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1. 发明授权

US06294109B1 Ferroelectric and electroclinic liquid crystal materials with sub-ambient temperature stability, broad operation range, and fast dynamic response 失效
标题翻译：铁电和电子液晶材料具有亚环境温度稳定性，操作范围广，动态响应快
公开(公告)号：US06294109B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US08489920
申请日：1995-06-13
申请人： Banahalli R. Ratna , Ranganathan Shashidhar , Jawad Naciri , Gregory P. Crawford , Joel M. Schnur
发明人： Banahalli R. Ratna , Ranganathan Shashidhar , Jawad Naciri , Gregory P. Crawford , Joel M. Schnur
IPC分类号： C09K1920
CPC分类号： C09K19/406 , C07C205/37 , C07C205/42 , C07C205/43 , C07F7/0838
摘要： A new class of mesogenic compounds has the formula: where R1 is an ester (—COO—) group; R2 is H, NO2, CN, F, or Cl; R3 is H, CH2═CH, or (CH3)3Si; k is 1 or 2; q is 0 or 1; m is from 2 to 16; n is from 2 to 12; r is from 0 to n−1 (but not greater than 3 or 4); s=1 when r=0, s=0 when r≠0; x is from 0 to 4; and * denotes the position of a chiral carbon. Compounds within this class will have a smectic A* phase, and in some cases a smectic C* phase. Mixtures including one or more of these mesogenic compounds will be useful for a variety of applications.
摘要翻译：一类新的介晶化合物具有下式：其中R1是酯（-COO-）基团; R2是H，NO2，CN，F或Cl; R3是H，CH2 = CH或（CH3）3Si; k为1或2; q为0或1; m为2〜16; n为2至12; r为0〜n-1（但不大于3或4）; 当r = 0时s = 1，当r <0时s = 0; x为0〜4; 和*表示手性碳的位置。该类中的化合物将具有近晶A *相，并且在一些情况下具有近晶C *相。包括这些介晶化合物中的一种或多种的混合物可用于各种应用。

2. 发明授权

US5948316A Liquid crystal composition and alignment layer 失效
标题翻译：液晶组成和取向层
公开(公告)号：US5948316A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-07
申请号：US559318
申请日：1995-11-15
申请人： Ranganathan Shashidhar , Brian Peek , Banahalli R. Ratna , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Joel M. Schnur , Mu-San Chen , Renate J. Crawford
发明人： Ranganathan Shashidhar , Brian Peek , Banahalli R. Ratna , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Joel M. Schnur , Mu-San Chen , Renate J. Crawford
IPC分类号： C09K19/04 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/1337 , C09K19/56 , C07F7/04
CPC分类号： G02F1/133719 , G02F1/133753 , Y10T428/1014 , Y10T428/31663
摘要： A surface for the alignment of liquid crystals containing directionally-linked groups.
摘要翻译：用于对准含有定向连接基团的液晶的表面。

3. 发明授权

US5578351A Liquid crystal composition and alignment layer 失效
公开(公告)号：US5578351A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US375997
申请日：1995-01-20
申请人： Ranganathan Shashidhar , Brian Peek , Banahalli R. Ratna , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Joel M. Schnur , Mu-San Chen , Renate J. Crawford
发明人： Ranganathan Shashidhar , Brian Peek , Banahalli R. Ratna , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Joel M. Schnur , Mu-San Chen , Renate J. Crawford
IPC分类号： C09K19/04 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/1337 , B32B27/00
CPC分类号： G02F1/133719 , G02F1/133753 , Y10T428/1014 , Y10T428/31663
摘要： A surface for the alignment of liquid crystals containing directionally-linked groups.

4. 发明授权

US6156232A Liquid crystal composition and alignment layer 失效
标题翻译：液晶组成和取向层
公开(公告)号：US6156232A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US246216
申请日：1999-01-20
申请人： Ranganathan Shashidhar , Kirsten A. Grueneberg , Banahalli R. Ratna , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Joel M. Schnur , Mu-San Chen
发明人： Ranganathan Shashidhar , Kirsten A. Grueneberg , Banahalli R. Ratna , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Joel M. Schnur , Mu-San Chen
IPC分类号： B82B1/00 , C03C17/30 , C03C17/42 , C09K19/52 , G02F1/1337 , C09K19/56 , B32B27/14 , C07F7/10 , G02F1/135
CPC分类号： C03C17/30 , C03C17/42 , G02F1/133719 , G02F1/133788 , Y10T428/1005 , Y10T428/1086 , Y10T428/24802
摘要： A surface for the alignment of liquid crystals containing directionally-linked groups and compounds useful for preparing such surfaces are disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了用于对准含有方向性连接基团的液晶的表面和用于制备这种表面的化合物。

5. 发明授权

US06936215B1 Processing methodology for the rational control of bilayer numbers leading to high efficiency production of lipid microtubules 失效
标题翻译：合理控制双层数量的加工方法导致脂质微管的高效生产
公开(公告)号：US06936215B1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US08703608
申请日：1996-08-27
申请人： Ronald R. Price , Joel M. Schnur , Banahalli R. Ratna , Mark S. Spector
发明人： Ronald R. Price , Joel M. Schnur , Banahalli R. Ratna , Mark S. Spector
IPC分类号： B01J13/00
CPC分类号： C11B3/00
摘要： The wall thickness of lipid microtubules are controlled by selecting a methanol/water system and determining the required amount of a lipid to form the desired wall thickness. The lipid is dissolved in a small portion of the heated methanol and that clear solution is added to the remaining amount of the heated methanol/water system. By slowly cooling the solution, microtubules are formed which have the desired wall thickness. Preferred microtubules have a wall thickness of just 2 bilayers and they are robust so they can be further coated. They can be made with a large aspect ratio and with lengths of greater than 250 microns. The process permits production of microtubules in very high yields.
摘要翻译：通过选择甲醇/水系统并确定所需量的脂质以形成所需的壁厚来控制脂质微管的壁厚。将脂质溶解在一小部分加热的甲醇中，并将澄清溶液加入剩余量的加热的甲醇/水体系中。通过缓慢冷却溶液，形成具有所需壁厚的微管。优选的微管的壁厚仅为2双层，并且它们是坚固的，因此它们可以被进一步涂覆。它们可以制成具有大的纵横比并且长度大于250微米。该方法允许以非常高的产率生产微管。

6. 发明授权

US5252695A Fast switching ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers 失效
标题翻译：快速开关铁电液晶聚合物
公开(公告)号：US5252695A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US892951
申请日：1992-06-03
申请人： Jawad Niciri , Joel M. Schnur , Ranganathan Shashidhar
发明人： Jawad Niciri , Joel M. Schnur , Ranganathan Shashidhar
IPC分类号： C08G77/38 , C09K19/38 , C09K19/40 , C08G77/22
CPC分类号： C08G77/38 , C09K19/3857 , C09K19/408 , Y10T428/1014
摘要： Liquid crystal polymers containing 0.1 to 0.9 mole % of repeating units bing a mesogenic side group and 0.1 to 0.9 mole % of repeating units which do not bear a mesogenic side group in which the mesogenic side group has the formula:--(CH.sub.2).sub.n O--R.sub.1 --X--R.sub.2R.sub.1 is 1,4-phenylene or 4,4'-biphenylene;X is --COO-- or --OCO--;R.sub.2 is ##STR1## wherein k is 0 or 1, * indicates an optically active center;Z is NO.sub.2, F, or Cl;R.sub.3 is C.sub.l H.sub.2l+1, --*CH(CH.sub.3)C.sub.p H.sub.2p+1 --CH.sub.2 C.sub.q F.sub.2q+1, --*CH(CH.sub.3)COOC.sub.t H.sub.2t+1 (wherein l and p are each independently an integer of from 1 to 10 and q and t are each independently an integer of from 1 to 6); and n is an integer of 4 to 12;exhibit fast response times.
摘要翻译：含有0.1〜0.9摩尔％的含有介晶侧基的重复单元和0.1〜0.9摩尔％的不含中介侧基的中间侧基的重复单元的液晶聚合物，其中介晶侧基具有下式： - （CH 2）n O- R1-X-R2 R1是1,4-亚苯基或4,4'-亚联苯; X是-COO-或-OCO-; R2是其中k是0或1，*表示光学活动中心; Z是NO2，F或Cl; R3是ClH2l + 1， - * CH（CH3）CpH2p + 1 -CH2CqF2q + 1， - * CH（CH3）COOCtH2t + 1（其中l和p各自独立地为1〜10的整数，q和t分别为独立地为1〜6的整数）; n为4〜12的整数。表现出快速响应时间。

7. 发明授权

US06440056B1 Diacetylenics containing adjacent triple bonds 失效
标题翻译：含有相邻三键的二乙酰基
公开(公告)号：US06440056B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09845106
申请日：2001-04-27
申请人： Alok Singh , Paul Schoen , Dan Zabetakis , Joel M. Schnur
发明人： Alok Singh , Paul Schoen , Dan Zabetakis , Joel M. Schnur
IPC分类号： C11B300
CPC分类号： C07C51/373 , C07C51/353 , C07C57/24 , C07C59/76 , C07C59/84
摘要： This invention pertains to a process for preparing diacetylenics, to diacetylenic compounds and to reduced diacetylenic compounds. The process includes the steps of reacting coupling an acetylenic acid in presence of cupric chloride in Ethylamine and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form a diacetylenic diacid; reacting the diacetylenic diacid with a lithium compound, trimethylsilyl chloride and hydrochloric acid to form a diacetylenic compound; and reducing the diacetylenic compound to a reduced diacetylenic compound. The diacetylenic compounds have the formula COOH—(CH2)m—C≡C—C≡C—(CH2)m—C(═O)—R or R—C(═O)—(CH2)m—C≡C—C≡C—(CH2)m—C(═O)—R and the reduced cyclic diacetylenic compounds have the formula COOH—(CH2)m—C≡C—C≡C—(CH2)m—CH2—R or R—CH2—(CH2)m—C≡C—C≡C—(CH2)m—CH2—R, where m is 1-18 and R is selected from alkyl groups of 1-10 and cyclic groups containing 6-35 carbon atoms and aryl moieties
摘要翻译：本发明涉及制备二乙炔基化合物，二乙炔化合物和还原二炔化合物的方法。该方法包括使乙酸氯化物在乙胺和盐酸羟胺存在下偶联乙酸以形成二乙炔二酸的步骤; 使二乙炔二酸与锂化合物，三甲基甲硅烷基氯和盐酸反应，形成二乙炔化合物; 并将二乙炔化合物还原成还原的二乙炔化合物。二乙炔化合物具有式COOH-（CH2）mC = CC = C-（CH2）mC（= O）-R或RC（= O） - （CH2）mC = CC = C-（CH2）mC（= O ）-R并且还原的环状二炔化合物具有式COOH-（CH 2）m C = CC = C-（CH 2）m -CH 2 -R或R-CH 2 - （CH 2）m C = CC = C-（CH 2）m - CH2-R，其中m为1-18，R选自1-10的烷基和含有6-35个碳原子的环状基团和芳基部分

8. 发明授权

US5077085A High resolution metal patterning of ultra-thin films on solid substrates 失效
标题翻译：固体基底上超薄膜的高分辨率金属图案化
公开(公告)号：US5077085A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-31
申请号：US22439
申请日：1987-03-06
申请人： Joel M. Schnur , Paul E. Schoen , Martin C. Peckerar , Christie R. K. Marrian , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Jacque H. Georger, Jr.
发明人： Joel M. Schnur , Paul E. Schoen , Martin C. Peckerar , Christie R. K. Marrian , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Jacque H. Georger, Jr.
IPC分类号： B05D1/18 , C09D4/00 , C40B60/14 , G06N3/00 , G06N99/00 , H01L21/288 , H05K3/18
CPC分类号： G06N99/007 , B05D1/185 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C09D4/00 , C23C18/1608 , C23C18/1612 , C23C18/1882 , G06N3/002 , H01L21/288 , H01L21/2885 , H05K3/185 , B01J2219/00432 , B01J2219/00603 , B01J2219/00605 , B01J2219/0061 , B01J2219/00612 , B01J2219/00617 , B01J2219/00637 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00711 , B82Y5/00 , C12N2535/10 , C40B60/14
摘要： A process for producing metal plated paths on a solid substrate of the kind which has polar functional groups at its surface utilizes a self-assembling monomolecular film that is chemically adsorbed on the substrate's surface. The solid substrate may, for example, be an insulator of the kind used for substrates in printed circuitry or may, as another example, be a semiconductor of the kind used in semiconductor microcircuitry. The chemical reactivity in regions of the ultra-thin film is altered to produce a desired pattern in the film. A catalytic precursor which adheres only to those regions of the film having enough reactivity to bind the catalyst is applied to the film's surface. The catalyst coated structure is then immersed in an electrolers plating bath where metal plates onto the regions activated by the catalyst.
摘要翻译：在其表面上具有极性官能团的固体基板上制造金属电镀路径的方法利用化学吸附在基板表面上的自组装单分子膜。固体基材例如可以是用于印刷电路板中的基板的绝缘体，或者作为另一示例，可以是半导体微电路中使用的半导体。在超薄膜的区域中的化学反应性被改变以在膜中产生所需的图案。仅将粘合有具有足够反应性的膜结合催化剂的区域的催化前体施加到膜的表面。然后将催化剂涂覆的结构浸入其中金属板的电极电镀浴到由催化剂活化的区域上。

9. 发明授权

US4990291A Method of making lipid tubules by a cooling process 失效
标题翻译：通过冷却过程制备脂质小管的方法
公开(公告)号：US4990291A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-05
申请号：US161934
申请日：1988-02-29
申请人： Paul E. Schoen , Paul Yager , Joel M. Schnur
发明人： Paul E. Schoen , Paul Yager , Joel M. Schnur
IPC分类号： A61K9/127
CPC分类号： A61K9/1274 , Y10S514/832 , Y10S514/885
摘要： Diacetylinic phosophocholines have distinctly different endothermic and exothermic transition temperatures. Lipid tubules are formed by hydrating a diacetylinic phosphocholine at a temperature above its endothermic transition temperature. The hydrated lipid is then cooled slowly to a formation temperature 1.degree. to 10.degree. C. below the exothermic transition temperature to form tubule structures. The tubules structures can be polymerized to form permanent tubules. The tubules can be used in the same manner as a liposome vesicle or they can be metal coated for a variety of applications.
摘要翻译：二乙酰基鸟嘌呤具有明显不同的吸热和放热转变温度。通过在高于其吸热转变温度的温度下水合二乙酰基磷酸胆碱形成脂质小管。然后将水合脂肪缓慢冷却至低于放热转变温度1℃至10℃的形成温度以形成小管结构。小管结构可以聚合形成永久性小管。小管可以以与脂质体囊泡相同的方式使用，或者它们可以金属涂覆以用于各种应用。

10. 发明授权

US4911981A Metal clad lipid microstructures 失效
标题翻译：金属包覆脂质微结构
公开(公告)号：US4911981A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-27
申请号：US63029
申请日：1987-06-16
申请人： Joel M. Schnur , Paul E. Schoen , Paul Yager , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Jacque H. Georger , Ronald Price
发明人： Joel M. Schnur , Paul E. Schoen , Paul Yager , Jeffrey M. Calvert , Jacque H. Georger , Ronald Price
IPC分类号： A61K9/127
CPC分类号： A61K9/1274 , Y10T428/2925 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T428/2989
摘要： Tubular, spheroidal, and helical lipid microstructures are individually clad with a metal coat deposited on the microstructures by an electroless plating bath. In metal cladding the microstructures, the surfaces of the lipid microstructures are sensitized by adsorption thereon of a catalytic precursor which enables metal from the electroless plating bath to deposit upon and adhere to the sensitized surface. The metal plate is electrically conductive and may also be magnetic. A composite material is produced by embedding the metal clad microstructures in a matrix of a polymer such as an epoxy or a polyurethane.
摘要翻译：管状，球形和螺旋脂质微结构分别用无电镀浴沉积在微结构上的金属涂层。在金属包层微观结构中，脂质微结构的表面通过在其上吸附催化前体而致敏，催化前体使得化学镀浴中的金属沉积并附着于敏化表面。金属板是导电的并且也可以是磁性的。通过将金属包覆微结构嵌入聚合物如环氧树脂或聚氨酯的基体中来制备复合材料。

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