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1. 发明授权

US09282926B2 Camera for recording surface structures, such as for dental purposes 有权
标题翻译：用于记录表面结构的相机，例如用于牙科用途
公开(公告)号：US09282926B2
公开(公告)日：2016-03-15
申请号：US12338564
申请日：2008-12-18
申请人： Axel Schwotzer , Volker Schmidt
发明人： Axel Schwotzer , Volker Schmidt
IPC分类号： H04N13/02 , A61B5/00 , A61B1/24 , A61B1/00 , A61B1/06
CPC分类号： A61C9/006 , A61B1/00163 , A61B1/00193 , A61B1/04 , A61B1/0646 , A61B1/0669 , A61B1/24 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/4547 , A61C1/088
摘要： A 3-D camera for obtaining an image of at least one surface of at least one object. The camera comprises a light source, arranged to illuminate the object, wherein a light beam emitted from the light source defines a projection optical path. The camera also includes at least one first aperture having a first predetermined size, interposed in the projection optical path such that the light beam passes through it. An image sensor receives light back-scattered by the object, the back-scattered light defining an observation optical path. At least one second aperture having a second predetermined size, is interposed in the observation optical path such that the back-scattered light passes through it. In one example embodiment of the invention, the first predetermined size is greater than the second predetermined size, and at least one optic is arranged in both the projection and observation optical paths.
摘要翻译：一种用于获得至少一个物体的至少一个表面的图像的3-D照相机。相机包括被布置成照亮物体的光源，其中从光源发射的光束限定投影光路。照相机还包括具有第一预定尺寸的至少一个第一孔，插入在投影光路中，使得光束通过它。图像传感器接收由物体反向散射的光，所述背散射光限定观察光路。具有第二预定尺寸的至少一个第二孔被插入观察光路中，使得背散射光通过它。在本发明的一个示例实施例中，第一预定尺寸大于第二预定尺寸，并且在投影和观察光路两者中布置至少一个光学元件。

2. 发明授权

US08615128B2 Method for 3D, measurement of the surface of an object, in particular for dental purposes 有权
标题翻译：用于3D的方法，测量物体的表面，特别是用于牙科目的
公开(公告)号：US08615128B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-24
申请号：US13141605
申请日：2009-12-23
申请人： Axel Schwotzer , Konrad Klein
发明人： Axel Schwotzer , Konrad Klein
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/2513 , A61B1/24 , A61B5/0088 , A61B5/1077 , A61C9/0053 , A61C13/0004 , G01B21/042
摘要： For the purpose of 3D scanning the surface of an object by optical double triangulation using the phase-shifting method, more particularly for dental purposes, at least two 3D scans of the same object (1) are carried out at different triangulation angles (θ1, θ2), the first angle of which is known and the second angle of which is known at least approximately. For each pixel (Bi) of the phase related image (φ1(x,y)), a wave number (wz(xi,yi) is determined using the second phase related image, the integral portion of which is equal to the order (n) of the uniqueness range (E1) in which the respective pixel (Bi) is located. The wave number (wz(x,y)) is optimized, at least for a random sample of m pixels (Bi), by minimizing a non-integral portion of the wave number (wz (xi,yi)−[wz(xi,yi)]).
摘要翻译：为了通过使用相移方法的光学双重三角测量来对物体的表面进行3D扫描，更特别地用于牙科目的，相同物体（1）的至少两个3D扫描以不同的三角测量角（θ1， θ2），其第一角度是已知的，并且其第二角度至少已知是近似的。对于相位相关图像（phi1（x，y））的每个像素（Bi），使用第二相位相关图像来确定波数（wi（xi，yi）），其第二相位相关图像的积分部分等于对于像素（Bi）所在的唯一性范围（E1），对波数（wz（x，y））进行优化，至少对于m个像素（Bi）的随机样本，最小化波数的非积分部分（wz（xi，yi） - [wz（xi，yi）]）。

3. 发明申请

US20070050072A1 Blank for a dental prosthetic item containing machining information, machining device therefor, and machining method therefor 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于含有加工信息的牙科修补物品的空白，其加工装置及其加工方法
公开(公告)号：US20070050072A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-01
申请号：US11512343
申请日：2006-08-30
申请人： Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： A61C13/0022 , G16H50/50
摘要： A blank (10) for the production of a dental prosthetic item (22) by being machined is provided with information relevant to the machining operation by an information-containing memory (22) which is connected to the blank (10) and readable by radio signals. A machining device for the production of dental prosthetic items from the blank (10) includes a reading device (16) for obtaining information concerning the blank (10) by means of radio signals (23). A method of machining such a blank is disclosed.
摘要翻译：通过加工用于生产牙科假体物品（22）的坯件（10）被提供有与由空白（10）连接并且可由无线电读取的信息存储器（22）与加工操作有关的信息信号。用于从坯料（10）生产牙科修复物品的加工装置包括用于通过无线电信号（23）获得关于坯件（10）的信息的读取装置（16）。公开了一种加工这种坯料的方法。

4. 发明授权

US06885464B1 3-D camera for recording surface structures, in particular for dental purposes 有权
标题翻译：用于记录表面结构的3-D相机，特别用于牙科用途
公开(公告)号：US06885464B1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-26
申请号：US09342736
申请日：1999-06-29
申请人： Joachim Pfeiffer , Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Joachim Pfeiffer , Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： A61C19/04 , A61B5/107 , A61C9/00 , G01B11/24 , G01C3/06 , G03B35/00 , H04N13/02
CPC分类号： A61B5/0064 , A61B5/0088 , A61B5/1077 , A61C9/00 , A61C9/0053 , G01B11/0608 , G01B11/24 , G01B11/2513 , G01B11/2527
摘要： A 3-D camera and a method for recording surface structures on an object of interest by triangulation, in particular for dental purposes. The camera provides for producing a group of light beams in order to illuminate the object of interest via a projection optical path, an image sensor for receiving light back-scattered by the object of interest via an observation optical path, and provides, in the projection optical path, for producing a pattern projected onto the object of interest. To avoid ambiguities in the event of large height differences, the camera provides for the projection optical path and/or the observation optical path for altering the triangulation angle, which is defined by the angle between the centroid beam of the projection optical path and the centroid beam of the observation optical path. The proposed process involves the taking of at least two 3-D measurements of the same object of interest with different triangulation angles.
摘要翻译： 3-D照相机和用于通过三角测量记录感兴趣对象上的表面结构的方法，特别是用于牙科目的。照相机提供产生一组光束以经由投影光路照射感兴趣的物体，图像传感器，用于经由观察光路接收由感兴趣物体反向散射的光，并且在投影中提供光路，用于产生投影到感兴趣对象上的图案。为了避免在高度差异较大的情况下的歧义，摄像机提供用于改变三角测量角度的投影光路和/或观察光路，其由投影光路的质心光束与质心之间的角度限定观察光路的光束。所提出的过程涉及采用具有不同三角测角的相同感兴趣对象的至少两个3-D测量。

5. 发明授权

US4995062A X-ray diagnostics installation for producing panorama tomograms of the jaw of a patient 失效
标题翻译： X射线诊断装置用于生成患者颌骨的全景断层扫描
公开(公告)号：US4995062A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-19
申请号：US386603
申请日：1989-07-31
申请人： Ulrich Schulze-Ganzlin , Joachim Pfeiffer , Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Ulrich Schulze-Ganzlin , Joachim Pfeiffer , Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , A61B6/03 , A61B6/14 , G01T1/20 , H04N7/18
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/14 , A61B6/4435 , G01T1/2018
摘要： A dental x-ray diagnostics installation for producing panorama tomograms of the jaw of a patient has clocked CCD sensors which generate electrical signals proportional to the radiation intensity thereon, and which are operated at a speed to simulate a moving x-ray film. For the purpose of simultaneously acquiring exposures of a number of different jaw slices at different depths of field during one exposure, at least some of the CCD columns are driven with different clock frequencies by separate clock inputs.
摘要翻译：用于产生患者颌骨的全景断层图的牙科X射线诊断装置具有CCD传感器，其产生与其上的辐射强度成比例的电信号，并以速度操作以模拟移动的X射线胶片。为了在一次曝光期间同时获取不同深度的不同颚切片的曝光的目的，通过分开的时钟输入以不同的时钟频率驱动至少一些CCD列。

6. 发明申请

US20110311105A1 METHOD FOR 3D, MEASUREMENT OF THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT, IN PARTICULAR FOR DENTAL PURPOSES 有权
标题翻译：用于3D，特别是牙科用途的物体表面的测量方法
公开(公告)号：US20110311105A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-22
申请号：US13141605
申请日：2009-12-23
申请人： Axel Schwotzer , Konrad Klein
发明人： Axel Schwotzer , Konrad Klein
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01B11/2513 , A61B1/24 , A61B5/0088 , A61B5/1077 , A61C9/0053 , A61C13/0004 , G01B21/042
摘要： For the purpose of 3D scanning the surface of an object by optical double triangulation using the phase-shifting method, more particularly for dental purposes, at least two 3D scans of the same object (1) are carried out at different triangulation angles (θ1, θ2), the first angle of which is known and the second angle of which is known at least approximately. For each pixel (Bi) of the phase related image (φ1(x,y)), a wave number (wz(xi,yi) is determined using the second phase related image, the integral portion of which is equal to the order (n) of the uniqueness range (E1) in which the respective pixel (Bi) is located. The wave number (wz(x,y)) is optimized, at least for a random sample of m pixels (Bi), by minimizing a non-integral portion of the wave number (wz (xi,yi)−[wz(xi,yi)]).
摘要翻译：为了通过使用相移方法的光学双重三角测量来对物体的表面进行3D扫描，更特别地用于牙科目的，同一物体（1）的至少两个3D扫描以不同的三角测量角（...; 1，＆thetas; 2），其第一个角度是已知的，第二个角度已知至少近似。对于相位相关图像（＆phgr; 1（x，y））的每个像素（Bi），使用第二相位相关图像来确定波数（wz（xi，yi）），其整数部分等于相对于像素（Bi）所在的唯一性范围（E1）的阶数（n），波数（wz（x，y））被优化，至少对于m个像素（Bi）的随机样本，通过最小化波数的非积分部分（wz（xi，yi） - [wz（xi，yi）]）。

7. 发明授权

US07679723B2 Measuring device and method that operates according to the basic principles of confocal microscopy 有权
标题翻译：根据共焦显微镜的基本原理操作的测量装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US07679723B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-16
申请号：US11792720
申请日：2005-12-01
申请人： Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： G01C11/12 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G02B21/0064 , G02B21/0028
摘要： A scanning system for confocal scanning of an object, comprising a light source (1), imaging optics (4) for focusing the light (5) radiated from the light source (1) onto the object (6) to be scanned, and further comprising an image detector (10) for detecting the light (7) from an object point (6′) backscattered from the object (6) and passing through the same imaging optics (4). Means (11) for varying the length of the optical path are disposed in the optical path between the aperture array (3) and the object (6), by which means the optical distance of the image plane can be modified in a specific manner, and means are provided to influence the light (5) radiated by the light source onto the object (6) and/or the light (7) reflected from the object (6) and impinging on the sensor (10), in at least one of its characteristics, during an exposure period (tB1) for acquiring an image, and, during said exposure period (tB1), a profile holds which states a specific relationship between the characteristic of the light (5, 7) and the optical distance of the image plane from the imaging optics (4), and means (10) are provided which provide a measured value dependent on the characteristics of the light of the trajectory of observation (7) over the exposure period (tB1), a height coordinate (Zs) of the object (6) being reconstructable from the measured value achieved during said exposure period (tB1) and a reference value.
摘要翻译：一种用于物体的共焦扫描的扫描系统，包括光源（1），用于将从光源（1）辐射的光（5）聚焦到待扫描的物体（6）上的成像光学器件（4）包括用于从从物体（6）反向散射并穿过相同成像光学器件（4）的物体点（6'）检测光（7）的图像检测器（10）。用于改变光路长度的装置（11）设置在孔径阵列（3）和物体（6）之间的光路中，由此可以以特定方式修改图像平面的光学距离，并且提供装置以将光源照射到物体（6）上的光（5）和/或从物体（6）反射并照射到传感器（10）上的光（7）至少一个在用于获取图像的曝光期间（tB1）期间，在所述曝光期间（tB1）期间，保持将所述光（5,7）的特性与所述光（5,7）的光学距离的特定关系提供来自成像光学器件（4）的图像平面和装置（10），其提供取决于在曝光周期（tB1）上的观察轨迹（7）的光的特性的测量值，高度坐标（对象（6）的Zs可以从实现的测量值重建 ng表示曝光期（tB1）和参考值。

8. 发明授权

US07522764B2 Method and system for imaging an object 有权
标题翻译：用于成像对象的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07522764B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-21
申请号：US10757507
申请日：2004-01-15
申请人： Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： G06K9/00 , G06K9/40 , G06K9/36 , G01B11/24 , A61C3/00
CPC分类号： A61B1/24 , A61B5/1077 , A61B5/4547 , A61B5/7203 , G01B11/2527
摘要： In a method of imaging an object, for dental purposes, comprises: a) projecting a striped pattern on to the object to be imaged, b) recording the projected striped pattern as a basic image (Ri) with a camera, steps a) and b) being carried out at a number of different positions of the phase relationship of the striped pattern, and c) computing an image of the object from the plurality of mutually out-of-phrase basic camera images. Provision is made for suppression of periodic disturbances in that, in step c), c1) at least two groups of basic images (R1, R2, . . . , Rn; R2, R3, . . . , Rn+1) are formed from the basic camera images (R1, . . . , Rm), c2) a phase related image (Pj) of the object to be imaged (20) is computed from each group of basic images (R1, R2, . . . , Rn; R2, R3, . . . , Rn+1), c3) the computed phase related images (P1, P2) are averaged such that a phase related image (P) having a reduced amount of noise is formed, and that c4) an image of the object is computed from the phase related image (P) having a reduced amount of noise.
摘要翻译：在用于牙科目的成像物体的方法中，包括：a）将条纹图案投射到待成像的物体上，b）用相机将投影条纹图案作为基本图像（Ri）记录，步骤a）和 b）在条纹图案的相位关系的多个不同位置处执行，以及c）从多个相互短暂的基本相机图像中计算对象的图像。规定了抑制周期性干扰，因为在步骤c）中，c1）形成至少两组基本图像（R1，R2，...，Rn; R2，R3，...，Rn + 1）从基本相机图像（R1，...，Rm）中，c2）从每组基本图像（R1，R2，...，...）计算要成像对象（20）的相位相关图像（Pj） Rn，R2，R3，...，Rn + 1），c3）计算的相位相关图像（P1，P2）被平均化，使得形成具有降低的噪声量的相位相关图像（P），并且c4 ）从具有降低的噪声量的相位相关图像（P）计算对象的图像。

9. 发明申请

US20070296959A1 Measuring Device and Method That Operates According to the Basic Principles of Confocal Microscopy 有权
标题翻译：根据共焦显微镜的基本原理操作的测量装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20070296959A1
公开(公告)日：2007-12-27
申请号：US11792720
申请日：2005-12-01
申请人： Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： G01N21/00 , G01N21/47
CPC分类号： G02B21/0064 , G02B21/0028
摘要： A scanning system for confocal scanning of an object, comprising a light source (1), imaging optics (4) for focusing the light (5) radiated from the light source (1) onto the object (6) to be scanned, and further comprising an image detector (10) for detecting the light (7) from an object point (6′) backscattered from the object (6) and passing through the same imaging optics (4). Means (11) for varying the length of the optical path are disposed in the optical path between the aperture array (3) and the object (6), by which means the optical distance of the image plane can be modified in a specific manner, and means are provided to influence the light (5) radiated by the light source onto the object (6) and/or the light (7) reflected from the object (6) and impinging on the sensor (10), in at least one of its characteristics, during an exposure period (tB1) for acquiring an image, and, during said exposure period (tB1), a profile holds which states a specific relationship between the characteristic of the light (5, 7) and the optical distance of the image plane from the imaging optics (4), and means (10) are provided which provide a measured value dependent on the characteristics of the light of the trajectory of observation (7) over the exposure period (tB1), a height coordinate (Zs) of the object (6) being reconstructable from the measured value achieved during said exposure period (tB1) and a reference value.
摘要翻译：一种用于物体的共焦扫描的扫描系统，包括光源（1），用于将从光源（1）辐射的光（5）聚焦到待扫描的物体（6）上的成像光学器件（4）包括用于从从物体（6）反向散射并穿过相同成像光学器件（4）的物体点（6'）检测光（7）的图像检测器（10）。用于改变光路长度的装置（11）设置在孔径阵列（3）和物体（6）之间的光路中，由此可以以特定方式修改图像平面的光学距离，并且提供装置以将光源照射到物体（6）上的光（5）和/或从物体（6）反射并照射到传感器（10）上的光（7）至少一个的特征，在用于获取图像的曝光期间（t B1 B1）期间，并且在所述曝光期间（t B1 B1）期间，轮廓保持哪个状态具有特定关系在光（5,7）的特征与图像平面与成像光学器件（4）的光学距离之间提供的装置（10），其提供取决于轨迹的光的特性的测量值在暴露期间（t B1 B1）的观察（7），ob的高度坐标（Z ~~S ）（6）可以从在所述曝光期间（t B1 B1）期间实现的测量值和参考值重建。~~

10. 发明授权

US06614538B1 Method and apparatus for recording medical objects, in particular for recording models of prepared teeth 有权
标题翻译：用于记录医疗物品的方法和装置，特别是用于记录准备好的牙齿的模型
公开(公告)号：US06614538B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-02
申请号：US09690754
申请日：2000-10-18
申请人： Franz Basler , Thomas Hasenzahl , Joachim Pfeiffer , Axel Schwotzer
发明人： Franz Basler , Thomas Hasenzahl , Joachim Pfeiffer , Axel Schwotzer
IPC分类号： G01B1124
CPC分类号： A61C13/0004 , A61C9/0053
摘要： An apparatus for recording medical objects, in particular for recording models of prepared teeth, comprising a position-sensitive sensor (2), which is movable in the projection direction, with a projection unit and a receiving unit (13-15; 18-21), and with a certain triangulation angle (&agr;) located between the projection path of the rays (10) of the projection unit (13-15) and the observation path of the rays (11) of the receiving unit (18-21), and with the projection path of the rays (10) aligned parallel to the direction of movement of the sensor (2), is realized for the accurate recording action of edges and steep surfaces of the type that occur in tooth cavities with a triangulation angle (&agr;) that is smaller than 10°, preferably smaller than 5°.
摘要翻译：一种用于记录医疗物品的装置，特别是用于记录准备好的牙齿的模型，包括可在投影方向上移动的位置敏感传感器（2），其具有投影单元和接收单元（13-15; 18-21 ），并且具有位于投影单元（13-15）的射线（10）的投影路径与接收单元（18-21）的射线（11）的观察路径之间的一定的三角测角（α），并且随着平行于传感器（2）的移动方向排列的光线（10）的投影路径被实现为用于具有三角测角的在牙齿腔中出现的类型的边缘和陡峭表面的精确记录动作（α）小于10°，优选小于5°。

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