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1. 发明授权

US5852612A Terminal for receiving simulcast digital video programs 失效
标题翻译：接收联播数字视频节目的终端
公开(公告)号：US5852612A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-22
申请号：US555373
申请日：1995-11-09
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider , Kamran Sistanizadeh , W. Tim Campbell
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider , Kamran Sistanizadeh , W. Tim Campbell
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04H20/84 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04N5/21
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/84 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06 , H04W56/00
摘要： An arrangement (apparatus and method) for obtaining a single copy of a received signal from a simulcast broadcast area. Within a desired service area, multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcast the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. Each such channel carries a multiplexed digital data stream containing packets of information for a plurality of programs, e.g. television programs. A receiver system comprises an antenna adapted to receive direct transmissions from two or more of the transmitters as well as multipath signals from two or more of the transmitters. To compensate for the potentially interfering signal receptions, the terminal device includes a delay processor, such as an adaptive delay equalizer or a rake receiver. The maximum delay processing window of the delay processor is at least as long as the difference in propagation time to the receiver from two of the transmitters and preferably exceeds that time by some amount chosen to permit processing of multipath delay signals from the more distant transmitter.
摘要翻译：一种用于从联播广播区域获得接收信号的单个副本的装置（装置和方法）。在所需的服务区域内，分开定位的多个发射机同时广播相同的多声道多节目信号。来自发射机的广播波在服务区域的基本上重叠的部分中传播。每个这样的信道携带包含用于多个节目的信息包的多路复用数字数据流，例如，电视节目。接收机系统包括适于从两个或多个发射机接收直接传输的天线以及来自两个或更多个发射机的多路径信号。为了补偿潜在的干扰信号接收，终端设备包括诸如自适应延迟均衡器或瑞克接收机之类的延迟处理器。延迟处理器的最大延迟处理窗口至少等于从两个发射机到接收机的传播时间的差异，并且优选地超过该时间被选择以允许从更远的发射机处理多径延迟信号。

2. 发明授权

US5646942A Simulcast transmission of digital programs to shared antenna receiving systems 失效
标题翻译：将数字节目的数字广播传输到共享天线接收系统
公开(公告)号：US5646942A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-08
申请号：US409574
申请日：1995-03-24
申请人： Brian D. Oliver , Bruce Kostreski , W. Tim Campbell , Kamran Sistanizadeh
发明人： Brian D. Oliver , Bruce Kostreski , W. Tim Campbell , Kamran Sistanizadeh
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/40 , H04B7/02
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06
摘要： Within a desired service area, multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcast the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. Obstructions in the service area, e.g. mountains, buildings, trees, etc., may block reception from one or more of the transmitters at certain sites. However, at most receiving sites, the receiving antenna can receive a clear line-of-sight transmission from at least one and often two or more of the transmitters. Each broadcast channel carries a multiplexed digital data stream containing packets of information for a plurality of programs, e.g. television programs. A shared antenna system, typically including multiple receiving antennae aimed at a plurality of the transmitters, supplies received signals to terminals in a plurality of living units. The shared system includes processing circuitry to supply an optimal signal from the receiving antennae to the terminals.
摘要翻译：在所需的服务区域内，分开定位的多个发射机同时广播相同的多声道多节目信号。来自发射机的广播波在服务区域的基本上重叠的部分中传播。服务区域中的障碍，例如山，建筑物，树木等可能会阻止某些地点的一个或多个发射机的接收。然而，在大多数接收站点，接收天线可以从至少一个并且经常两个或更多个发射机接收清晰的视距传输。每个广播频道携带多路复用的数字数据流，其中包含用于多个节目的信息包，例如，电视节目。通常包括针对多个发射机的多个接收天线的共享天线系统将接收的信号提供给多个生活单元中的终端。共享系统包括处理电路，以从接收天线向终端提供最佳信号。

3. 发明授权

US5563892A Method of upgrading the program transport capacity of an RF broadcast channel 失效
标题翻译：升级射频广播频道节目传输容量的方法
公开(公告)号：US5563892A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US405557
申请日：1995-03-16
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh , W. Tim Cambell
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh , W. Tim Cambell
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/434 , H04N21/438 , H04N21/4405 , H04N21/4623 , H04B7/00 , H04J3/06
CPC分类号： H04H20/67 , H04H20/33 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4347 , H04N21/4382 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/81
摘要： The program transport capacity of an RF broadcast channel is upgraded by replacing analog services with digitally multiplexed services. RF channels can be obtained from one or more parties, e.g. parties holding MDS, MMDS and ITFS licenses for microwave video channels in the high end of the UHF frequency range. Once rights to use the channel have been acquired, a digital multiplexing system is deployed for broadcasting a digital transport stream over each available RF broadcast channel. For license holders who offered an analog service over one channel, the digital transport stream for one channel will include compressed digital data representing information from that program service. The provider therefore can use this transport capacity to continue to offer the existing service. The broadcast transport stream for that channel also includes compressed digital data representing one or more new program services. In operation, users of the existing service will obtain a digital receiver; and through that receiver, they will continue to receive the existing service, essentially as an equivalent to the service offered through the analog broadcast on the channel. These users may also receive one or more of the new program services. The new services transported on the digital broadcast system and possibly the existing service may now be offered to new users.
摘要翻译：通过用数字多路复用业务代替模拟业务来升级RF广播频道的节目传输容量。 RF信道可以从一个或多个方获得，例如，在UHF频段高端的微波视频通道持有MDS，MMDS和ITFS许可证。一旦获得使用频道的权利，就部署数字多路复用系统，用于在每个可用RF广播频道上广播数字传输流。对于通过一个通道提供模拟服务的许可证持有者，一个通道的数字传输流将包括代表该程序服务的信息的压缩数字数据。因此，提供商可以利用这种运输能力继续提供现有服务。该频道的广播传输流还包括表示一个或多个新节目服务的压缩数字数据。在运营中，现有业务的用户将获得数字接收机; 并且通过该接收机，它们将继续接收现有服务，基本上等同于通过频道上的模拟广播提供的服务。这些用户还可以接收一个或多个新的节目服务。现在可以向新用户提供在数字广播系统上传输的新服务和可能的现有服务。

4. 发明授权

US5610916A Shared receiving systems utilizing telephone cables as video drops 失效
标题翻译：使用电话线作为视频丢弃的共享接收系统
公开(公告)号：US5610916A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US441977
申请日：1995-05-16
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/40
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06
摘要： Within a desired service area, multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcast the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. At most receiving sites, the receiving antenna can receive a clear line-of-sight transmission from at least one and often two or more of the transmitters. Each broadcast channel carries a multiplexed digital data stream containing packets of information for a plurality of programs, e.g. television programs. A shared antenna system, typically including multiple receiving antennae aimed at a plurality of the transmitters, supplies received signals to terminals in a plurality of living units. The shared receiving system distributes selected channels of digitized data to terminals in different living units via the telephone wiring for those units. The shared system also provides an interface to a broadband landline network carrying broadcast channels with multiplexed transport streams formatted in essentially the same manner as the wireless broadcast information. The shared system can selectively supply RF broadcast streams from the landline network over the telephone wiring to the living units, in the same manner as for the wireless transmissions.
摘要翻译：在所需的服务区域内，分开定位的多个发射机同时广播相同的多声道多节目信号。来自发射机的广播波在服务区域的基本上重叠的部分中传播。在大多数接收站点，接收天线可以从至少一个并且通常两个或更多个发射机接收清晰的视距传输。每个广播频道携带多路复用的数字数据流，其中包含用于多个节目的信息包，例如，电视节目。通常包括针对多个发射机的多个接收天线的共享天线系统将接收的信号提供给多个生活单元中的终端。共享接收系统通过这些单元的电话线将选定的数字化数据通道分配给不同生活单元的终端。该共享系统还提供了一种与宽带固定电话网络的接口，该宽带固定电话网络承载具有与无线广播信息基本相同的方式格式化的复用传输流的广播信道。以与无线传输相同的方式，共享系统可以通过电话线路有选择地将陆地线网络的RF广播流提供给生活单元。

5. 发明授权

US5651010A Simultaneous overlapping broadcasting of digital programs 失效
标题翻译：数字节目同时重叠广播
公开(公告)号：US5651010A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US405558
申请日：1995-03-16
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh , W. Tim Cambell
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh , W. Tim Cambell
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/40 , H04J3/00 , H04B7/015
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06
摘要： Within a desired service area, multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcast the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. Obstructions in the service area, e.g. mountains, buildings, trees, etc., may block reception from one or more of the transmitters at certain sites. However, at most receiving sites, the receiving antenna can receive a clear line-of-sight transmission from at least one of the transmitters. In the preferred implementation, the channels are 6 MHz wide channels broadcast in the super high frequency microwave portion of the spectrum. Each such channel carries a multiplexed digital data stream containing packets of information for a plurality of programs, e.g. television programs.
摘要翻译：在所需的服务区域内，分开定位的多个发射机同时广播相同的多声道多节目信号。来自发射机的广播波在服务区域的基本上重叠的部分中传播。服务区域中的障碍，例如山，建筑物，树木等可能会阻止某些地点的一个或多个发射机的接收。然而，在大多数接收站点，接收天线可以从至少一个发射机接收清晰的视距传输。在优选的实现中，信道是在频谱的超高频微波部分中广播的6MHz宽信道。每个这样的信道携带包含用于多个节目的信息包的多路复用数字数据流，例如，电视节目。

6. 发明授权

US5559808A Simulcasting digital video programs 失效
标题翻译：电视数字视频节目
公开(公告)号：US5559808A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-24
申请号：US441976
申请日：1995-05-16
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Kamran Sistanizadeh
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/40 , H04B7/005 , H04J4/00
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06
摘要： Within a desired service area, multiple transmitters at separately located sites broadcast the same multi-channel, multi-program digital video signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. Obstructions in the service area, e.g. mountains, buildings, trees, etc., may block reception from one or more of the transmitters at certain receiving sites. However, at most receiving sites, the receiving antenna can receive a clear line-of-sight transmission from one of the transmitters via a directional antenna having a narrow field of view. Some receiving antennae will receive direct transmissions from at least to of the transmitters. To compensate for differences in propagation time to such receiving antennae, time delays of predetermined amounts are imposed between broadcasts by two or more of the respective transmitters. In the preferred implementation, the channels are 6 MHz wide channels broadcast in the super high frequency microwave portion of the spectrum. Each such channel carries a multiplexed digital data stream containing packets of information for a plurality of programs, e.g. television programs.
摘要翻译：在所需的服务区域内，位于不同位置的多个发射机广播相同的多声道多节目数字视频信号。来自发射机的广播波在服务区域的基本上重叠的部分中传播。服务区域中的障碍，例如山，建筑物，树木等可阻止在某些接收站点的一个或多个发射机的接收。然而，在大多数接收站点，接收天线可以经由具有窄视场的定向天线从发射机之一接收清晰的视距传输。一些接收天线将接收从至少到发射机的直接传输。为了补偿对这种接收天线的传播时间的差异，通过两个或更多个相应发射机在广播之间施加预定量的时间延迟。在优选的实现中，信道是在频谱的超高频微波部分中广播的6MHz宽信道。每个这样的信道携带包含用于多个节目的信息包的多路复用数字数据流，例如，电视节目。

7. 发明授权

US5729549A Simulcasting digital video programs for broadcast and interactive services 失效
公开(公告)号：US5729549A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US491515
申请日：1995-06-19
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/40 , H04B7/005 , H04J4/00
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06
摘要： To provide interactivity, a public wireless packet data network is combined with a broadband digital broadcast network. In the preferred embodiment, the broadcast network utilizes multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcasting the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. Customer premises receiving systems include a receiving antenna and one or more digital entertainment terminals. The terminal includes a channel selector and digital receiver for capturing a digital transport stream from a selected channel. A processor converts selected program information from the transport stream for presentation, e.g. via a television set. The terminal also includes a CPU controlling the operation of the channel selector and the processor in response to user inputs. The CPU also communicates signaling information for interactive services via an RF packet data modem included in the terminal and the public wireless packet data network. In addition to the signaling for interactive services, the packet data network provides transport for data communications between other data devices.

8. 发明授权

US5729825A Television distribution system and method using transmitting antennas on peripheries of adjacent cells within a service area 失效
标题翻译：使用发射天线在服务区域内相邻小区周边的电视分配系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5729825A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US409443
申请日：1995-03-24
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
IPC分类号： H04H20/67 , H04N1/00 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/025 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/41 , H04N21/434 , H04N21/4363 , H04N21/438 , H04N21/4405 , H04N21/4623 , H04N7/00 , H04N5/38
CPC分类号： H04H20/67 , H04N1/0035 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/242 , H04N21/4302 , H04N21/4347 , H04N21/43637 , H04N21/4382 , H04N5/4401 , H04N7/025 , H04N7/20
摘要： A cellular system for distributing a plurality of television programs in a desired service area. A plurality of groups of spaced transmitting antennas are disposed substantially on the peripheries of adjacent cells disposed in the service area. The antennas are directional and directed to propagate substantially simulcast signals into the cell with which the antenna is associated so that the propagation patterns of the transmitting antennas associated with the cell overlaps over substantially a major portion of the area enclosed within the cell. Antennas disposed substantially on the peripheries of adjacent cells propagate directional signals into each of the adjacent cells. In a broadcast version the frequencies of the signals transmitted by all of the antennas are the same. In a dedicated service version the frequencies of the signals transmitted into adjacent cells are different. In the broadcast version an omni-directional antenna may be utilized in a centrally located disposition in the overall service area. The signals are broadcast as spread spectrum signals and the receivers include despreaders with Rake capabilities. Provision may be made for increasing the transmitted power of selected antennas to counteract adverse atmospheric conditions such as rain. The system may be used to provide video-on-demand and other interactive video services.
摘要翻译：一种用于在期望的服务区域中分发多个电视节目的蜂窝系统。多个间隔开的发射天线组基本上设置在设置在服务区域中的相邻小区的周边。天线是定向的并被引导以将基本上同步的信号传播到与天线相关联的小区中，使得与小区相关联的发射天线的传播模式在包围在小区内的区域的基本上大部分重叠。基本上布置在相邻单元周围的天线将方向信号传播到每个相邻单元中。在广播版本中，由所有天线发送的信号的频率是相同的。在专用服务版本中，发送到相邻小区的信号的频率是不同的。在广播版本中，可以在总体服务区域中的位于中心的配置中使用全向天线。这些信号被广播为扩频信号，并且接收机包括具有Rake功能的解扩器。可以提供增加所选天线的发射功率以抵抗诸如雨的不利大气条件。该系统可以用于提供视频点播和其他交互式视频服务。

9. 发明授权

US6130898A Simulcasting digital video programs for broadcast and interactive services 失效
标题翻译：电视广播和互动服务的数字视频节目
公开(公告)号：US6130898A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US969965
申请日：1997-11-25
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
IPC分类号： H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/10 , H04N7/173 , H04N7/20 , H04B7/005 , H04J4/00
CPC分类号： H04N7/20 , H04H20/18 , H04H20/67 , H04H20/81 , H04L12/2801 , H04L29/06 , H04L65/604 , H04N21/40 , H04N7/108 , H04N7/17309 , H04N7/17336 , H04H20/02 , H04H20/33 , H04H20/63 , H04L29/06027 , H04N2007/1739 , H04W4/06 , H04W72/02
摘要： To provide interactivity, a public wireless packet data network is combined with a broadband digital broadcast network. In the preferred embodiment, the broadcast network utilizes multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcasting the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate throughout substantially overlapping portions of the service area. Customer premises receiving systems include a receiving antenna and one or more digital entertainment terminals. The terminal includes a channel selector and digital receiver for capturing a digital transport stream from a selected channel. A processor converts selected program information from the transport stream for presentation, e.g. via a television set. The terminal also includes a CPU controlling the operation of the channel selector and the processor in response to user inputs. The CPU also communicates signaling information for interactive services via an RF packet data modem included in the terminal and the public wireless packet data network. In addition to the signaling for interactive services, the packet data network provides transport for data communications between other data devices.
摘要翻译：为了提供交互性，将公共无线分组数据网络与宽带数字广播网络组合。在优选实施例中，广播网络在分开定位的位置处利用多个发射机同时广播相同的多信道多节目信号。来自发射机的广播波在服务区域的基本上重叠的部分中传播。客户驻地接收系统包括接收天线和一个或多个数字娱乐终端。终端包括用于从所选频道捕获数字传输流的频道选择器和数字接收器。处理器转换来自传输流的所选节目信息以便呈现，例如。通过电视机。终端还包括响应于用户输入控制频道选择器和处理器的操作的CPU。 CPU还经由包括在终端中的RF分组数据调制解调器和公共无线分组数据网络来传送用于交互式服务的信令信息。除了用于交互式服务的信令之外，分组数据网络提供用于其他数据设备之间的数据通信的传输。

10. 发明授权

US6005605A Television distribution system and method 失效
标题翻译：电视配送系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US6005605A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US854210
申请日：1997-05-09
申请人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
发明人： Bruce Kostreski , Allan Schneider
IPC分类号： H04H20/67 , H04N1/00 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/025 , H04N7/20 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/41 , H04N21/434 , H04N21/4363 , H04N21/438 , H04N21/4405 , H04N21/4623 , H04N7/00
CPC分类号： H04H20/67 , H04N1/0035 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/242 , H04N21/4302 , H04N21/4347 , H04N21/43637 , H04N21/4382 , H04N5/4401 , H04N7/025 , H04N7/20
摘要： Within a desired service area, multiple transmitters at separately located sites simultaneously broadcast the same multi-channel, multi-program signal. Broadcast waves from the transmitters propagate substantially throughout the service area and overlap in a substantial portion of the area. The signals are broadcast as spread spectrum signals and the receivers include despreaders with rake capabilities to obtain enhanced output signals with multi-path reception. In the preferred implementation, the channels are 6 MHz wide channels broadcast in the super high frequency microwave portion of the spectrum. Each such channel carries a multiplexed digital data stream containing packets of information for a plurality of programs, e.g., television programs.
摘要翻译：在所需的服务区域内，分开定位的多个发射机同时广播相同的多声道多节目信号。来自发射机的广播波基本上在整个服务区域传播，并在该区域的大部分中重叠。这些信号被广播为扩频信号，并且接收机包括具有耙机能力的解扩器，以获得具有多路径接收的增强的输出信号。在优选的实现中，信道是在频谱的超高频微波部分中广播的6MHz宽信道。每个这样的信道携带包含用于多个节目（例如电视节目）的信息包的多路复用数字数据流。

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