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1. 发明授权

US06795966B1 Mechanism for restoring, porting, replicating and checkpointing computer systems using state extraction 有权
标题翻译：使用状态提取恢复，移植，复制和检查计算机系统的机制
公开(公告)号：US06795966B1
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US09497978
申请日：2000-02-04
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine
IPC分类号： G06F9455
CPC分类号： G06F11/1438 , G06F9/45558 , G06F11/203 , G06F2009/45562 , G06F2009/45575 , G06F2201/815
摘要： A computer system is interrupted, and its entire state information is extracted as one or more checkpoints at one or more respective points during operation of the system. The checkpoint may be restored into the system at any later time, even multiple times, and it may also even be loaded into one or more other systems; all systems loaded with the same checkpoint will then execute from the same checkpointed state. The state extraction mechanism is preferably a virtual machine monitor, on which one or more virtual machines are installed, each virtual machine constituting an encapsulated, virtualized computer system whose states can be checkpointed under control of the virtual machine monitor. Checkpoints may be stored on a portable memory device or transmitted as a batch or dynamically over a network so that even virtual machines installed at different sites may execute from the same state.
摘要翻译：计算机系统被中断，并且其整个状态信息在系统的操作期间被提取为一个或多个相应点处的一个或多个检查点。检查点可以在任何更晚的时间，甚至多次恢复到系统中，甚至可以加载到一个或多个其他系统中; 所有加载相同检查点的系统都将从相同的检查点状态执行。状态提取机构优选地是虚拟机监视器，其上安装有一个或多个虚拟机，每个虚拟机构成封装的虚拟化计算机系统，其状态可以在虚拟机监视器的控制下被检查点。检查点可以存储在便携式存储设备上，或者以批处理方式或通过网络动态地传输，使得甚至安装在不同站点的虚拟机可以从相同的状态执行。

2. 发明授权

US08631066B2 Mechanism for providing virtual machines for use by multiple users 有权
标题翻译：提供虚拟机以供多个用户使用的机制
公开(公告)号：US08631066B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-14
申请号：US12508506
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott Devine
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott Devine
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F9/455 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F11/1474 , G06F9/45504 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/5077 , G06F11/1469 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2009/45562 , G06F2009/45575 , G06F2201/805 , G06F2201/815
摘要： According to one aspect of the invention, a request to generate a state checkpoint of a computer is initiated within a user-level software entity, such as a virtual machine. Upon sensing the request, a checkpointing mechanism generates and stores at least one checkpoint, each checkpoint comprising a representation of the total state of the computer system. Upon sensing a state restoration request corresponding to one of the checkpoints, the checkpointing mechanism restores the checkpointed state in the computer, which can then resume operation from the restored total state. According to another aspect of the invention, a total checkpointed state is exported to another computer, where the state can be modified, for example, debugged, and then loaded into either the originally checkpointed computer (which, again, may be a virtual machine), or some other computer.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的一个方面，在用户级软件实体（诸如虚拟机）中发起生成计算机的状态检查点的请求。在检测到请求时，检查点机制生成并存储至少一个检查点，每个检查点包括计算机系统的总体状态的表示。在检测到与其中一个检查点相对应的状态恢复请求时，检查点机制恢复计算机中的检查点状态，其然后可以从恢复的总状态恢复操作。根据本发明的另一方面，总检查点状态被导出到另一个计算机，其中该状态可被修改，例如被调试，然后被加载到原始的检查点计算机（其也可以是虚拟机），或其他一些电脑。

3. 发明授权

US06785886B1 Deferred shadowing of segment descriptors in a virtual machine monitor for a segmented computer architecture 有权
标题翻译：在分段计算机体系结构的虚拟机监视器中延迟对段描述符的影子
公开(公告)号：US06785886B1
公开(公告)日：2004-08-31
申请号：US09648394
申请日：2000-08-24
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Bich C. Le , Edouard Bugnion
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Bich C. Le , Edouard Bugnion
IPC分类号： G06F9455
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533
摘要： One or more virtual machines (VM's) run via a virtual machine monitor (VMM) on a hardware platform that has a segmented memory architecture. Each VM has at least one VM descriptor table that has, as entries, VM segment descriptors. At least one VMM descriptor table is established, including at least one shadow descriptor table that stores shadow descriptors for certain of the VM segment descriptors, which are then shadowed descriptors. The VMM compares the shadow descriptors with their respective corresponding shadowed VM descriptors, detects any lack of correspondence between the shadow descriptor table and the corresponding VM descriptor table, and updates and thereby synchronizes each shadow descriptor with its respective shadowed VM descriptor no later than, and preferably only upon the first use of, the respective descriptor by the VM. Whenever the VMM detects any attempt by the VM to load an usynchronized shadowed descriptor, the VMM verifies that the VM is allowed to load it, and then establishes synchronization for the pair of descriptors. One detection mechanism is the tracing of entire memory pages in which VM descriptors are stored; another involves sensing and setting the state of a segment present bit for individual descriptors. The invention improves virtualization performance by reducing the number of descriptors that need to be kept coherent. The VMM also has a flexible mechanism to invalidate descriptors, for example, when the VM unmaps or remaps the memory page it is located in, or when the VM sets a new segment descriptor table.
摘要翻译：一个或多个虚拟机（VM）通过虚拟机监视器（VMM）在具有分段内存架构的硬件平台上运行。每个虚拟机具有至少一个VM描述符表，其具有作为条目的VM段描述符。建立至少一个VMM描述符表，其中包括至少一个阴影描述符表，其存储某些VM段描述符的影子描述符，然后这些影子描述符是阴影描述符。 VMM将阴影描述符与其各自相应的阴影VM描述符进行比较，检测阴影描述符表与对应的VM描述符表之间的任何对应关系，并更新，从而使每个阴影描述符与其相应的阴影虚拟机描述符不迟于于同步; 优选地仅在VM的相应描述符的首次使用时。每当VMM检测到VM尝试加载异步映射的描述符时，VMM将验证VM是否允许加载它，然后为该对描述符建立同步。一种检测机制是跟踪存储有VM描述符的整个存储器页面; 另一个涉及感测和设置单个描述符的段存在位的状态。本发明通过减少需要保持一致的描述符的数量来提高虚拟化性能。 VMM还具有使描述符无效的灵活机制，例如，当VM取消映射或重新映射位于其中的存储器页面时，或者当VM设置新的段描述符表时。

4. 发明授权

US07665088B1 Context-switching to and from a host OS in a virtualized computer system 有权
标题翻译：在虚拟化计算机系统中上下文切换到主机OS
公开(公告)号：US07665088B1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-16
申请号：US11219070
申请日：2005-09-02
申请人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
发明人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F9/46 , G06F13/24
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533
摘要： The invention virtualizes a computer that includes a host computer system, which comprises a processor, memory, and physical system devices. A conventional operating system (referred to below as the “host operating system” or “HOS”) is installed on the hardware. A computer program product that is executable within the host computer system comprises computer-executable code for implementing an interface software layer, preferably a virtual machine monitor, between the host system and a virtual machine; for reading in and storing state information of the processor associated with the HOS; and for logically decoupling the HOS from the processor with respect to pre-determined functions of the interface software layer and the virtual machine by setting the processor state information to settings associated with the interface software layer.
摘要翻译：本发明虚拟化包括主计算机系统的计算机，其包括处理器，存储器和物理系统设备。常规操作系统（以下称为“主机操作系统”或“HOS”）安装在硬件上。可在主计算机系统内执行的计算机程序产品包括用于在主机系统和虚拟机之间实现接口软件层，优选虚拟机监视器的计算机可执行代码; 用于读取和存储与所述HOS相关联的所述处理器的状态信息; 并且通过将处理器状态信息设置为与接口软件层相关联的设置，通过相对于接口软件层和虚拟机的预定功能，将HOS与处理器逻辑地解耦。

5. 发明授权

US07149843B1 System and method for detecting access to shared structures and for maintaining coherence of derived structures in virtualized multiprocessor systems 有权
标题翻译：用于检测对共享结构的访问并维护虚拟化多处理器系统中派生结构的一致性的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07149843B1
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US11185151
申请日：2005-07-19
申请人： Ole Agesen , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum , Edouard Bugnion
发明人： Ole Agesen , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum , Edouard Bugnion
IPC分类号： G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/45537 , G06F9/4812
摘要： A computer system includes at least one virtual machine that has a plurality of virtual processors all running on an underlying hardware platform. A software interface layer such as a virtual machine monitor establishes traces on primary structures located in a common memory space as needed for the different virtual processors. Whenever any one of the virtual processors generates a trace event, such as accessing a traced structure, then a notification is sent to at least the other virtual processors that have a trace on the accessed primary structure. In some applications, the VMM derives and maintains secondary structures corresponding to the primary structures, such as where the VMM converts, through binary translation, original code intended to run on a virtual processor into code that can be run on an underlying physical processor of the hardware platform. In these applications, the VMM may rederive or invalidate the secondary structures as needed upon receipt of the notification of the trace event. Different semantics are provided for the notification, providing different choices of performance versus guaranteed consistency between primary and secondary structures. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a dedicated sub-system is included within the VMM for each virtual processor; each sub-system establishes traces, senses trace events, issues the notification, and performs other operations relating specifically to its respective virtual processor.
摘要翻译：计算机系统包括至少一个具有在底层硬件平台上运行的多个虚拟处理器的虚拟机。诸如虚拟机监视器之类的软件接口层根据不同虚拟处理器的需要，在位于公共存储器空间中的主结构上建立迹线。无论何时任何一个虚拟处理器生成跟踪事件（例如访问跟踪结构），则向至少在所访问的主要结构上具有跟踪的其他虚拟处理器发送通知。在某些应用中，VMM导出和维护对应于主要结构的二级结构，例如VMM通过二进制转换将旨在在虚拟处理器上运行的原始代码转换为可以在底层物理处理器上运行的代码硬件平台。在这些应用中，VMM可以在接收到跟踪事件的通知时根据需要重新激活或使二级结构无效。为通知提供不同的语义，提供不同的性能选择与主要和次要结构之间的一致性保证。在本发明的优选实施例中，专用子系统包括在每个虚拟处理器的VMM内; 每个子系统建立跟踪，感测跟踪事件，发出通知，并执行与其各自的虚拟处理器专门相关的其他操作。

6. 发明授权

US6075938A Virtual machine monitors for scalable multiprocessors 失效
标题翻译：可扩展多处理器的虚拟机监视器
公开(公告)号：US6075938A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-13
申请号：US95283
申请日：1998-06-10
申请人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
发明人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F12/10 , G06F9/455 , G06F13/10
CPC分类号： G06F9/544 , G06F12/0284 , G06F12/109
摘要： The problem of extending modern operating systems to run efficiently on large-scale shared memory multiprocessors without a large implementation effort is solved by a unique type of virtual machine monitor. Virtual machines are used to run multiple commodity operating systems on a scalable multiprocessor. To reduce the memory overheads associated with running multiple operating systems, virtual machines transparently share major data structures such as the operating system code and the file system buffer cache. We use the distributed system support of modem operating systems to export a partial single system image to the users. Two techniques, copy-on-write disks and the use of a special network device, enable transparent resource sharing without requiring the cooperation of the operating systems. This solution addresses many of the challenges facing the system software for these machines. The overheads of the monitor are small and the approach provides scalability as well as the ability to deal with the non-uniform memory access time of these systems. The overall solution achieves most of the benefits of operating systems customized for scalable multiprocessors yet it can be achieved with a significantly smaller implementation effort.
摘要翻译：通过独特类型的虚拟机监视器解决了扩展现代操作系统以在大型共享内存多处理器上高效运行而无需大量实施工作的问题。虚拟机用于在可扩展的多处理器上运行多个商品操作系统。为了减少与运行多个操作系统相关的内存开销，虚拟机透明地共享主要数据结构，如操作系统代码和文件系统缓冲区缓存。我们使用调制解调器操作系统的分布式系统支持将部分单系统映像导出到用户。两种技术，写时写入磁盘和使用特殊的网络设备，可以实现透明的资源共享，而无需操作系统的协作。该解决方案解决了这些机器的系统软件面临的许多挑战。监视器的开销很小，该方法提供了可扩展性以及处理这些系统的非均匀内存访问时间的能力。整体解决方案可实现针对可扩展多处理器定制的操作系统的大多数优点，但可以通过显着更小的实施工作实现。

7. 发明授权

US06496847B1 System and method for virtualizing computer systems 有权
标题翻译：用于虚拟化计算机系统的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06496847B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-17
申请号：US09151175
申请日：1998-09-10
申请人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
发明人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
IPC分类号： G06F954
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533
摘要： A virtual machine monitor (VMM) is included in a computer system that has a protected host operating system (HOS). A virtual machine running at least one application via a virtual operating system is connected to the VMM. Both the HOS and the VMM have separate operating contexts and disjoint address spaces, but are both co-resident at system level. A driver that is downloadable into the HOS at system level forms a total context switch between the VMM and HOS contexts. A user-level emulator accepts commands from the VMM via the system-level driver and processes these commands as remote procedure calls. The emulator is able to issue host operating system calls and thereby access the physical system devices via the host operating system. The host operating system itself thus handles execution of certain VMM instructions, such as accessing physical devices.
摘要翻译：虚拟机监视器（VMM）包含在具有受保护的主机操作系统（HOS）的计算机系统中。通过虚拟操作系统运行至少一个应用程序的虚拟机连接到VMM。居屋和VMM都有独立的经营环境和不相交的地址空间，但都是共同居住在系统层面。可在系统级下载到HOS中的驱动程序在VMM和HOS上下文之间形成总体上下文切换。用户级仿真器通过系统级驱动程序接受来自VMM的命令，并将这些命令作为远程过程调用进行处理。仿真器能够发出主机操作系统调用，从而通过主机操作系统访问物理系统设备。主机操作系统本身因此处理某些VMM指令的执行，例如访问物理设备。

8. 发明授权

US06397242B1 Virtualization system including a virtual machine monitor for a computer with a segmented architecture 有权
标题翻译：虚拟化系统包括具有分段架构的计算机的虚拟机监视器
公开(公告)号：US06397242B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09179137
申请日：1998-10-26
申请人： Scott W. Devine , Edouard Bugnion , Mendel Rosenblum
发明人： Scott W. Devine , Edouard Bugnion , Mendel Rosenblum
IPC分类号： G06F900
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533
摘要： In a computer that has hardware processor, and a memory, the invention provides a virtual machine monitor (VMM) and a virtual machine (VM) that has at least one virtual processor and is operatively connected to the VMM for running a sequence of VM instructions, which are either directly executable or non-directly executable. The VMM includes both a binary translation sub-system and a direct execution sub-system, as well as a sub-system that determines if VM instructions must be executed using binary translation, or if they can be executed using direct execution. Shadow descriptor tables in the VMM, corresponding to VM descriptor tables, segment tracking and memory tracing are used as factors in the decision of which execution mode to activate. The invention is particularly well-adapted for virtualizing computers in which the hardware processor has an Intel x86 architecture.
摘要翻译：在具有硬件处理器和存储器的计算机中，本发明提供了具有至少一个虚拟处理器并且可操作地连接到VMM以用于运行一系列VM指令的虚拟机监视器（VMM）和虚拟机（VM），它们是直接可执行的或不可直接执行的。 VMM包括二进制翻译子系统和直接执行子系统，以及确定是否必须使用二进制转换执行VM指令的子系统，或者是否可以使用直接执行来执行。 VMM中的阴影描述符表对应于VM描述符表，段跟踪和内存跟踪被用作决定哪个执行模式激活的因素。本发明特别适合虚拟化其中硬件处理器具有Intel x86架构的计算机。

9. 发明授权

US06944699B1 System and method for facilitating context-switching in a multi-context computer system 有权
标题翻译：用于在多上下文计算机系统中促进上下文切换的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06944699B1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10307273
申请日：2002-11-27
申请人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
发明人： Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine , Mendel Rosenblum
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F13/24
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533
摘要： A virtual machine monitor (VMM) is included in a computer system that has a protected host operating system (HOS). A virtual machine running at least one application via a virtual operating system is connected to the VMM. Both the HOS and the VMM have separate operating contexts and disjoint address spaces, but are both co-resident at system level. A driver that is downloadable into the HOS at system level forms a total context switch between the VMM and HOS contexts. A user-level emulator accepts commands from the VMM via the system-level driver and processes these commands as remote procedure calls. The emulator is able to issue host operating system calls and thereby access the physical system devices via the host operating system. The host operating system itself thus handles execution of certain VMM instructions, such as accessing physical devices.
摘要翻译：虚拟机监视器（VMM）包含在具有受保护的主机操作系统（HOS）的计算机系统中。通过虚拟操作系统运行至少一个应用程序的虚拟机连接到VMM。居屋和VMM都有独立的经营环境和不相交的地址空间，但都是共同居住在系统层面。可在系统级下载到HOS中的驱动程序在VMM和HOS上下文之间形成总体上下文切换。用户级仿真器通过系统级驱动程序接受来自VMM的命令，并将这些命令作为远程过程调用进行处理。仿真器能够发出主机操作系统调用，从而通过主机操作系统访问物理系统设备。主机操作系统本身因此处理某些VMM指令的执行，例如访问物理设备。

10. 发明授权

US08060877B1 Undefeatable transformation for virtual machine I/O operations 有权
标题翻译：虚拟机I / O操作的不可逆转换
公开(公告)号：US08060877B1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US11841622
申请日：2007-08-20
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Edouard Bugnion
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Edouard Bugnion
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F21/00 , G06F11/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/545 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45579
摘要： I/O operations between a virtual machine (VM) and a device external to the VM are monitored by a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Data passing between the VM and the external device is transformed by the VMM, in some cases only when a predetermined filtering or triggering condition is met. Because the VMM, and thus the transformation operation, is transparent to the VM, the transformation cannot be prevented or undone or even affected by any action by a user of the VM. Examples of the non-defeatable transformation of I/O data include generating display overlays such as banners, masking out portions of a display, encryption, compression and network shaping such as bandwidth limiting.
摘要翻译：虚拟机（VM）与VM外部的设备之间的I / O操作由虚拟机监视器（VMM）监视。虚拟机和外部设备之间的数据通过VMM进行转换，在某些情况下，只有当满足预定的过滤或触发条件时才会进行。因为VMM，因此转换操作对于VM是透明的，所以转换不能被VM的用户的任何动作阻止或撤消甚至影响。 I / O数据的不可逆转换的示例包括生成诸如横幅的显示覆盖，屏蔽显示的部分，加密，压缩和诸如带宽限制的网络整形。

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