the conditional refractory period is characterized as a conditional refractory event, and it restarts shortened post-event time periods and terminates the conditional refractory period. The restarted post-event time periods are reduced in length by the elapsed time between the starting and termination of the conditional refractory period. The undue prolongation of the post-event period due to a sense event resulting from sensing of delayed propagation of a depolarization between the spaced apart pace/sense sites is avoided. However, the full length post-event time periods are restarted if a sense event is then detected during the previously restarted post-event time periods. Multi-site single heart chamber pacemaker and right and left heart chamber pacemaker embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In an atrial synchronous, bi-ventricular pacemaker embodiment, the undue prolongation of the post-event period due to a ventricular event sense event resulting from sensing of delayed propagation of a single ventricular depolarization between the left and right ventricles is avoided, and legitimate atrial sense event signals occurring thereafter are not characterized as refractory and are able to restart the AV delay.
    • 多站点心脏起搏系统用于为患者心脏中的多个部位提供起搏,例如在单个心脏室或右心房和左心室中,同时避免对位点之间进行的诱发去极化的双重感测的不适当响应。 条件不应期和事后时间段,例如 传统的不应期,是在感测事件或起搏脉冲上感测到或传递到第一步调/感测部位时启动的。 在有条件的难治期发生的另一感觉部位检测到的感觉事件被表征为条件难治事件,并且重新开始事件发生后时间缩短并终止条件不应期。 重新启动的事件后时间段的长度减小了条件不应期间的起始和终止之间的经过时间。 避免了由于在间隔开的步调/感测部位之间的去极化的延迟传播所导致的感觉事件引起的事后周期的过度延长。 然而,如果在先前重新启动的事件后时间段内检测到感测事件,则重新启动全长事件后时间段。 公开了多部位单心室起搏器和本发明的左心室心脏起搏器实施例。 在心房同步双心室起搏器实施例中,避免了由于在左心室和右心室之间感测到单次心室去极化的延迟传播而导致的心室事件感觉事件引起的事后周期的不适当延长,并且合法心房 此后发生的感测事件信号不被表征为难治性并且能够重新启动AV延迟。