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1. 发明授权

US06181463B2 Quasi-phase-matched parametric chirped pulse amplification systems 失效
公开(公告)号：US06181463B2
公开(公告)日：2001-01-30
申请号：US08822967
申请日：1997-03-21
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Anand Hariharan , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Anand Hariharan , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： G02F139
CPC分类号： G02F1/39 , A61B18/22 , A61C1/0046 , B23K26/0624 , G02F2001/3548 , G02F2001/392 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/0604 , H01S3/115
摘要： Use of quasi-phase-matched (QPM) materials for parametric chirped pulse amplification (PCPA) substantially reduces the required pump peak power and pump brightness, allowing exploitation of spatially-multimode and long duration pump pulses. It also removes restrictions on pump wavelength and amplification bandwidth. This allows substantial simplification in pump laser design for a high-energy PCPA system and, consequently, the construction of compact diode-pumped sources of high-energy ultrashort optical pulses. Also, this allows elimination of gain-narrowing and phase-distortion limitations on minimum pulse duration, which typically arise in a chirped pulse amplification system. One example of a compact source of high-energy ultrashort pulses is a multimode-core fiber based PCPA system. Limitations on pulse energy due to the limited core size for single-mode fibers are circumvented by using large multimode core. Limitations on pulse duration and beam quality due to multimode core are circumvented by using a PCPA scheme. Additionally, the large core of the multimode fiber facilitates cladding-pumping by inexpensive and high-power multiple-mode laser diodes.

2. 发明授权

US5847863A Hybrid short-pulse amplifiers with phase-mismatch compensated pulse stretchers and compressors 失效
标题翻译：具有相位失配补偿脉冲担架和压缩机的混合短脉冲放大器
公开(公告)号：US5847863A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US637956
申请日：1996-04-25
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Anand Hariharan , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Anand Hariharan , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02F1/35 , G02F1/37 , H01S3/00 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/07 , H01S3/098 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/107 , H01S3/108 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/23
CPC分类号： H01S3/2316 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/235
摘要： Disclosed is a system for amplification of ultrashort optical pulses. The disclosed system has reduced size and increased robustness, reliability and cost-effectiveness. The disclosed invention is particularly effective in chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems wherein pulses are stretched, amplified, and re-compressed. According to one aspect of the invention a compact stretcher is used with a bulk compressor, and compatibility between them is achieved by inserting a telescope in the path of the collimated beam. Alternatively, compatibility between the stretcher and the compressor is achieved by creating nonlinearly chirped bragg grating in the fiber stretcher. According to another aspect of the invention, a fiber and a bulk amplifiers are used to amplify the pulse, and compatibility between them is achieved by inserting a doubling crystal in the path of the pulse between the two amplifiers. Another aspect of the disclosed amplification system is the pumping of a laser amplifier with a laser pump of the same material as the laser amplifier, but operating under different conditions.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于超短光脉冲放大的系统。所公开的系统具有减小的尺寸和增加的鲁棒性，可靠性和成本效益。所公开的发明在其中脉冲被拉伸，放大和重新压缩的啁啾脉冲放大（CPA）系统中特别有效。根据本发明的一个方面，使用紧凑的担架与散装压缩机，并且通过在望远镜的路径中插入望远镜来实现它们之间的兼容性。或者，担架和压缩机之间的兼容性是通过在纤维担架中产生非线性啁啾的布拉格光栅来实现的。根据本发明的另一方面，使用光纤和体放大器来放大脉冲，并且通过在两个放大器之间的脉冲路径中插入双晶来实现它们之间的兼容性。所公开的放大系统的另一方面是用与激光放大器相同材料的激光泵泵浦激光放大器，但在不同条件下工作。

3. 发明授权

US08072678B2 Modular, high energy, widely-tunable ultrafast fiber source 有权
标题翻译：模块化，高能量，广泛可调的超快速光纤源
公开(公告)号：US08072678B2
公开(公告)日：2011-12-06
申请号：US12608636
申请日：2009-10-29
申请人： Martin E. Fermann , Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Martin E. Fermann , Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： H01S3/11
CPC分类号： H01S3/1115 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/109 , H01S3/1112 , H01S3/1616 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/302
摘要： A modular, compact and widely tunable laser system for the efficient generation of high peak and high average power ultrashort pulses. System compactness is ensured by employing efficient fiber amplifiers, directly or indirectly pumped by diode lasers. Dispersive broadening is introduced by dispersive pulse stretching in the presence of self-phase modulation and gain, resulting in the formation of high-power parabolic pulses. In addition, dispersive broadening is also introduced by simple fiber delay lines or chirped fiber gratings. The phase of the pulses in the dispersive delay line is controlled to quartic order by the use of fibers with varying amounts of waveguide dispersion or by controlling the chirp of the fiber gratings. After amplification, the dispersively stretched pulses can be re-compressed to nearly their bandwidth limit by the implementation of another set of dispersive delay lines. A particularly compact implementation of the whole system uses fiber oscillators in conjunction with fiber amplifiers.
摘要翻译：一种模块化，紧凑且广泛可调的激光系统，用于高效生成高峰值和高平均功率超短脉冲。通过使用由二极管激光器直接或间接泵浦的高效光纤放大器来确保系统紧凑性。在存在自相位调制和增益的情况下通过分散脉冲拉伸引入分散加宽，从而形成大功率抛物线脉冲。另外，简单的光纤延迟线或啁啾光纤光栅也引入了色散。通过使用具有不同数量的波导色散的光纤或通过控制光纤光栅的啁啾将色散延迟线中的脉冲相位控制为四次。放大后，通过实施另一组分散延迟线，可以将分散拉伸的脉冲重新压缩到接近其带宽极限。整个系统的特别紧凑的实现使用光纤振荡器与光纤放大器。

4. 发明授权

US08031396B2 Modular, high energy, widely-tunable ultrafast fiber source 有权
公开(公告)号：US08031396B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-04
申请号：US12608602
申请日：2009-10-29
申请人： Martin E. Fermann , Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Martin E. Fermann , Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： H01S3/11 , H01S3/067
CPC分类号： H01S3/1115 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/109 , H01S3/1112 , H01S3/1616 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/302
摘要： A modular, compact and widely tunable laser system for the efficient generation of high peak and high average power ultrashort pulses. System compactness is ensured by employing efficient fiber amplifiers, directly or indirectly pumped by diode lasers. Dispersive broadening is introduced by dispersive pulse stretching in the presence of self-phase modulation and gain, resulting in the formation of high-power parabolic pulses. In addition, dispersive broadening is also introduced by simple fiber delay lines or chirped fiber gratings. The phase of the pulses in the dispersive delay line is controlled to quartic order by the use of fibers with varying amounts of waveguide dispersion or by controlling the chirp of the fiber gratings. After amplification, the dispersively stretched pulses can be re-compressed to nearly their bandwidth limit by the implementation of another set of dispersive delay lines. A particularly compact implementation of the whole system uses fiber oscillators in conjunction with fiber amplifiers.

5. 发明授权

US07688499B2 Modular, high energy, widely-tunable ultrafast fiber source 有权
标题翻译：模块化，高能量，广泛可调的超快速光纤源
公开(公告)号：US07688499B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-30
申请号：US11643765
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： Martin E. Fermann , Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Martin E. Fermann , Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H04B10/17
CPC分类号： H01S3/1115 , H01S3/0057 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094019 , H01S3/094042 , H01S3/109 , H01S3/1112 , H01S3/1616 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/302
摘要： A modular, compact and widely tunable laser system for the efficient generation of high peak and high average power ultrashort pulses. Modularity is ensured by the implementation of interchangeable amplifier components. System compactness is ensured by employing efficient fiber amplifiers, directly or indirectly pumped by diode lasers. Dispersive broadening is introduced by dispersive pulse stretching in the presence of self-phase modulation and gain, resulting in the formation of high-power parabolic pulses. In addition, dispersive broadening is also introduced by simple fiber delay lines or chirped fiber gratings, resulting in a further increase of the energy handling ability of the fiber amplifiers. After amplification, the dispersively stretched pulses can be re-compressed to nearly their bandwidth limit by the implementation of another set of dispersive delay lines. To ensure a wide tunability of the whole system, Raman-shifting of the compact sources of ultrashort pulses in conjunction with frequency-conversion in nonlinear optical crystals can be implemented, or an Anti-Stokes fiber in conjunction with fiber amplifiers and Raman-shifters are used.
摘要翻译：一种模块化，紧凑且广泛可调的激光系统，用于高效生成高峰值和高平均功率超短脉冲。通过实现可互换的放大器组件来确保模块化。通过使用由二极管激光器直接或间接泵浦的高效光纤放大器来确保系统紧凑性。在存在自相位调制和增益的情况下通过分散脉冲拉伸引入分散加宽，从而形成大功率抛物线脉冲。另外，简单的光纤延迟线或啁啾光纤光栅也引入了色散，从而进一步提高了光纤放大器的能量处理能力。放大后，通过实施另一组分散延迟线，可以将分散拉伸的脉冲重新压缩到接近其带宽极限。为了确保整个系统的广泛可调性，可以实现超短脉冲的紧凑型源与非线性光学晶体中的频率转换的拉曼移位，或者与光纤放大器和拉曼移位器结合的反斯托克斯光纤是用过的。

6. 发明授权

US06198568B1 Use of Chirped Quasi-phase-matched materials in chirped pulse amplification systems 失效
标题翻译：在啁啾脉冲放大系统中使用啁啾准相位匹配材料
公开(公告)号：US06198568B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-06
申请号：US08845409
申请日：1997-04-25
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： G02F135
CPC分类号： H01S3/0057 , G02F1/3775 , H01S3/06725 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/2308
摘要： The limitations on maximum pulse energies from a fiber-grating pulse compressor are circumvented by placing a chirped-period quasi-phase-matched (QPM) crystal after the fiber-grating pulse compressor. The crystal accomplishes second-harmonic generation and stretched-pulse compression at the second-harmonic in a single device. This hybrid compressor configuration enables a substantial increase in ultrashort pulse energies obtainable with a compact all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system. Furthermore, with such a QPM crystal the adjustable compensation of both linear and nonlinear frequency chirp in second-harmonic pulses is possible. This property makes a variety of compact, robust and simple ultrashort-pulse fiber amplifier designs possible. It also allows for certain tolerances in the design and manufacturing of a pulse amplification system. Capability to compensate an arbitrary frequency chirp allows nonlinear spectral-broadening techniques for achieving shorter second-harmonic pulse durations. Also, by employing chirped QPM crystals maximum energy throughput and good second-harmonic pulse quality can be achieved.
摘要翻译：通过在光纤光栅脉冲压缩器之后放置啁啾期准相位匹配（QPM）晶体来避免来自光纤光栅脉冲压缩器的最大脉冲能量的限制。晶体在单个器件中实现二次谐波的二次谐波生成和拉伸脉冲压缩。该混合压缩机配置使得能够显着增加通过紧凑的全光纤啁啾脉冲放大系统可获得的超短脉冲能量。此外，利用这样的QPM晶体，二次谐波脉冲中线性和非线性频率啁啾的可调补偿是可能的。该属性使得各种紧凑，坚固且简单的超短脉冲光纤放大器设计成为可能。它还允许在脉冲放大系统的设计和制造中具有一定的公差。能够补偿任意频率的线性调频脉冲允许非线性频谱扩展技术实现更短的二次谐波脉冲持续时间。此外，通过采用啁啾QPM晶体，可以实现最大的能量吞吐量和良好的二次谐波脉冲质量。

7. 发明授权

US06549547B2 Ultrashort-pulse source with controllable multiple-wavelength output 失效
标题翻译：具有可控多波长输出的超短脉冲源
公开(公告)号：US06549547B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09956920
申请日：2001-09-21
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Ka K. Wong , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Ka K. Wong , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： G02B635
CPC分类号： G02F1/3137 , G01B9/02007 , G01B9/02014 , G01B9/02091 , G02F1/3132 , G02F1/335 , G02F1/395 , G02F2201/124 , H01S3/0057
摘要： A multiple-wavelength ultrashort-pulse laser system includes a laser generator producing ultrashort pulses at a fixed wavelength, and at least one and preferably a plurality of wavelength-conversion channels. Preferably, a fiber laser system is used for generating single-wavelength, ultrashort pulses. An optical split switch matrix directs the pulses from the laser generator into at least one of the wavelength conversion channels. An optical combining switch matrix is disposed downstream of the wavelength-conversion channels and combines outputs from separate wavelength-conversion channels into a single output channel. Preferably, waveguides formed in a ferroelectric substrate by titanium indiffusion (TI) and/or proton exchange (PE) form the wavelength-conversion channels and the splitting and combining matrices. Use of the waveguide allows efficient optical parametric generation to occur in the wavelength-conversion channels at pulse energies achievable with a mode-locked laser source. The multiple-wavelength laser system can replace a plurality of different, single-wavelength laser systems. One particular application for the system is a multi-photon microscope, where the ability to select the ultrashort-signal wavelength of the laser source accommodates any single fluorescent dye or several fluorescent dyes simultaneously. In its simplest form, the system can be used to convert the laser wavelength to a more favorable wavelength. For example, pulses generated at 1.55 &mgr;m by a mode-locked erbium fiber laser can be converted to 1.3 &mgr;m for use in optical coherence tomography or to 1.04-1.12 &mgr;m for amplification by a Yterbium amplifier, allowing amplification of pulses which can be used in a display, printing or machining system.
摘要翻译：多波长超短脉冲激光系统包括产生固定波长的超短脉冲的激光发生器和至少一个，优选多个波长转换通道。优选地，光纤激光系统用于产生单波长超短脉冲。光分路开关矩阵将来自激光发生器的脉冲引导到至少一个波长转换通道。光学组合开关矩阵设置在波长转换通道的下游，并将来自分离的波长转换通道的输出组合成单个输出通道。优选地，通过钛扩散（TI）和/或质子交换（PE）在铁电衬底中形成的波导形成波长转换通道和分离和组合矩阵。波导的使用允许在波长转换通道中以在锁模激光源可实现的脉冲能量下发生有效的光参量产生。多波长激光系统可以代替多个不同的单波长激光系统。该系统的一个特殊应用是多光子显微镜，其中选择激光源的超短信号波长的能力同时容纳任何单一荧光染料或几种荧光染料。在其最简单的形式中，该系统可用于将激光波长转换成更有利的波长。例如，通过模式锁定铒光纤激光器在1.55mum处产生的脉冲可以转换为1.3μm，用于光学相干断层摄影，或者通过镱放大器转换为1.04-1.12μm，用于放大可用于显示，打印或加工系统。

8. 发明授权

US6154310A Ultrashort-pulse source with controllable multiple-wavelength output 失效
标题翻译：具有可控多波长输出的超短脉冲源
公开(公告)号：US6154310A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-28
申请号：US975679
申请日：1997-11-21
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Ka K. Wong , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Ka K. Wong , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： H01S3/098 , G01B9/02 , G02F1/313 , G02F1/335 , G02F1/39 , H01S3/06 , H04B10/02 , H04B10/28 , G02F1/37
CPC分类号： G02F1/3137 , G01B9/02007 , G01B9/02014 , G01B9/02091 , G02F1/3132 , G02F1/395 , G02F1/335 , G02F2201/124 , H01S3/0057
摘要： A multiple-wavelength ultrashort-pulse laser system includes a laser generator producing ultrashort pulses at a fixed wavelength, and at least one and preferably a plurality of wavelength-conversion channels. Preferably, a fiber laser system is used for generating single-wavelength, ultrashort pulses. An optical split switch matrix directs the pulses from the laser generator into at least one of the wavelength conversion channels. An optical combining switch matrix is disposed downstream of the wavelength-conversion channels and combines outputs from separate wavelength-conversion channels into a single output channel. Preferably, waveguides formed in a ferroelectric substrate by titanium indiffusion (TI) and/or proton exchange (PE) form the wavelength-conversion channels and the splitting and combining matrices. Use of the waveguide allows efficient optical parametric generation to occur in the wavelength-conversion channels at pulse energies achievable with a mode-locked laser source. The multiple-wavelength laser system can replace a plurality of different, single-wavelength laser systems. One particular application for the system is a multi-photon microscope, where the ability to select the ultrashort-signal wavelength of the laser source accommodates any single fluorescent dye or several fluorescent dyes simultaneously. In its simplest form, the system can be used to convert the laser wavelength to a more favorable wavelength. For example, pulses generated at 1.55 .mu.m by a mode-locked erbium fiber laser can be converted to 1.3 .mu.m for use in optical coherence tomography or to 1.04-1.12 .mu.m for amplification by a Yterbium amplifier, allowing amplification of pulses which can be used in a display, printing or machining system.
摘要翻译：多波长超短脉冲激光系统包括产生固定波长的超短脉冲的激光发生器和至少一个，优选多个波长转换通道。优选地，光纤激光系统用于产生单波长超短脉冲。光分路开关矩阵将来自激光发生器的脉冲引导到至少一个波长转换通道。光学组合开关矩阵设置在波长转换通道的下游，并将来自分离的波长转换通道的输出组合成单个输出通道。优选地，通过钛扩散（TI）和/或质子交换（PE）在铁电衬底中形成的波导形成波长转换通道和分离和组合矩阵。波导的使用允许在波长转换通道中以在锁模激光源可实现的脉冲能量下发生有效的光参量产生。多波长激光系统可以代替多个不同的单波长激光系统。该系统的一个特殊应用是多光子显微镜，其中选择激光源的超短信号波长的能力同时容纳任何单一荧光染料或几种荧光染料。在其最简单的形式中，该系统可用于将激光波长转换成更有利的波长。例如，通过模式锁定铒光纤激光器在1.55μm产生的脉冲可以转换为1.3μm用于光学相干断层扫描，或者通过镱放大器放大到1.04-1.12μm，以允许放大脉冲，用于显示，打印或加工系统。

9. 发明授权

US5633885A Frequency chirp control and compensation for obtaining broad bandwidth ultrashort optical pulses from wavelength-tunable lasers 失效
标题翻译：频率啁啾控制和补偿，用于从波长可调激光器获得宽带宽超短光脉冲
公开(公告)号：US5633885A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-27
申请号：US312912
申请日：1994-09-29
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , H01S3/00 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/042 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/12 , H01S3/10
CPC分类号： H01S5/0625 , H01S3/0057 , H01S5/0057 , H01S5/0428 , H01S5/06256 , H01S5/1212
摘要： A method of, and apparatus for controlling and compensating for high order frequency chirp in a fast tuned laser. Optical means in the form of chirped Bragg gratings, preferrably in-fiber gratings, are used to compensate for one or more orders of the frequency chirp. Alternatively, or in combination with the optical compensation, an electrical compensation scheme employs integrators in one or more parallel compensation channels to create a composite compensation signal to compensate for specific order nonlinearities. The present invention allows for the generation of shorter bandwidth-limited optical pulses with spectra containing the complete tuning range of the tunable laser.
摘要翻译：一种用于控制和补偿快速调谐激光器中高阶啁啾的方法和装置。啁啾布拉格光栅形式的光学装置，优选的光纤内光栅用于补偿一个或多个频率啁啾。或者，或者与光学补偿组合，电补偿方案在一个或多个并行补偿通道中使用积分器来产生复合补偿信号以补偿特定阶非线性。本发明允许产生具有包含可调激光器的完整调谐范围的光谱的较短带宽限制的光脉冲。

10. 发明授权

US07656578B2 Microchip-Yb fiber hybrid optical amplifier for micro-machining and marking 失效
标题翻译：用于微加工和标记的Microchip-Yb光纤混合光放大器
公开(公告)号：US07656578B2
公开(公告)日：2010-02-02
申请号：US11372185
申请日：2006-03-10
申请人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter , Martin E. Fermann , Ferenc Raksi
发明人： Almantas Galvanauskas , Donald J. Harter , Martin E. Fermann , Ferenc Raksi
IPC分类号： H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/115 , H01S3/005 , H01S3/0604 , H01S3/0606 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/08031 , H01S3/094007 , H01S3/09415 , H01S3/1611 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/1673
摘要： The invention describes techniques for the control of the spatial as well as spectral beam quality of multi-mode fiber amplification of high peak power pulses as well as using such a configuration to replace the present diode-pumped, Neodynium based sources. Perfect spatial beam-quality can be ensured by exciting the fundamental mode in the multi-mode fibers with appropriate mode-matching optics and techniques. The loss of spatial beam-quality in the multi-mode fibers along the fiber length can be minimized by using multi-mode fibers with large cladding diameters. Near diffraction-limited coherent multi-mode amplifiers can be conveniently cladding pumped, allowing for the generation of high average power. Moreover, the polarization state in the multi-mode fiber amplifiers can be preserved by implementing multi-mode fibers with stress producing regions or elliptical fiber cores These lasers find application as a general replacement of Nd: based lasers, especially Nd:YAG lasers. Particularly utility is disclosed for applications in the marking, micro-machining and drilling areas.
摘要翻译：本发明描述了用于控制高峰值功率脉冲的多模光纤放大的空间以及光束质量的技术，以及使用这种配置来替代当前二极管泵浦的基于钕的源。通过适当的模式匹配光学和技术，可以通过激发多模光纤中的基模来确保完美的空间光束质量。通过使用具有大包层直径的多模光纤，能够使沿着光纤长度的多模光纤中的空间光束质量损失最小化。近衍射极限相干多模放大器可以方便地进行包层泵浦，从而产生高平均功率。此外，通过实施具有应力产生区域或椭圆形光纤核心的多模光纤，可以保持多模光纤放大器中的偏振状态。这些激光器可用作Nd基激光器，尤其是Nd：YAG激光器的一般替代。公开了用于标记，微加工和钻孔领域的应用。

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