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1. 发明授权

US5727210A Fault tolerant load management system and method 失效
标题翻译：容错负载管理系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US5727210A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US507745
申请日：1995-07-26
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Hovey R. Strong, Jr.
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Hovey R. Strong, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F11/00 , G06F11/20
CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 , G06F11/1425 , G06F11/2035
摘要： A method and apparatus are disclosed for managing tasks in a network of processors. After a period of time has elapsed, during which the processors of the network have been executing tasks allocated to them, the processors exchange views as to which pending tasks have or have not been completed. The processors reach a consensus as to the overall state of completion of the pending tasks. In a preferred embodiment, the processors exchange views and update their views based on the views received from the other processors. A predetermined condition determines that a consensus has been reached. The predetermined condition is preferably two sets of exchanges in which a processor has received messages from the same set of other processors. Alternatively, the condition is an exchange which does not result in any updates to a processor's view. A processor which has not sent a view as part of an exchange is deemed to have crashed, and the tasks previously allocated to crashed processors are assumed not to have been completed. All pending tasks including those previously allocated but not completed, are then allocated. Preferably, allocation is based on an estimation that approximately the same time will be required for each processor to complete its allocated tasks. Based on this estimation, a time is scheduled for the next exchange of views, and the processors then resume executing their allocated tasks.
摘要翻译：公开了用于管理处理器网络中的任务的方法和装置。在经过一段时间之后，网络的处理器在此期间已经执行分配给他们的任务，处理器交换关于哪些挂起的任务已经或尚未完成的视图。处理器对待处理任务的完成状态达成共识。在优选实施例中，处理器基于从其他处理器接收的视图来交换视图并更新其视图。预定条件确定已达成一致。预定条件优选地是两组交换机，其中处理器已经从同一组其他处理器接收到消息。或者，条件是不会导致处理器视图的任何更新的交换。没有发送视图作为交换的一部分的处理器被认为已经崩溃，并且以前分配给崩溃的处理器的任务被假定为未完成。然后分配所有挂起的任务，包括先前分配但未完成的任务。优选地，分配基于估计，每个处理器将需要大约相同的时间来完成其分配的任务。基于该估计，为下一次交换视图安排时间，然后处理器继续执行其分配的任务。

2. 发明授权

US5513354A Fault tolerant load management system and method 失效
标题翻译：容错负载管理系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US5513354A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-30
申请号：US993183
申请日：1992-12-18
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Hovey R. Strong, Jr.
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Hovey R. Strong, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F11/00 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 , G06F11/1425 , G06F11/2035
摘要： A method and apparatus are disclosed for managing tasks in a network of processors. After a period of time has elapsed, during which the processors of the network have been executing tasks allocated to them, the processors exchange views as to which pending tasks have or have not been completed. The processors reach a consensus as to the overall state of completion of the pending tasks. In a preferred embodiment, the processors exchange views and update their views based on the views received from the other processors. A predetermined condition determines that a consensus has been reached. The predetermined condition is preferably two sets of exchanges in which a processor has received messages from the same set of other processors. Alternatively, the condition is an exchange which does not result in any updates to a processor's view. A processor which has not sent a view as part of an exchange is deemed to have crashed, and the tasks previously allocated to crashed processors are assumed not to have been completed. All pending tasks, including those previously allocated but not completed, are then allocated. Preferably, allocation is based on an estimation that approximately the same time will be required for each processor to complete its allocated tasks. Based on this estimation, a time is scheduled for the next exchange of views, and the processors then resume executing their allocated tasks.
摘要翻译：公开了用于管理处理器网络中的任务的方法和装置。在经过一段时间之后，网络的处理器在此期间已经执行分配给他们的任务，处理器交换关于哪些挂起的任务已经或尚未完成的视图。处理器对待处理任务的完成状态达成共识。在优选实施例中，处理器基于从其他处理器接收的视图来交换视图并更新其视图。预定条件确定已达成一致。预定条件优选地是两组交换机，其中处理器已经从同一组其他处理器接收到消息。或者，条件是不会导致处理器视图的任何更新的交换。没有发送视图作为交换的一部分的处理器被认为已经崩溃，并且以前分配给崩溃的处理器的任务被假定为未完成。然后分配所有待处理的任务，包括先前分配但未完成的任务。优选地，分配基于估计，每个处理器将需要大约相同的时间来完成其分配的任务。基于该估计，为下一次交换视图安排时间，然后处理器继续执行其分配的任务。

3. 发明授权

US5978482A Method and system for protection of digital information 失效
标题翻译：数字信息保护方法及系统
公开(公告)号：US5978482A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US517539
申请日：1995-08-21
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Jeffrey Bruce Lotspiech
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Jeffrey Bruce Lotspiech
IPC分类号： G06F1/00 , G06F21/00 , G11B20/00 , H04L9/32 , H04L9/00 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： G11B20/0021 , G06F21/10 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00137 , G11B20/00144 , G11B20/00188 , G11B20/00195 , G11B20/0071 , H04L9/302 , G06F2211/007 , H04L2209/60
摘要： An information processing system including an encryption processing logic module and a decryption processing logic module for enabling the encryption of digital information to be decrypted with a decryption key K. The encryption processing module includes logic for encrypting the digital information, distributing the digital information and authorizing a user to decrypt the information. The decryption processing module includes logic for the user to communicate a user number n.sub.i to receive an authorization number a.sub.i (a.sub.i being calculated as equal to ((K.sym.n.sub.i) raised to the power of (1/n.sub.i ' mod .phi. from the authorization logic in the encryption processing module and extrication logic for extricating the decryption key. The user number n.sub.i uniquely identifies, and is valuable to, the user, so valuable in fact that the user would be unwilling to publically disclose it. The extrication logic operates on a digital signet pair (a.sub.i, n.sub.i) consisting of the authorization number and user number, to extract K (K being calculated as equal to ((a.sub.i raised to the power of n.sub.i ') mod N.sym.n.sub.i)). The decryption logic then uses K to make the content available to the user. The extrication function is fully available to the user as a publicly-computable function in which it is computationally infeasible to use the extrication function to determine other valid digital signet pairs which can be used to extract K.
摘要翻译：一种包括加密处理逻辑模块和解密处理逻辑模块的信息处理系统，用于能够利用解密密钥K解密数字信息的加密。加密处理模块包括用于加密数字信息，分发数字信息和授权的逻辑用户解密信息。解密处理模块包括用于使用户传达用户号码ni以接收授权号码ai（ai被计算为等于（（K（+）ni））的逻辑，所述授权号码ai（ii被计算为等于（（K（+）ni）加密处理模块中的授权逻辑和用于解密密钥的提取逻辑，用户编号ni唯一地识别并且对于用户是有价值的，实际上用户实际上不愿意公开地公开它，提取逻辑操作在由授权号和用户号组成的数字签名对（ai，ni）上，提取K（K被计算为等于（（ai提高到ni的幂）mod N（+）ni））。解密逻辑然后使用K来使内容可供用户使用，提取函数作为可公开计算的函数完全可用，其中使用提取函数来计算不可行以确定其他有效的数字签名对，其可以是使用 d提取K.

4. 发明授权

US06038316A Method and system for protection of digital information 失效
标题翻译：数字信息保护方法及系统
公开(公告)号：US06038316A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US936207
申请日：1997-09-24
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Jeffrey Bruce Lotspiech
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Joseph Y. Halpern , Jeffrey Bruce Lotspiech
IPC分类号： G06F1/00 , G06F21/00 , G11B20/00 , H04L9/32 , H04K1/00 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G11B20/0021 , G06F21/10 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00137 , G11B20/00144 , G11B20/00188 , G11B20/00195 , G11B20/0071 , H04L9/302 , G06F2211/007 , H04L2209/60
摘要： An information processing system including an encryption processing logic module and a decryption processing logic module for enabling the encryption of digital information to be decrypted with a decryption key K. The encryption processing module includes logic for encrypting the digital information, distributing the digital information and authorizing a user to decrypt the information. The decryption processing module includes logic for the user to communicate a user number n.sub.i to receive an authorization number a.sub.i from the authorization logic in the encryption processing module and extrication logic for extricating the decryption key. The user number n.sub.i uniquely identifies, and is valuable to, the user, so valuable in fact that the user would be unwilling to publically dislcose it. The extrication logic operates on a digital signet pair (a.sub.i, n.sub.i) consisting of the authorization number and user number, to extract K. The decryption logic then uses K to make the content available to the user. The extrication function is fully available to the user as a publicly-computable function in which it is computationally infeasible to use the extrication function to determine other valid digital signet pairs which can be used to extract K.
摘要翻译：一种包括加密处理逻辑模块和解密处理逻辑模块的信息处理系统，用于能够利用解密密钥K解密数字信息的加密。加密处理模块包括用于加密数字信息，分发数字信息和授权的逻辑用户解密信息。解密处理模块包括用于使用户传达用户号码ni以从加密处理模块中的授权逻辑接收授权号码ai的逻辑，以及用于解密密钥的解密逻辑。用户号ni唯一地标识并且对于用户是有价值的，实际上用户将不愿意公开地将其弄糟。提取逻辑在由授权号码和用户号码组成的数字签名对（ai，ni）上进行操作，以提取K。解密逻辑然后使用K使内容可供用户使用。提取函数作为可公开计算的函数完全可用于其中，其中计算上不可行地使用提取函数来确定可用于提取K的其他有效数字签名对。

5. 发明申请

US20070143289A1 Differential data privacy 失效
标题翻译：差分数据隐私
公开(公告)号：US20070143289A1
公开(公告)日：2007-06-21
申请号：US11305800
申请日：2005-12-16
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Frank McSherry
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Frank McSherry
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30477 , G06F21/6245
摘要： Systems and methods are provided for controlling privacy loss associated with database participation. In general, privacy loss can be evaluated based on information available to a hypothetical adversary with access to a database under two scenarios: a first scenario in which the database does not contain data about a particular privacy principal, and a second scenario in which the database does contain data about the privacy principal. Such evaluation can be made for example by a mechanism for determining sensitivity of at least one database query output to addition to the database of data associated with a privacy principal. An appropriate noise distribution can be calculated based on the sensitivity measurement and optionally a privacy parameter. A noise value is selected from the distribution and added to query outputs.
摘要翻译：提供系统和方法来控制与数据库参与相关的隐私损失。一般来说，可以根据在两种情况下访问数据库的假设对手可用的信息来评估隐私损失：第一种情况，其中数据库不包含关于特定隐私主体的数据，以及第二种情况，其中数据库确实包含有关隐私主体的数据。可以例如通过用于确定至少一个数据库查询输出对与隐私主体相关联的数据的数据库的灵敏度的机制来进行评估。可以基于灵敏度测量和可选的隐私参数来计算适当的噪声分布。从分布中选择一个噪声值，并将其添加到查询输出。

6. 发明申请

US20070083493A1 Noise in secure function evaluation 有权
标题翻译：安全功能评估中的噪声
公开(公告)号：US20070083493A1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-12
申请号：US11244800
申请日：2005-10-06
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Frank McSherry
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Frank McSherry
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F21/6254
摘要： Techniques are provided for injecting noise into secure function evaluation to protect the privacy of the participants. A system and method are illustrated that can compute a collective noisy result by combining results and noise generated based on input from the participants. When implemented using distributed computing devices, each device may have access to a subset of data. A query may be distributed to the devices, and each device applies the query to its own subset of data to obtain a subset result. Each device then divides its subset result into one or more shares, and the shares are combined to form a collective result. The devices may also generate random bits. The random bits may be combined and used to generate noise. The collective result can be combined with the noise to obtain a collective noisy result.
摘要翻译：提供了将噪声注入安全功能评估中的技术，以保护参与者的隐私。示出了可以通过组合基于来自参与者的输入生成的结果和噪声来计算集体噪声结果的系统和方法。当使用分布式计算设备实现时，每个设备可以访问数据的子集。查询可以被分发到设备，并且每个设备将查询应用于其自己的数据子集以获得子集结果。然后，每个设备将其子集结果划分为一个或多个股份，并将股份合并形成集体结果。这些设备也可以产生随机位。随机比特可以被组合并用于产生噪声。集体结果可以与噪音结合起来，获得集体嘈杂的结果。

7. 发明授权

US5926551A System and method for certifying content of hard-copy documents 失效
标题翻译：用于认证硬拷贝文件内容的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5926551A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-20
申请号：US579750
申请日：1995-12-28
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Moni Naor , Florian Pestoni
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Moni Naor , Florian Pestoni
IPC分类号： G07B17/00 , H04L9/32 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： H04L9/3247 , G07B17/00508 , G07B17/00733 , G07B2017/00443 , G07B2017/0058 , G07B2017/00588 , G07B2017/00766 , G07B2017/00782 , G07B2017/00927 , H04L2209/60
摘要： A system and method are provided for facilitating proof that a specific item, such as a document, has been sent via a communication medium, such as the mail service of the United States Postal Service, at a specific time. A bit map image is produced, such as by scanning a hard copy document. Preferably the bit map is compressed into a data string and hashed. The hash file is signed by a certifying authority, such as the USPS, using an existentially unforgeable signature scheme. The original document, a code representation of the string, and a code representation of the signature are sent via the communication medium. As a result, the combination of materials sent provides proof of the authenticity of the content of the document.
摘要翻译：提供了一种系统和方法，用于促进证明通过诸如美国邮政局的邮件服务的通信介质已经在特定时间发送诸如文档的特定项目。产生位图图像，例如通过扫描硬拷贝文档。优选地，位图被压缩成数据串并散列。哈希文件由认证机构（如USPS）使用现有的不可伪造的签名方案进行签名。通过通信介质发送原始文档，字符串的代码表示和签名的代码表示。因此，发送的材料的组合提供证明文件内容的真实性。

8. 发明授权

US5539826A Method for message authentication from non-malleable crypto systems 失效
标题翻译：来自非可扩展加密系统的消息认证方法
公开(公告)号：US5539826A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US175024
申请日：1993-12-29
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Simeon Naor
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Simeon Naor
IPC分类号： G09C1/00 , G06F21/00 , H04L9/30 , H04L9/32 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G06F21/33 , G06F21/305 , H04L9/321 , H04L9/3271 , G06F2221/2103
摘要： A method is provided for authentication of encrypted messages. A non-malleable public-key encryption technique is employed, so that an eavesdropper cannot employ an encrypted message, previously overheard, to generate a message which, when sent to a recipient, which would pass as a message originating from a valid sender. In a preferred embodiment, a protocol is provided in which, in response to a message authentication request from a sender, a recipient sends the sender a string, encrypted according to the sender's non-malleable public key. The sender decrypts the string using its private key, and sends the recipient a message which is a function of the string and the message to be authenticated. Because of the non-malleability of the public keys, an eavesdropper cannot impersonate the sender or the recipient and produce a disinformation message which would nevertheless contain the correct authorization string.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于验证加密消息的方法。使用不可延展的公钥加密技术，使得窃听者不能使用先前被窃听的加密消息来生成当发送到接收者时将作为来自有效发送者的消息传递的消息。在优选实施例中，提供了一种协议，其中响应于来自发送者的消息认证请求，接收者向发送者发送根据发送者的不可延展公钥加密的字符串。发件人使用其私钥对字符串进行解密，并向收件人发送一个消息，该消息是字符串和要认证的消息的函数。由于公开密钥的不可扩展性，窃听者不能模仿发件人或收件人，并且产生一个包含正确的授权字符串的虚构信息。

9. 发明授权

US08312273B2 Privacy vault for maintaining the privacy of user profiles 有权
标题翻译：隐私保护库，用于维护用户个人资料的隐私
公开(公告)号：US08312273B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-13
申请号：US12575260
申请日：2009-10-07
申请人： Nir Nice , Melissa W. Dunn , Eric Picard , Amit Shaked , Eric Don Van Valkenburg , Alexander George Gounares , Friedman Arie , Sefy Ophir , Boaz Feldbaum , Vu A. Ha , Teresa B. Mah , Darrell Jay Cannon , Michael Joseph Toutonghi , Uri Barash , Cynthia Dwork , Ying Li
发明人： Nir Nice , Melissa W. Dunn , Eric Picard , Amit Shaked , Eric Don Van Valkenburg , Alexander George Gounares , Friedman Arie , Sefy Ophir , Boaz Feldbaum , Vu A. Ha , Teresa B. Mah , Darrell Jay Cannon , Michael Joseph Toutonghi , Uri Barash , Cynthia Dwork , Ying Li
IPC分类号： H04L9/32
CPC分类号： G06Q30/02 , G06F21/6263
摘要： Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for facilitating personalization of web content is provided, while protecting the privacy of the user data utilized to personalize the user's experience. A privacy vault may collect user data including user activity data, demographic data, and user interests submitted by a user. In one embodiment, the privacy vault operates on a user client device. The privacy vault sends the user data to a community vault that collects user data from multiple users. The community vault generates segment rules that whether a user belongs to a user segment, which expresses a user's interest. The segment rules are then communicated back to the privacy vault, which assigns one or more user segments to the user based on the user data available to the privacy vault and the segment rules. The privacy vault may communicate user segments to one or more content providers that supply personalized content that is selected based on the user segments provided.
摘要翻译：提供了用于促进web内容的个性化的方法，系统和计算机可读介质，同时保护用于个性化用户体验的用户数据的隐私。隐私保险库可以收集用户数据，包括用户活动数据，人口统计数据和用户提交的用户兴趣。在一个实施例中，隐私保险库在用户客户端设备上运行。隐私保护库将用户数据发送到从多个用户收集用户数据的社区保管库。社区保管库会生成段规则，用户是否属于用户区段，表示用户的兴趣。然后，段规则被传送回隐私保险库，隐私保险库基于隐私保险库和段规则可用的用户数据将一个或多个用户段分配给用户。隐私保险库可以将用户段传达给提供基于所提供的用户段选择的个性化内容的一个或多个内容提供者。

10. 发明授权

US07769707B2 Data diameter privacy policies 有权
标题翻译：数据直径隐私政策
公开(公告)号：US07769707B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-03
申请号：US11291131
申请日：2005-11-30
申请人： Cynthia Dwork , Frank D. McSherry
发明人： Cynthia Dwork , Frank D. McSherry
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F21/6245 , G06F21/6227 , G06Q30/02 , G06Q50/22 , G06Q50/26 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99936
摘要： Privacy of data can be preserved while utility of the output is maximized by selecting from an appropriately calculated distribution of noise values to add to an output. A distribution that includes a high likelihood of large noise values may lead to less useful output data. Conversely, a distribution that includes very low likelihood of large noise values may lead to less privacy. A distribution should be calculated to provide an appropriate level of output utility and privacy based on the query that is performed and the desired privacy level.
摘要翻译：可以通过从适当计算的噪声值分布中选择输出来最大化输出效用，从而保留数据的隐私。包含高噪声值的高可能性的分布可能导致较少有用的输出数据。相反，包含极低噪声值可能性很低的分布可能导致较少的隐私。应该计算分配，以根据所执行的查询和期望的隐私级别提供适当的输出效用和隐私级别。

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