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1. 发明授权

US5220398A Analog VLSI microchip for object position and orientation 失效
标题翻译：用于物体位置和取向的模拟VLSI微芯片
公开(公告)号：US5220398A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-15
申请号：US591145
申请日：1990-09-28
申请人： Berthold K. P. Horn , David L. Standley
发明人： Berthold K. P. Horn , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： G01S5/16 , G06T7/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/0042 , G01S5/163
摘要： An analog VLSI microchip which uses moments to determine the position and orientation of an object in a scene is disclosed. The imaging sensors are implemented on the chip itself using standard fabrication processes. The method allows very high speed computation in a small, low cost, and low power device. The first moments determine the centroid of the image, which provides the position. The second moments, together with the first moments, determine the axis of least inertia, which provides the orientation. The method uses a resistive grid with nodes containing intensity data (in the form of voltages) corresponding to the image. The moment extraction method is a two-stage dimensional reduction of data. First, the two-dimensional array of intensity data is reduced to a one-dimensional array of data (in the form of currents) by the resistive grid. Second, the one-dimensional data array, which is available at the periphery of the grid, is reduced to a data vector, the size of which is independent of the grid size.
摘要翻译：公开了一种使用力矩来确定场景中物体的位置和取向的模拟VLSI微芯片。成像传感器使用标准制造工艺在芯片本身上实现。该方法允许在小型，低成本和低功耗设备中进行非常高速的计算。第一时刻决定了图像的质心，这提供了位置。第二时刻，连同第一时刻，确定最小惯性的轴，这提供了方向。该方法使用包含对应于图像的强度数据（以电压的形式）的节点的电阻网格。时刻提取方法是数据的两阶段尺寸缩减。首先，强度数据的二维阵列通过电阻网格减少为数据的一维数组（以电流的形式）。第二，在网格周边可用的一维数据阵列被简化为数据向量，其大小与网格大小无关。

2. 发明授权

US5502299A Current ratio circuit for multi-color imaging 失效
标题翻译：电流比电路用于多色成像
公开(公告)号：US5502299A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-26
申请号：US354348
申请日：1994-12-12
申请人： David L. Standley
发明人： David L. Standley
IPC分类号： G01J3/46 , G01J1/44 , G01J3/50 , G01R19/10
CPC分类号： G01J3/50 , G01J1/44 , G01R19/10
摘要： An electronic circuit extracts a ratio of currents from two sources and provides an output that is a function of the current ratio. An embodiment of the circuit includes a source current that may be provided by a blue-green photodetector and a sinking current that may be provided by a red photodetector. The source current feeds the input of a current splitter formed by a pair of PFETs. A portion of the source current is fed from the current splitter to a current ratio extractor implemented in CMOS. The remaining portion of the current from the current splitter is fed to a node shared with the sinking current and a second input to the current ratio extractor. The current ratio extractor produces an output voltage that is a function of the ratio of the photodiode currents and is substantially independent of the total current. The output voltage provides color information that may be used in low-cost machine vision systems for tasks such as sorting objects based on color or detecting object boundaries while rejecting shadows and reflective glints.
摘要翻译：电子电路提取来自两个源的电流比，并且提供作为电流比的函数的输出。电路的一个实施例包括可由蓝 - 绿光电探测器提供的源电流和可由红光检测器提供的吸收电流。源电流馈送由一对PFET形成的电流分离器的输入。源极电流的一部分从电流分流器馈送到以CMOS实现的电流比提取器。来自当前分离器的电流的剩余部分被馈送到与吸收电流共享的节点，并将第二输入馈送到电流比提取器。电流比提取器产生作为光电二极管电流比的函数的输出电压，并且基本上与总电流无关。输出电压提供可用于低成本机器视觉系统中的颜色信息，用于诸如基于颜色排序对象或检测对象边界的任务，同时拒绝阴影和反射闪光。

3. 发明授权

US06493030B1 Low-noise active pixel sensor for imaging arrays with global reset 失效
标题翻译：用于具有全局复位的成像阵列的低噪声有源像素传感器
公开(公告)号：US06493030B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09057202
申请日：1998-04-08
申请人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
发明人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H03F3/082 , H01L27/14609 , H03F2200/372 , H04N5/363 , H04N5/3745
摘要： An imaging array of active pixel sensors uses a reset amplifier in each pixel in a four transistor CMOS implementation. The reset amplifier acts as a variable resistance in the source-follower amplifier feedback circuit. The variable resistance is controlled by a range reset voltage applied to the reset amplifier thereby nulling the photodiode reset noise. The ramp reset voltage is applied to all reset amplifiers of all pixels at the same time, thereby providing for reset of the entire array at the same time, i.e., global reset.
摘要翻译：有源像素传感器的成像阵列在四晶体管CMOS实现中在每个像素中使用复位放大器。复位放大器作为源极跟随放大器反馈电路中的可变电阻。可变电阻由施加到复位放大器的范围复位电压控制，从而使光电二极管复位噪声为零。斜坡复位电压同时施加到所有像素的所有复位放大器，从而同时提供整个阵列的复位，即全局复位。

4. 发明授权

US5381054A Multiple input comparator circuit for a switched resistive network 失效
标题翻译：用于交换电阻网络的多输入比较器电路
公开(公告)号：US5381054A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US163315
申请日：1993-12-07
申请人： David L. Standley
发明人： David L. Standley
IPC分类号： G01R19/165 , H03K5/08 , H03K5/24 , H03K17/693 , H03M1/74
CPC分类号： H03K5/2481
摘要： A comparator circuit, for a switched resistive network which may be combined with a transconductance amplifier, simultaneously and independently compares a plurality of input voltages to a reference voltage. The circuit comprises a current splitter having a current input, a plurality of comparator outputs, and a corresponding plurality of voltage inputs that control the fraction of the input current available at each comparator output. A reference output of the current splitter is provided as an input to a current mirror, and each of the comparator outputs of the current splitter is connected to a corresponding output of the current mirror. The current available at each of the current mirror outputs is a function of the reference input provided from the current splitter. The comparator circuit needs only one bias input and one reference input. The inclusion of a second biasing device with an associated mirror device produces a transconductance amplifier combined with the comparator circuit. This combination minimizes the integrated circuit area required for transconductors and comparators on image processing chips.
摘要翻译：用于可与跨导放大器组合的开关电阻网络的比较器电路同时且独立地将多个输入电压与参考电压进行比较。该电路包括具有电流输入的电流分路器，多个比较器输出以及对应的多个电压输入，其控制在每个比较器输出处可用的输入电流的分数。电流分路器的参考输出被提供作为电流镜的输入，并且电流分离器的每个比较器输出连接到电流镜的对应输出。每个电流镜像输出端可用的电流是从当前分路器提供的参考输入的函数。比较器电路只需要一个偏置输入和一个参考输入。包括具有相关反射镜装置的第二偏置装置产生与比较器电路组合的跨导放大器。这种组合使图像处理芯片上的跨导体和比较器所需的集成电路面积最小化。

5. 发明授权

US06697111B1 Compact low-noise active pixel sensor with progressive row reset 失效
标题翻译：紧凑型低噪声有源像素传感器，具有渐进行重置
公开(公告)号：US06697111B1
公开(公告)日：2004-02-24
申请号：US09057423
申请日：1998-04-08
申请人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
发明人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N5335
CPC分类号： H04N5/3745 , H04N5/363
摘要： An imaging array of active pixel sensors uses a compact three transistor CMOS implementation for each pixel. A current source at the top of each column creates a distributed feedback amplifier for each pixel in a selected row. The reset amplifier acts as a variable resistance in the source-follower amplifier feedback circuit. The variable resistance is controlled by a range reset voltage applied to the reset amplifier thereby nulling the photodiode reset noise.
摘要翻译：有源像素传感器的成像阵列对于每个像素使用紧凑的三晶体管CMOS实现。每列顶部的电流源为选定行中的每个像素创建一个分布式反馈放大器。复位放大器作为源极跟随放大器反馈电路中的可变电阻。可变电阻由施加到复位放大器的范围复位电压控制，从而使光电二极管复位噪声为零。

6. 发明授权

US06535247B1 Active pixel sensor with capacitorless correlated double sampling 失效
标题翻译：有源像素传感器，无电容相关双采样
公开(公告)号：US06535247B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-18
申请号：US09081541
申请日：1998-05-19
申请人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
发明人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N5217
CPC分类号： H04N5/363 , H04N5/3745
摘要： An imager pixel including a photodetector, a first MOS transistor functioning as the driver of a source follower amplifier, a second MOS transistor functioning as a pixel readout transistor, and a third transistor performing a dual function to reset the photodetector during a first time interval and cancel reset noise by serving as a weak current source during a second time interval.
摘要翻译：包括光电检测器，用作源极跟随器放大器的驱动器的第一MOS晶体管，用作像素读出晶体管的第二MOS晶体管和执行双功能以在第一时间间隔内复位光电探测器的第三晶体管的成像器像素，以及通过在第二时间间隔期间作为弱电流源来取消复位噪声。

7. 发明授权

US06532040B1 Low-noise active-pixel sensor for imaging arrays with high speed row reset 有权
标题翻译：用于高速行复位的成像阵列的低噪声有源像素传感器
公开(公告)号：US06532040B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09149937
申请日：1998-09-09
申请人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
发明人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N5217
CPC分类号： H03F3/087 , H04N5/363 , H04N5/37452 , H04N5/378
摘要： An imager pixel including a photodetector, a first MOS transistor functioning as the driver of a source follower amplifier during signal readout, a second MOS transistor serving as a pixel readout transistor, a third MOS transistor serving as a photodetector reset transistor, and a reset noise cancellation circuit including a fourth MOS transistor, first and second capacitances, and an amplifier having a gain which is the inverse of the ratio of the first to the second capacitance.
摘要翻译：包括光电检测器，用作信号读出期间的源极跟随放大器的驱动器的第一MOS晶体管，用作像素读出晶体管的第二MOS晶体管，用作光电检测器复位晶体管的第三MOS晶体管和复位噪声消除电路，包括第四MOS晶体管，第一和第二电容，以及具有与第一和第二电容的比率相反的增益的放大器。

8. 发明授权

US06809767B1 Low-noise CMOS active pixel sensor for imaging arrays with high speed global or row reset 有权
标题翻译：低噪声CMOS有源像素传感器，用于高速全局或行重置的阵列
公开(公告)号：US06809767B1
公开(公告)日：2004-10-26
申请号：US09268913
申请日：1999-03-16
申请人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
发明人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H01L27/14609
摘要： An active-pixel low-noise imaging system for implementation in CMOS or in other semiconductor fabrication technologies uses three transistors and a single capacitance per pixel. The first transistor serves as a reset and a transimpedance amplifier to facilitate high impedance and suppress reset noise without requiring expensive on-chip or off-chip memory. The second transistor is an access MOSFET used to read the signal from each pixel and multiplex the signal outputs from an array of pixels. The third MOSFET resets the detector after the integrated signal has been read. Since the detector sense node is “pinned” by the feedback amplifier, reset noise is reduced to that generated by the much smaller feedback capacitance. In addition, by using a small but well-defined feedback capacitor, an amplifier with a narrow bandwidth can be used, provided its unity-gain frequency is sufficient. Since the pixel-base amplifier's output capacitance is far smaller than the bus capacitance, the total energy consumed during reset is very small and overall power consumption is kept at a level consistent with battery-powered operation.
摘要翻译：用于在CMOS或其他半导体制造技术中实现的有源像素低噪声成像系统使用三个晶体管和每像素一个电容。第一晶体管用作复位和跨阻放大器，以便于高阻抗和抑制复位噪声，而不需要昂贵的片上或片外存储器。第二晶体管是用于从每个像素读取信号并对来自像素阵列的信号输出进行复用的访问MOSFET。集成信号读取后，第三个MOSFET复位检测器。由于检测器感测节点被反馈放大器“固定”，所以复位噪声降低到由较小的反馈电容产生的噪声。另外，通过使用小而良好的反馈电容器，可以使用具有窄带宽的放大器，只要其单位增益频率足够。由于像素基放大器的输出电容远远小于总线电容，因此复位期间消耗的总能量非常小，总体功耗保持在与电池供电操作一致的水平。

9. 发明授权

US06587142B1 Low-noise active-pixel sensor for imaging arrays with high speed row reset 有权
标题翻译：用于高速行复位的成像阵列的低噪声有源像素传感器
公开(公告)号：US06587142B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09164923
申请日：1998-10-01
申请人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
发明人： Lester J. Kozlowski , David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N5217
CPC分类号： H04N5/37452 , H03F3/087 , H04N5/363 , H04N5/378
摘要： An active pixel sensor circuit including a photodetector, a first MOS transistor functioning as the driver of a source follower amplifier during signal readout, a second MOS transistor serving as a pixel readout transistor, a third MOS transistor serving as a photodetector reset transistor, and a reset noise cancellation circuit including a fourth MOS transistor, first and second capacitances, and an amplifier having a gain which is a specified multiple of the ratio of the first to the second capacitance. The first capacitance is connected in parallel to the photodector. The amplifier reduces the reset noise caused by resetting the photodector without having to implement correlated double sampling.
摘要翻译：一种有源像素传感器电路，包括光电检测器，用作信号读出期间的源极跟随放大器的驱动器的第一MOS晶体管，用作像素读出晶体管的第二MOS晶体管，用作光电检测器复位晶体管的第三MOS晶体管和包括第四MOS晶体管，第一和第二电容的复位噪声消除电路和具有作为第一和第二电容的比率的指定倍数的增益的放大器。第一电容与光电二极管并联连接。该放大器减少了由复位光电二极管引起的复位噪声，而无需执行相关的双采样。

10. 发明授权

US5572074A Compact photosensor circuit having automatic intensity range control 失效
标题翻译：紧凑型光电传感器电路具有自动强度范围控制
公开(公告)号：US5572074A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-05
申请号：US469989
申请日：1995-06-06
申请人： David L. Standley
发明人： David L. Standley
IPC分类号： H04N5/30 , H03F3/08 , H03G3/30 , H01H47/24
CPC分类号： H03F3/082 , H03G3/3084 , Y10T307/747 , Y10T307/773
摘要： A compact photosensor circuit provides automatic intensity range control for machine vision systems. The circuit may be implemented with standard CMOS integrated circuit technology to provide high sensitivity, fully static operation, and automatic exposure control with no moving parts. For each pixel of an imaging array, a photodetector provides an input photocurrent to a corresponding photosensor circuit. The photodetector is connected to provide an output voltage and an input to the gates of a pair of series-connected FETs that act as an attenuator. The attenuator is connected to a biasing source that provides a floor bias voltage. An output of the attenuator is connected to the gate of a third FET connected to the input photocurrent. The output voltage responds as a function of the light intensity at the photodetector while the bias voltage determines the range of light intensity for normal operation of the photosensor circuit. In a photosensor array with an appropriate bias current, the image scene contrast is amplified while the photosensor circuits automatically adapt to the overall light intensity.
摘要翻译：紧凑型光电传感器电路为机器视觉系统提供自动强度范围控制。该电路可采用标准CMOS集成电路技术实现，提供高灵敏度，全静态运行，无动态部件的自动曝光控制。对于成像阵列的每个像素，光电检测器向相应的光电传感器电路提供输入光电流。光电检测器被连接以提供输出电压和输入到用作衰减器的一对串联连接的FET的栅极。衰减器连接到提供地板偏置电压的偏置源。衰减器的输出连接到连接到输入光电流的第三FET的栅极。输出电压响应于光电检测器处的光强度的函数，而偏置电压决定光电传感器电路正常工作时的光强度范围。在具有适当偏置电流的光电传感器阵列中，图像场景对比度被放大，而光电传感器电路自动适应整体光强度。

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