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    • 1. 发明公开
    • Thermal synthesis apparatus and method
    • Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen Synthese
    • EP1413354A1
    • 2004-04-28
    • EP02257291.1
    • 2002-10-21
    • Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC
    • Fincke, James R.Detering, Brent A.
    • B01J19/08B01J19/26C07C11/24H05H1/24C01B3/24C22B4/00C22B4/08C22B34/12
    • C22B34/1272B01J19/088B01J19/26B01J2219/00094B01J2219/00119B01J2219/0218B01J2219/0227B01J2219/0263B01J2219/0809B01J2219/0871B01J2219/0879B01J2219/0886B01J2219/0894C01B3/24C01B2203/0272C01B2203/0861C01G23/07C07C2/80C09C1/54C22B4/005C22B4/08H05H1/34H05H1/42H05H2001/3484C07C11/24
    • An apparatus (10) for thermal conversion of one or more reactants to desired end-products includes an insulated reactor chamber (16) having a high temperature heater such as a plasma torch (12) at its inlet end and, optionally, a restrictive convergent-divergent nozzle (18) at its outlet end. In a thermal conversion method, reactants (30) are injected upstream from the reactor chamber and thoroughly mixed with a plasma stream (31) before entering the reactor chamber (16). The reactor chamber (16) has a reaction zone that is maintained at a substantially uniform temperature. The resulting heated gaseous stream is then rapidly cooled by passage through the nozzle (18) which "freezes" the desired end product(s) in the heated equilibrium reaction stage, or is discharged through an outlet pipe without the convergent-divergent nozzle. The desired end products are then separated from the gaseous stream.
    • 通过以下方式将反应物转化为所需的最终产物:(a)当反应物流轴向流过注入管时加热反应物,从而将反应物流与加热气体充分混合; 和(b)将充分混合的反应物流轴向通过轴向反应器的反应区。 将反应物转化成所需的最终产物包括:(a)在轴向反应器的一端引入反应物流; (b)当反应物流轴向流过具有相对于轴向反应器的直径减小的注入管线时加热反应物流以产生湍流,从而将反应物流与加热气体充分混合; 和(c)将充分混合的反应物流轴向通过轴向反应器的反应区。 反应区在其长度上保持在均匀的温度。 轴向反应器在条件下操作,以使反应物流加热至选定的反应温度,在该反应温度下,在邻近轴向反应器出口端的位置产生所需产物。 还包括用于快速淬火装置的独立权利要求,用于将热力学稳定的高温气流中的反应物热转化为气体或超细固体颗粒形式的期望的最终产物,其包括:(i)多端口喷射器 用于在轴向反应器的入口端或其上游引入反应物流; (ii)等离子体产生炬,激光或火焰,用于在轴向反应器的入口端上游产生热气流; (iii)用于使反应物流和热气流通过具有减小的直径的注入管线的注入管线(23)以产生湍流,从而将反应物流与热气流充分混合; 和(iv)用于使轴向反应器内的径向温度梯度最小化的绝缘层。