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1. 发明授权

US08637193B2 Fuel cell nanocatalyst with voltage reversal tolerance 有权
标题翻译：具有电压反转容限的燃料电池纳米催化剂
公开(公告)号：US08637193B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-28
申请号：US12546775
申请日：2009-08-25
申请人： Andrew J. L. Steinbach , George D. Vernstrom , Mark K. Debe , Radoslav Atanasoski
发明人： Andrew J. L. Steinbach , George D. Vernstrom , Mark K. Debe , Radoslav Atanasoski
IPC分类号： H01M8/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/62 , H01M4/92 , B01J23/00 , B01J21/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8657 , H01M4/92 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst having a catalyst surface bearing a non-occluding layer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a sub-monolayer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a layer of iridium having a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms. In some embodiments, the fuel cell catalyst comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles. The layer of iridium typically has a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms and more typically between 5 and 60 Angstroms. The fuel cell catalyst typically comprises no electrically conductive carbon material and typically comprises at least a portion of the iridium in the zero oxidation state.
摘要翻译：在一些实施方案中，本公开提供了具有带有非阻挡层铱的催化剂表面的燃料电池催化剂。在一些实施方案中，本公开提供了一种燃料电池催化剂，其包含具有铱的亚单层的催化剂表面。在一些实施方案中，本公开内容提供了一种燃料电池催化剂，其包含具有平面当量厚度为1至100埃的铱层的催化剂表面。在一些实施方案中，燃料电池催化剂包含纳米结构元素，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒薄膜的微结构化支撑晶须。铱层通常具有1至100埃的平面当量厚度，更典型地在5至60埃之间。燃料电池催化剂通常不包括导电碳材料，并且通常包含处于零氧化状态的铱的至少一部分。

2. 发明申请

US20100047668A1 FUEL CELL NANOCATALYST WITH VOLTAGE REVERSAL TOLERANCE 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池与电压反向容差
公开(公告)号：US20100047668A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-25
申请号：US12546775
申请日：2009-08-25
申请人： Andrew J. L. STEINBACH , George D. Vernstrom , Mark K. Debe , Radoslav Atanasoski
发明人： Andrew J. L. STEINBACH , George D. Vernstrom , Mark K. Debe , Radoslav Atanasoski
IPC分类号： H01M4/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8657 , H01M4/92 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst having a catalyst surface bearing a non-occluding layer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a sub-monolayer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a layer of iridium having a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms. In some embodiments, the fuel cell catalyst comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles. The layer of iridium typically has a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms and more typically between 5 and 60 Angstroms. The fuel cell catalyst typically comprises no electrically conductive carbon material and typically comprises at least a portion of the iridium in the zero oxidation state.
摘要翻译：在一些实施方案中，本公开提供了具有带有非阻挡层铱的催化剂表面的燃料电池催化剂。在一些实施方案中，本公开提供了一种燃料电池催化剂，其包含具有铱的亚单层的催化剂表面。在一些实施方案中，本公开内容提供了一种燃料电池催化剂，其包含具有平面当量厚度为1至100埃的铱层的催化剂表面。在一些实施方案中，燃料电池催化剂包含纳米结构元素，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒薄膜的微结构化支撑晶须。铱层通常具有1至100埃的平面当量厚度，更典型地在5至60埃之间。燃料电池催化剂通常不包括导电碳材料，并且通常包含处于零氧化状态的铱的至少一部分。

3. 发明授权

US07419741B2 Fuel cell cathode catalyst 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池阴极催化剂
公开(公告)号：US07419741B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-02
申请号：US10674594
申请日：2003-09-29
申请人： George D. Vernstrom , Radoslav Atanasoski , Mark K. Debe , Gregory M. Haugen , Krzysztof A. Lewinski , Andrew J. L. Steinbach
发明人： George D. Vernstrom , Radoslav Atanasoski , Mark K. Debe , Gregory M. Haugen , Krzysztof A. Lewinski , Andrew J. L. Steinbach
IPC分类号： H01M4/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8605 , B01J35/026 , H01M4/8803 , H01M4/8871 , H01M4/921
摘要： A fuel cell cathode catalyst is provided which comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles. The nanoscopic catalyst particles are made by the alternating application of first and second layers, the first layer comprising platinum and the second layer being an alloy or intimate mixture of iron and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIb metals, Group VIIb metals and Group VIIIb metals other than platinum and iron, where the atomic ratio of iron to the second metal in the second layer is between 0 and 10, where the planar equivalent thickness ratio of the first layer to the second layer is between 0.3 and 5, and wherein the average bilayer planar equivalent thickness of the first and second layers is less than 100 Å.
摘要翻译：提供了一种燃料电池阴极催化剂，其包括纳米结构元件，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构化支撑晶须。纳米级催化剂颗粒通过交替施加第一和第二层制成，第一层包含铂，第二层是铁和选自第VIb族金属，第VIIb族金属的第二金属的合金或紧密混合物和除了铂和铁之外的第VIIIb族金属，其中第二层中铁与第二金属的原子比在0和10之间，其中第一层与第二层的平面当量厚度比在0.3和5之间，并且其中所述第一和第二层的平均双层平面等效厚度小于100。

4. 发明授权

US07622217B2 Fuel cell nanocatalyst 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池纳米催化剂
公开(公告)号：US07622217B2
公开(公告)日：2009-11-24
申请号：US11248561
申请日：2005-10-12
申请人： Mark K. Debe , Susan M. Hendricks , George D. Vernstrom , Alison K. Schmoeckel , Radoslav Atanasoski , Clayton V. Hamilton, Jr.
发明人： Mark K. Debe , Susan M. Hendricks , George D. Vernstrom , Alison K. Schmoeckel , Radoslav Atanasoski , Clayton V. Hamilton, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01M4/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/92 , C08J5/2237 , C08J2327/18 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1018 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A fuel cell cathode catalyst is provided comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles; wherein the catalyst comprises platinum and manganese and at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIb metals, Group VIIb metals and Group VIIIb metals other than platinum and manganese; wherein the volume ratio of platinum to the sum of all other metals in the catalyst is between about 1 and about 4 and wherein the Mn content is equal to or greater than about 5 micrograms/cm2 areal density. Typically, the volume ratio of manganese to the at least one other metal is between 10:90 and 90:10. Typically, the at least one other metal is Ni or Co. In addition, a fuel cell MBA comprising the present cathode catalyst is provided. In addition, methods of making the present cathode catalyst are provided.
摘要翻译：提供了包括纳米结构元件的燃料电池阴极催化剂，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构化支撑晶须; 其中所述催化剂包含铂和锰以及选自除了铂和锰之外的第Ⅵb族金属，Ⅶb族金属和Ⅷb族金属的至少一种其它金属; 其中铂与催化剂中所有其它金属的总和的体积比为约1至约4，并且其中Mn含量等于或大于约5微克/ cm 2的面密度。通常，锰与至少一种其它金属的体积比在10:90至90:10之间。通常，至少一种其它金属是Ni或Co。此外，提供了包含本阴极催化剂的燃料电池MEA。此外，提供了制备本发明的阴极催化剂的方法。

5. 发明申请

US20130040227A1 PLATINUM NICKEL CATALYST ALLOY 有权
标题翻译：铂金镍催化剂合金
公开(公告)号：US20130040227A1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-14
申请号：US13643353
申请日：2011-04-26
申请人： Mark K. Debe , George D. Vernstrom , Andrew J. L. Steinbach
发明人： Mark K. Debe , George D. Vernstrom , Andrew J. L. Steinbach
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , B01J23/89 , B82Y30/00
CPC分类号： C22C30/00 , C22C5/04 , C22C19/03
摘要： A Pt—Ni catalyst is provided which demonstrates an unusually high oxygen reduction mass activity. In some embodiments, the Pt—Ni catalyst is a Pt—Ni binary alloy. In some embodiments, the catalyst may be characterized as having a Pt fcc lattice parameter of less than 3.71 Angstroms or 0.371 nm. In some embodiments the catalyst has a Pt fcc lattice parameter of between 3.69 Angstroms (or 0.369 nm) and 3.73 Angstroms (or 0.373 nm). In some embodiments, the catalyst may be characterized as having a composition of close to PtxNi(1-x), where x is between 0.2 and 0.4. In some embodiments the catalyst comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles comprising a catalyst material described above. The catalyst may be particularly useful as a fuel cell catalyst and more specifically as a fuel cell cathode catalyst.
摘要翻译：提供了Pt-Ni催化剂，其表现出异常高的氧还原质量活性。在一些实施方案中，Pt-Ni催化剂是Pt-Ni二元合金。在一些实施方案中，催化剂的特征在于具有小于3.71埃或0.371nm的Pt fcc晶格参数。在一些实施方案中，催化剂具有3.69埃（或0.369nm）和3.73埃（或0.373nm）之间的Pt fcc晶格参数。在一些实施方案中，催化剂的特征在于具有接近PtxNi（1-x）的组成，其中x在0.2和0.4之间。在一些实施方案中，催化剂包含纳米结构元素，其包含微结构化支撑晶须，其载有包含上述催化剂材料的纳米级催化剂颗粒的薄膜。催化剂可以特别用作燃料电池催化剂，更具体地可用作燃料电池阴极催化剂。

6. 发明授权

US08557484B2 Platinum nickel catalyst alloy 有权
标题翻译：铂镍催化剂合金
公开(公告)号：US08557484B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-15
申请号：US13643353
申请日：2011-04-26
申请人： Mark K. Debe , George D. Vernstrom , Andrew J. L. Steinbach
发明人： Mark K. Debe , George D. Vernstrom , Andrew J. L. Steinbach
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/92
CPC分类号： C22C30/00 , C22C5/04 , C22C19/03
摘要： A Pt—Ni catalyst is provided which demonstrates an unusually high oxygen reduction mass activity. In some embodiments, the Pt—Ni catalyst is a Pt—Ni binary alloy. In some embodiments, the catalyst may be characterized as having a Pt fcc lattice parameter of less than 3.71 Angstroms or 0.371 nm. In some embodiments the catalyst has a Pt fcc lattice parameter of between 3.69 Angstroms (or 0.369 nm) and 3.73 Angstroms (or 0.373 nm). In some embodiments, the catalyst may be characterized as having a composition of close to PtxNi(1-x), where x is between 0.2 and 0.4. In some embodiments the catalyst comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles comprising a catalyst material described above. The catalyst may be particularly useful as a fuel cell catalyst and more specifically as a fuel cell cathode catalyst.
摘要翻译：提供了Pt-Ni催化剂，其表现出异常高的氧还原质量活性。在一些实施方案中，Pt-Ni催化剂是Pt-Ni二元合金。在一些实施方案中，催化剂的特征在于具有小于3.71埃或0.371nm的Pt fcc晶格参数。在一些实施方案中，催化剂具有3.69埃（或0.369nm）和3.73埃（或0.373nm）之间的Pt fcc晶格参数。在一些实施方案中，催化剂的特征在于具有接近PtxNi（1-x）的组成，其中x在0.2和0.4之间。在一些实施方案中，催化剂包含纳米结构元素，其包含微结构化支撑晶须，其载有包含上述催化剂材料的纳米级催化剂颗粒的薄膜。催化剂可以特别用作燃料电池催化剂，更具体地可用作燃料电池阴极催化剂。

7. 发明授权

US07906251B2 Oxygen-reducing catalyst layer 有权
标题翻译：氧还原催化剂层
公开(公告)号：US07906251B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-15
申请号：US11379523
申请日：2006-04-20
申请人： Dennis P. O'Brien , Alison K. Schmoeckel , George D. Vernstrom , Radoslav Atanasoski , Thomas E. Wood , Ruizhi Yang , E. Bradley Easton , Jeffrey R. Dahn , David G. O'Neill
发明人： Dennis P. O'Brien , Alison K. Schmoeckel , George D. Vernstrom , Radoslav Atanasoski , Thomas E. Wood , Ruizhi Yang , E. Bradley Easton , Jeffrey R. Dahn , David G. O'Neill
IPC分类号： H01M4/02
CPC分类号： H01M4/96 , H01M4/8867 , H01M4/8882 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M8/1004 , Y02P70/56
摘要： An oxygen-reducing catalyst layer, and a method of making the oxygen-reducing catalyst layer, where the oxygen-reducing catalyst layer includes a catalytic material film disposed on a substrate with the use of physical vapor deposition and thermal treatment. The catalytic material film includes a transition metal that is substantially free of platinum. At least one of the physical vapor deposition and the thermal treatment is performed in a processing environment comprising a nitrogen-containing gas.
摘要翻译：一种氧还原催化剂层及其制造方法，其中氧还原催化剂层包括使用物理气相沉积和热处理设置在基板上的催化材料膜。催化材料膜包括基本上不含铂的过渡金属。在包含含氮气体的处理环境中进行物理气相沉积和热处理中的至少一种。

8. 发明授权

US07867648B2 Fuel cell catalyst 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池催化剂
公开(公告)号：US07867648B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-11
申请号：US11276166
申请日：2006-02-16
申请人： Radoslav Atanasoski , Alison K. Schmoeckel , David G. O'Neill , George D. Vernstrom , Dennis P. O'Brien
发明人： Radoslav Atanasoski , Alison K. Schmoeckel , David G. O'Neill , George D. Vernstrom , Dennis P. O'Brien
IPC分类号： H01M4/60
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8871 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9041 , H01M4/9083 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A method is provided for making a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the method comprises step a) of vacuum deposition of material from at least a first carbon target in the presence of nitrogen and step b) of vacuum deposition of material from a second target comprising at least one transition metal, the second target comprising no precious metals. In one embodiment, step a) is carried out prior to step b). In another embodiment, steps a) and b) are carried out simultaneously. Typically the deposition steps are carried out in the absence of oxygen. Typically, the transition metal is iron or cobalt, and most typically iron. The present disclosure also provides a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the present method. The present disclosure also provides a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the present supported catalyst.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于制备包含纳米结构元素的负载型催化剂的方法，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构化支撑晶须，其中所述方法包括步骤a）在氮气存在下从至少第一碳靶材料真空沉积材料，并且步骤b）从包含至少一种过渡金属的第二靶上真空沉积材料，所述第二靶不包含贵金属。在一个实施方案中，步骤a）在步骤b）之前进行。在另一个实施方案中，步骤a）和b）同时进行。通常，沉积步骤在不存在氧的情况下进行。通常，过渡金属是铁或钴，最典型的是铁。本公开还提供了包含纳米结构元素的负载型催化剂，其包含具有根据本方法制备的纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构支撑晶须。本公开还提供了一种包括本发明负载型催化剂的燃料电池膜电极组件。

9. 发明授权

US07740902B2 Method for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers 有权
标题翻译：制造氧还原催化剂层的方法
公开(公告)号：US07740902B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-22
申请号：US11379518
申请日：2006-04-20
申请人： Dennis P. O'Brien , Alison K. Schmoeckel , George D. Vernstrom , Radoslav Atanasoski , Thomas E. Wood , David G. O'Neill
发明人： Dennis P. O'Brien , Alison K. Schmoeckel , George D. Vernstrom , Radoslav Atanasoski , Thomas E. Wood , David G. O'Neill
IPC分类号： C23C16/00 , C23C14/34
CPC分类号： C23C14/0664 , C23C14/325 , C23C14/562 , C23C14/586
摘要： Methods are provided for making oxygen-reducing catalyst layers, which include simultaneous or sequential stops of physical vapor depositing an oxygen-reducing catalytic material onto a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a transition metal that is substantially free of platinum; and thermally treating the catalytic material. At least one of the physical vapor deposition and the thermal treatment is performed in a processing environment comprising a nitrogen-containing gas.
摘要翻译：提供了用于制造氧还原催化剂层的方法，其包括将氧还原催化材料沉积到基材上的同时或顺序停止物理气相沉积，所述催化材料包含基本上不含铂的过渡金属; 并对催化材料进行热处理。在包含含氮气体的处理环境中进行物理气相沉积和热处理中的至少一种。

10. 发明申请

US20090226796A1 FUEL CELL CATALYST 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池催化剂
公开(公告)号：US20090226796A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-10
申请号：US11276166
申请日：2006-02-16
申请人： Radoslav Atanasoski , Alison K. Schmoeckel , David G. O'Neill , George D. Vernstrom , Dennis P. O'Brien
发明人： Radoslav Atanasoski , Alison K. Schmoeckel , David G. O'Neill , George D. Vernstrom , Dennis P. O'Brien
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/88 , B01J21/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8871 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9041 , H01M4/9083 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A method is provided for making a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the method comprises step a) of vacuum deposition of material from at least a first carbon target in the presence of nitrogen and step b) of vacuum deposition of material from a second target comprising at least one transition metal, the second target comprising no precious metals. In one embodiment, step a) is carried out prior to step b). In another embodiment, steps a) and b) are carried out simultaneously. Typically the deposition steps are carried out in the absence of oxygen. Typically, the transition metal is iron or cobalt, and most typically iron. The present disclosure also provides a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the present method. The present disclosure also provides a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the present supported catalyst.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于制备包含纳米结构元素的负载型催化剂的方法，其包含具有纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构化支撑晶须，其中所述方法包括步骤a）在氮气存在下从至少第一碳靶材料真空沉积材料，并且步骤b）从包含至少一种过渡金属的第二靶上真空沉积材料，所述第二靶不包含贵金属。在一个实施方案中，步骤a）在步骤b）之前进行。在另一个实施方案中，步骤a）和b）同时进行。通常，沉积步骤在不存在氧的情况下进行。通常，过渡金属是铁或钴，最典型的是铁。本公开还提供了包含纳米结构元素的负载型催化剂，其包含具有根据本方法制备的纳米级催化剂颗粒的微结构支撑晶须。本公开还提供了一种包括本发明负载型催化剂的燃料电池膜电极组件。

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