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1. 发明授权

US5986272A Real-time method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of a fluorescing phosphor 有权
标题翻译：用于测量荧光荧光粉温度的实时方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5986272A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US293916
申请日：1999-04-19
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , David L. Beshears , Marc L. Simpson , Michael R. Cates , Steve W. Allison
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , David L. Beshears , Marc L. Simpson , Michael R. Cates , Steve W. Allison
IPC分类号： G01K11/20 , G01K11/00
CPC分类号： G01K11/20
摘要： A method for determining the temperature of a fluorescing phosphor is provided, together with an apparatus for performing the method. The apparatus includes a photodetector for detecting light emitted by a phosphor irradiated with an excitation pulse and for converting the detected light into an electrical signal. The apparatus further includes a differentiator for differentiating the electrical signal and a zero-crossing discrimination circuit that outputs a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to the time period between the start of the excitation pulse and the time when the differentiated electrical signal reaches zero. The width of the output pulse signal is proportional to the decay-time constant of the phosphor.
摘要翻译：提供了用于确定荧光荧光体的温度的方法以及用于执行该方法的装置。该装置包括用于检测由激发脉冲照射的荧光体发射的光并用于将检测到的光转换成电信号的光电检测器。该装置还包括用于区分电信号的微分器和输出具有与激励脉冲开始与微分电信号达到零时间之间的时间间隔相对应的脉冲宽度的脉冲信号的过零鉴别电路。输出脉冲信号的宽度与荧光体的衰减时间常数成比例。

2. 发明授权

US5949539A Real-time method and apparatus for measuring the decay-time constant of a fluorescing phosphor 失效
标题翻译：用于测量荧光荧光粉的衰变时间常数的实时方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5949539A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-07
申请号：US966657
申请日：1997-11-10
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , David L. Beshears , Marc L. Simpson , Michael R. Cates , Steve W. Allison
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , David L. Beshears , Marc L. Simpson , Michael R. Cates , Steve W. Allison
IPC分类号： G01K11/20 , G01J3/30
CPC分类号： G01K11/20
摘要： A method for determining the decay-time constant of a fluorescing phosphor is provided, together with an apparatus for performing the method. The apparatus includes a photodetector for detecting light emitted by a phosphor irradiated with an excitation pulse and for converting the detected light into an electrical signal. The apparatus further includes a differentiator for differentiating the electrical signal and a zero-crossing discrimination circuit that outputs a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to the time period between the start of the excitation pulse and the time when the differentiated electrical signal reaches zero. The width of the output pulse signal is proportional to the decay-time constant of the phosphor.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于确定荧光荧光体的衰减 - 时间常数的方法以及用于执行该方法的装置。该装置包括用于检测由激发脉冲照射的荧光体发射的光并用于将检测到的光转换成电信号的光电检测器。该装置还包括用于区分电信号的微分器和输出具有与激励脉冲开始与微分电信号达到零时间之间的时间间隔相对应的脉冲宽度的脉冲信号的过零鉴别电路。输出脉冲信号的宽度与荧光体的衰减时间常数成比例。

3. 发明授权

US4866400A Automatic pole-zero adjustment circuit for an ionizing radiation spectroscopy system 失效
标题翻译：用于电离辐射光谱系统的自动极零调整电路
公开(公告)号：US4866400A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US144119
申请日：1988-01-15
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Thomas H. Becker , Michael O. Bedwell
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Thomas H. Becker , Michael O. Bedwell
IPC分类号： G01N23/221 , G01R17/06
CPC分类号： G01R17/06
摘要： An automatic pole-zero adjustment circuit is provided for an ionizing radiation spectroscopy system which comprises a pole-zero network circuit, coupled to the system and having an electrical chracteristic which varies as a function of an input control signal, for permitting pole-zero adjustment of the system; a sampling circuit coupled to the system, for sampling a segment of the trailing edge of random pulses passing through the system; and a control signal circuit coupled to the sampling circuit, for generating the input control signal as a function of the sampling to permit cancellation by the pole-zero network circuit of undershoot in the system. The pole-zero network circuit may include a real pole in the signal path of the network circuit set coincident with the real pole of a high pass filter in the system itself. The control signal provided to the pole-zero network circuit is digitized.

4. 发明授权

US07936270B2 Space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers 有权
标题翻译：运输容器中辐射极低功率测量的空间电荷剂量计
公开(公告)号：US07936270B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-03
申请号：US12406680
申请日：2009-03-18
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Mark A. Buckner , Gregory R. Hanson , William L. Bryan
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Mark A. Buckner , Gregory R. Hanson , William L. Bryan
IPC分类号： G08B13/14 , H01L29/76 , H01L23/28 , G01T1/24
CPC分类号： G06Q10/08 , G08B13/2462 , G08B21/12 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers. A method includes insitu polling a suite of passive integrating ionizing radiation sensors including reading-out dosimetric data from a first passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor and a second passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor, where the first passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor and the second passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor remain situated where the dosimetric data was integrated while reading-out. Another method includes arranging a plurality of ionizing radiation sensors in a spatially dispersed array; determining a relative position of each of the plurality of ionizing radiation sensors to define a volume of interest; collecting ionizing radiation data from at least a subset of the plurality of ionizing radiation sensors; and triggering an alarm condition when a dose level of an ionizing radiation source is calculated to exceed a threshold.
摘要翻译：描述了用于运输容器中辐射极低功率测量的空间电荷剂量计的方法和装置。一种方法包括自动轮询一套无源积分电离辐射传感器，包括来自第一无源积分电离辐射传感器和第二无源积分电离辐射传感器的读出剂量学数据，其中第一无源积分电离辐射传感器和第二被动积分电离辐射传感器仍然位于读数时集成剂量测量数据的位置。另一种方法包括在空间上分散的阵列中布置多个电离辐射传感器; 确定所述多个电离辐射传感器中的每一个的相对位置以限定感兴趣的体积; 从所述多个电离辐射传感器的至少一个子集收集电离辐射数据; 并且当计算电离辐射源的剂量水平超过阈值时触发警报状况。

5. 发明授权

US06167748A Capacitively readout multi-element sensor array with common-mode cancellation 有权
标题翻译：电容式读出具有共模消除的多元件传感器阵列
公开(公告)号：US06167748A
公开(公告)日：2001-01-02
申请号：US09144309
申请日：1998-08-31
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Robert J. Warmack , William L. Bryan , Robert L. Jones , Patrick Ian Oden , Thomas Thundat
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Robert J. Warmack , William L. Bryan , Robert L. Jones , Patrick Ian Oden , Thomas Thundat
IPC分类号： G01B716
CPC分类号： G01B7/023 , G01D5/2417 , G01N27/227 , Y10S436/806
摘要： An improved multi-element apparatus for detecting the presence of at least one chemical, biological or physical component in a monitored area comprising an array or single set of the following elements: a capacitive transducer having at least one cantilever spring element secured thereto, the cantilever element having an area thereof coated with a chemical having an affinity for the component to be detected; a pick-up plate positioned adjacent to the cantilever element at a distance such that a capacitance between the cantilever element and the pick-up plate changes as the distance between the cantilever element and the pick-up plate varies, the change in capacitance being a measurable variation; a detection means for measuring the measurable variation in the capacitance between the cantilever element and the pick-up plate that forms a measurement channel signal; and at least one feedback cantilever spring element positioned apart from the coated cantilever element, the cantilever element substantially unaffected by the component being monitored and providing a reference channel signal to the detection means that achieves a common mode cancellation between the measurement channel signal and reference channel signal.
摘要翻译：一种用于检测被监测区域中至少一种化学，生物或物理组分的存在的改进的多元件装置，包括阵列或单组以下元件：具有固定到其上的至少一个悬臂弹簧元件的电容换能器，所述悬臂元件，其面积涂覆有对要检测的组分具有亲和性的化学品; 一个与悬臂元件相邻的拾取板，其距离使得悬臂元件和拾取板之间的电容随着悬臂元件和拾取板之间的距离而变化，电容的变化是可测量变化; 用于测量形成测量通道信号的悬臂元件和拾取板之间的电容的可测量变化的检测装置; 以及至少一个反向悬臂弹簧元件，其与所述涂覆的悬臂元件分开定位，所述悬臂元件基本上不受所监视的部件的影响，并且向所述检测装置提供参考通道信号，所述参考通道信号实现所述测量通道信号和参考通道之间的共模消除信号。

6. 发明授权

US5862170A Temperature measurement method using temperature coefficient timing for resistive or capacitive sensors 失效
标题翻译：温度测量方法使用电阻或电容传感器的温度系数定时
公开(公告)号：US5862170A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-19
申请号：US744357
申请日：1996-11-06
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , M. Nance Ericson
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , M. Nance Ericson
IPC分类号： G01K7/20 , G01K7/34 , G01K7/18 , G01K7/22
CPC分类号： G01K7/20 , G01K7/34
摘要： A method and apparatus for temperature measurement especially suited for low cost, low power, moderate accuracy implementation. It uses a sensor whose resistance varies in a known manner, either linearly or nonlinearly, with temperature, and produces a digital output which is proportional to the temperature of the sensor. The method is based on performing a zero-crossing time measurement of a step input signal that is double differentiated using two differentiators functioning as respective first and second time constants; one temperature stable, and the other varying with the sensor temperature.
摘要翻译：一种用于温度测量的方法和装置，特别适用于低成本，低功率，中等精度实现。它使用传感器，其电阻以已知方式线性或非线性随温度变化，并产生与传感器的温度成比例的数字输出。该方法基于使用用作各自的第一和第二时间常数的两个微分器来执行双重微分的步进输入信号的过零时间测量; 一个温度稳定，另一个随传感器温度变化。

7. 发明授权

US07525431B2 Space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers 失效
标题翻译：运输容器中辐射极低功率测量的空间电荷剂量计
公开(公告)号：US07525431B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-28
申请号：US10840553
申请日：2004-05-06
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Mark A. Buckner , Gregory R. Hanson , William L. Bryan
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Mark A. Buckner , Gregory R. Hanson , William L. Bryan
IPC分类号： G08B13/14
CPC分类号： G06Q10/08 , G08B13/2462 , G08B21/12 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers. A method includes insitu polling a suite of passive integrating ionizing radiation sensors including reading-out dosimetric data from a first passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor and a second passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor, where the first passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor and the second passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor remain situated where the dosimetric data was integrated while reading-out. Another method includes arranging a plurality of ionizing radiation sensors in a spatially dispersed array; determining a relative position of each of the plurality of ionizing radiation sensors to define a volume of interest; collecting ionizing radiation data from at least a subset of the plurality of ionizing radiation sensors; and triggering an alarm condition when a dose level of an ionizing radiation source is calculated to exceed a threshold.
摘要翻译：描述了用于运输容器中辐射极低功率测量的空间电荷剂量计的方法和装置。一种方法包括自动轮询一套无源积分电离辐射传感器，包括来自第一无源积分电离辐射传感器和第二无源积分电离辐射传感器的读出剂量学数据，其中第一无源积分电离辐射传感器和第二被动积分电离辐射传感器仍然位于读数时集成剂量测量数据的位置。另一种方法包括在空间上分散的阵列中布置多个电离辐射传感器; 确定所述多个电离辐射传感器中的每一个的相对位置以限定感兴趣的体积; 从所述多个电离辐射传感器的至少一个子集收集电离辐射数据; 并且当计算电离辐射源的剂量水平超过阈值时触发警报状况。

8. 发明授权

US06399951B1 Simultaneous CT and SPECT tomography using CZT detectors 失效
标题翻译：使用CZT检测器的同时CT和SPECT断层扫描
公开(公告)号：US06399951B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09496880
申请日：2000-02-02
申请人： Michael J. Paulus , Hamed Sari-Sarraf , Michael L. Simpson , Charles L. Britton, Jr.
发明人： Michael J. Paulus , Hamed Sari-Sarraf , Michael L. Simpson , Charles L. Britton, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01T1161
CPC分类号： A61B6/482 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/037 , A61B6/4035 , A61B6/4092 , A61B6/4241 , A61B6/4417 , A61B6/508 , A61B6/5235 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A method for simultaneous transmission x-ray computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) comprises the steps of: injecting a subject with a tracer compound tagged with a &ggr;-ray emitting nuclide; directing an x-ray source toward the subject; rotating the x-ray source around the subject; emitting x-rays during the rotating step; rotating a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector on an opposite side of the subject from the source; simultaneously detecting the position and energy of each pulsed x-ray and each emitted &ggr;-ray captured by the CZT detector; recording data for each position and each energy of each the captured x-ray and &ggr;-ray; and, creating CT and SPECT images from the recorded data. The transmitted energy levels of the x-rays lower are biased lower than energy levels of the &ggr;-rays. The x-ray source is operated in a continuous mode. The method can be implemented at ambient temperatures.
摘要翻译：用于同时透射x射线计算机断层摄影（CT）和单光子发射断层摄影（SPECT）的方法包括以下步骤：用标有伽马射线放射核素的示踪剂化合物注射受试者; 将x射线源引导到受试者; 围绕主体旋转x射线源; 在旋转步骤期间发射X射线; 在来自对象的另一侧旋转碲化锌碲化镉（CZT）双面检测器; 同时检测每个脉冲X射线的位置和能量以及由CZT检测器捕获的每个发射的γ射线; 记录每个位置的数据和每个捕获的X射线和γ射线的每个能量; 并从记录的数据创建CT和SPECT图像。 x射线的透射能级低于伽马射线的能级。 x射线源以连续模式运行。该方法可以在环境温度下实现。

9. 发明授权

US07932828B2 Space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers 有权
标题翻译：运输容器中辐射极低功率测量的空间电荷剂量计
公开(公告)号：US07932828B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-26
申请号：US12406725
申请日：2009-03-18
申请人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Mark A. Buckner , Gregory R. Hanson , William L. Bryan
发明人： Charles L. Britton, Jr. , Mark A. Buckner , Gregory R. Hanson , William L. Bryan
IPC分类号： G08B13/14 , G01T1/24 , H01L23/62
CPC分类号： G06Q10/08 , G08B13/2462 , G08B21/12 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for space charge dosimeters for extremely low power measurements of radiation in shipping containers. A method includes in situ polling a suite of passive integrating ionizing radiation sensors including reading-out dosimetric data from a first passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor and a second passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor, where the first passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor and the second passive integrating ionizing radiation sensor remain situated where the dosimetric data was integrated while reading-out. Another method includes arranging a plurality of ionizing radiation sensors in a spatially dispersed array; determining a relative position of each of the plurality of ionizing radiation sensors to define a volume of interest; collecting ionizing radiation data from at least a subset of the plurality of ionizing radiation sensors; and triggering an alarm condition when a dose level of an ionizing radiation source is calculated to exceed a threshold.
摘要翻译：描述了用于运输容器中辐射极低功率测量的空间电荷剂量计的方法和装置。一种方法包括原位轮询一套无源积分电离辐射传感器，包括从第一无源积分电离辐射传感器和第二无源积分电离辐射传感器读出剂量学数据，其中第一无源积分电离辐射传感器和第二被动积分电离辐射传感器仍然位于读数时整合剂量测量数据的位置。另一种方法包括在空间上分散的阵列中布置多个电离辐射传感器; 确定所述多个电离辐射传感器中的每一个的相对位置以限定感兴趣的体积; 从多个电离辐射传感器的至少一个子集收集电离辐射数据; 并且当计算电离辐射源的剂量水平超过阈值时触发警报状况。

10. 发明授权

US06545495B2 Method and apparatus for self-calibration of capacitive sensors 失效
公开(公告)号：US06545495B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-08
申请号：US09837142
申请日：2001-04-17
申请人： Robert J. Warmack , Charles L. Britton, Jr.
发明人： Robert J. Warmack , Charles L. Britton, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01R3102
CPC分类号： G01R35/005
摘要： A method for determining operational characteristics of capacitive sensors adapted for self-calibration includes the steps of providing at least one capacitive sensor having a suspended element and a pick-up plate. An AC input signal is applied to one of the plates, while force is provided between the plates, the force capable of variation. At least one operational characteristic of capacitive sensors can be determined, such as the suspended element spring constant and the gap distance between the plates. A capacitive sensor system adapted for self-calibration includes at least one capacitive sensor having a suspended element and a pick-up plate, a self-testing and calibration network, and a structure for generating force between the plates, the force capable of variation.

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