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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Production of metal and metalloid nitrides
    • 生产金属和准金属氮化物
    • US5466310A
    • 1995-11-14
    • US107812
    • 1993-08-18
    • Barry W. NinhamAndrzej CalkaJames S. Williams
    • Barry W. NinhamAndrzej CalkaJames S. Williams
    • B22F1/00B22F9/04C01B21/06C04B35/56C04B35/58C04B35/65C22C1/05
    • C04B35/58014C04B35/58007C04B35/58028C04B35/645C04B35/65C22C1/055
    • A nitride of a metal or solid metalloid is produced by ball milling a powder of a metal or metalloid in a nitrogen, or nitrogen-containing atmosphere (such as ammonia). The pressure in the ball mill is normally from 100 to 5,000 kPa, typically about 300 kPa. The ball mill temperature may be from room temperature to 500.degree. C., preferably from 200.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. The product powder is normally pressure moulded and annealed at 800.degree. C. for about 1 hour to produce a strong, hard body. Controlling the degree of nitration, or mixing the product nitride powder with a metal powder before pressure moulding, enables a composite comprising a metal matrix with a dispersed nitride phase to be produced. An alternative technique, involves ball milling the metal or metalloid powder with an organic nitrogen-containing chemical which dissociates in the ball mill. This yields a mixture of the nitride and carbide of a metal or solid metalloid.
    • PCT No.PCT / AU92 / 00073 Sec。 371日期:1993年8月18日 102(e)日期1993年8月18日PCT提交1992年2月19日PCT公布。 出版物WO92 / 14568 日期:1992年9月3日。金属或固体准金属的氮化物通过在氮气或含氮气氛(如氨)中球磨研磨金属或准金属的粉末来制备。 球磨机中的压力通常为100-5,000kPa,通常为约300kPa。 球磨机温度可以为室温至500℃,优选为200℃至400℃。产品粉末通常在800℃下进行加压成型并退火约1小时,以产生强烈的硬质 身体。 在压力成型之前控制硝化程度或者将氮化物粉末与金属粉末混合,可以制备包含具有分散的氮化物相的金属基质的复合材料。 一种替代技术涉及用在球磨机中解离的有机含氮化合物球磨金属或准金属粉末。 这产生了金属或固体准金属的氮化物和碳化物的混合物。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Metal carbides and derived composites made by milling to obtain a
particular nanostructural composite powder
    • 通过研磨制备的金属碳化物和衍生的复合材料以获得特定的纳米结构复合粉末
    • US5368812A
    • 1994-11-29
    • US952510
    • 1992-12-10
    • Andrzej CalkaBarry W. Ninham
    • Andrzej CalkaBarry W. Ninham
    • C04B35/56C04B35/65C22C1/05B22F3/16B22F1/00C01B31/30C04B35/64
    • C04B35/563C04B35/56C04B35/5607C04B35/5611C04B35/5626C04B35/573C04B35/65C22C1/055Y10S264/36
    • Metal carbides may be formed by mixing metal powder with a stoichiometric amount of graphite, compressing the same in a mould/die and then sintering. High temperatures (and maybe a bonding agent) are required to effect the final step and finished product. These disadvantages are overcome by exploiting dry high energy milling to bring the starting materials into a very finely divided and reactive state, with regions of metal, carbon and metal based solid solution ranging from 3 to 100 nanometers in diameter. As an alternative source of carbon, cationic organic surfactants may be used instead of graphite in the appropriate proportion. Compacting the milled mixture, followed by sintering at lower temperatures by a margin of at least 400.degree. C., will produce very strong dense carbides at low cost. The method may be extended to include metal based composites, which also includes cermets, by incorporating an appropriate excess of metal powder(s) in the starting materials. The carbides and their metal based composites have applications in the field of abrasives, cutting tips for lathe tools, masonry drills and master alloys for steels.
    • PCT No.PCT / AU91 / 00248 Sec。 371日期:1992年12月10日 102(e)日期1992年12月10日PCT提交1991年6月12日PCT公布。 出版物WO91 / 19584 日期1991年12月26日。金属碳化物可以通过将金属粉末与化学计量的石墨混合而形成,在模具/模具中将其压缩,然后烧结。 需要高温(和可能的粘合剂)来实现最终步骤和成品。 这些缺点通过利用干燥的高能量研磨来使起始材料成为非常细分和反应性的状态来克服,金属,碳和金属基固体区域的直径范围为3至100纳米。 作为碳的替代来源,可以使用阳离子有机表面活性剂代替适当比例的石墨。 将研磨的混合物压实,然后在较低温度下烧结至少400℃的边缘,将以低成本产生非常强烈的致密碳化物。 该方法可以扩展为包括金属基复合材料,其还包括金属陶瓷,通过在原料中掺入适当的过量的金属粉末。 碳化物及其金属基复合材料在磨料领域中的应用,车床刀具切削尖端,砌体钻头和钢的主合金。