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1. 发明申请

US20060022875A1 MINIATURIZED ANTENNAS BASED ON NEGATIVE PERMITTIVITY MATERIALS 有权
标题翻译：基于负极性材料的微型天线
公开(公告)号：US20060022875A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-02
申请号：US10903993
申请日：2004-07-30
申请人： Alex Pidwerbetsky , Howard Stuart
发明人： Alex Pidwerbetsky , Howard Stuart
IPC分类号： H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H01Q9/0485 , H01Q1/243 , H01Q1/38
摘要： An antenna comprises a resonator and a waveguide. The resonator comprises at least one body having a negative effective electrical permittivity or a negative magnetic permeability when a resonance is excited therein by electromagnetic radiation lying in some portion of the microwave spectrum. A termination of the waveguide is situated adjacent the resonator. The resonator is conformed such that at the resonance, there is efficient coupling between the resonator and the waveguide.
摘要翻译：天线包括谐振器和波导。谐振器包括至少一个具有负有效介电常数或负磁导率的主体，当通过位于微波频谱的某些部分的电磁辐射激发谐振时，该谐振被激励。波导的终端位于谐振器附近。谐振器是一致的，使得在共振时，共振器和波导之间有有效的耦合。

2. 发明申请

US20050244154A1 Performance monitoring based on optical autocorrelation 有权
标题翻译：基于光学自相关性能监测
公开(公告)号：US20050244154A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-03
申请号：US10838059
申请日：2004-05-03
申请人： Mihaela Dinu , Daniel Kilper , Howard Stuart
发明人： Mihaela Dinu , Daniel Kilper , Howard Stuart
IPC分类号： H04B10/02 , H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/0795
摘要： An optical performance monitor (OPM) adapted to (i) sample an autocorrelation function corresponding to an optical signal transmitted in an optical network and (ii) based on the sampling, characterize two or more impairments concurrently present in the optical signal. In one embodiment, the OPM has an optical autocorrelator (OAC) coupled to a signal processor (SP). The OAC receives the optical signal from the network, generates two or more samples of its autocorrelation function, and applies said samples to the SP. The SP processes the samples and generates two or more signal metrics. Based on the signal metrics and reference data corresponding to the impairments, the SP then obtains a measure of each of the impairments.
摘要翻译：一种光学性能监视器（OPM），其适于（i）对与光网络中发送的光信号相对应的自相关函数进行采样，以及（ii）基于该采样，表征同时存在于光信号中的两个或更多个损伤。在一个实施例中，OPM具有耦合到信号处理器（SP）的光学自相关器（OAC）。 OAC从网络接收光信号，生成两个或多个自相关函数样本，并将所述样本应用于SP。 SP处理样本并生成两个或更多个信号度量。基于对应于损伤的信号量度和参考数据，SP然后获得每个损伤的量度。

3. 发明申请

US20050074209A1 Mechanically tunable optical devices such as interferometers 有权
标题翻译：机械可调光学器件如干涉仪
公开(公告)号：US20050074209A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-07
申请号：US10403872
申请日：2003-03-31
申请人： Frieder Baumann , Mihaela Dinu , Howard Stuart , James Walker
发明人： Frieder Baumann , Mihaela Dinu , Howard Stuart , James Walker
IPC分类号： G02B6/12 , G02B6/35 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/12007 , G02B6/3502 , G02B6/3536 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3596
摘要： An optical device has at least one waveguide with at least one adjacent resonator, where the distance between the resonator and the waveguide can be controllably adjusted to change the optical coupling between the resonator and the waveguide. When implemented as part of an interferometer, the ability to adjust the waveguide/resonator distance—and thereby the optical coupling between them—provides a mechanically tunable interferometer.
摘要翻译：光学器件具有至少一个具有至少一个相邻谐振器的波导，其中谐振器和波导之间的距离可被可控地调节以改变谐振器和波导之间的光耦合。当作为干涉仪的一部分实现时，调整波导/谐振器距离以及由此之间的光耦合的能力提供了机械可调干涉仪。

4. 发明申请

US20060245686A1 MONOLITHIC WAVEGUIDE/MEMS SWITCH 有权
标题翻译：单相波导/ MEMS开关
公开(公告)号：US20060245686A1
公开(公告)日：2006-11-02
申请号：US11478189
申请日：2006-06-29
申请人： Frieder Baumann , Ho Chan , Dan Fuchs , Howard Stuart
发明人： Frieder Baumann , Ho Chan , Dan Fuchs , Howard Stuart
IPC分类号： G02B6/26
CPC分类号： G02B6/29395 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/12019 , G02B6/122 , G02B6/2861 , G02B6/29349 , G02B6/29352 , G02B6/3516 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3548 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3584 , G02B6/3596 , G02B2006/12104 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/12147 , G02B2006/12159
摘要： A monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch is disclosed that has a waveguide portion and a MEMS mirror portion fabricated on a single substrate, such as a as a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The monolithic waveguide/MEMS switch adjusts the phase of an optical signal by varying the position of one or more moveable mirrors. The mirror portion includes a mirror having a reflective surface that is attached to at least one MEMS actuator to achieve in-plane motion of the mirror (moves parallel to a plane of said at least one waveguide). In one implementation, the MEMS actuator is embodied as a known comb drive actuator. The phase adjustment techniques of the present invention may be employed in various optical devices, including wavelength selective optical switches that support multiple optical channels.
摘要翻译：公开了一种单片波导/ MEMS开关，其具有制造在单个衬底（例如绝缘体上硅晶片）上的波导部分和MEMS镜部分。单片波导/ MEMS开关通过改变一个或多个可移动反射镜的位置来调节光信号的相位。反射镜部分包括具有反射表面的反射镜，该反射表面附接到至少一个MEMS致动器以实现反射镜的平面内运动（平行于所述至少一个波导的平面移动）。在一个实现中，MEMS致动器被实现为已知的梳状驱动致动器。本发明的相位调整技术可以用在各种光学装置中，包括支持多个光通道的波长选择光开关。

5. 发明申请

US20050031341A1 Apparatus and method for monitoring signal-to-noise ratio in optical transmission systems 有权
标题翻译：用于监测光传输系统中信噪比的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20050031341A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-10
申请号：US10636385
申请日：2003-08-07
申请人： Howard Stuart
发明人： Howard Stuart
IPC分类号： H04B10/12 , H04B10/148 , H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/2575 , H04B10/61
摘要： A high-sensitivity signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) determining apparatus measures the in-band SNR of an optical data signal by detecting and demodulating the optical signal and analyzing a narrow bandwidth of the resulting electrical data spectrum at half the data clock frequency, or more generally, a predetermined frequency equal to a multiple M of one-half the clock frequency, fclk/2, where M is an integer equal to or greater than one, may be used. When the optical signal is a WDM signal, a tunable filter isolates a single channel for detection. The detected electrical signal is subjected to both an in-phase and quadrature narrowband RF demodulation using a local oscillator at precisely half the clock frequency. Using this technique, the magnitude of the data portion of the optical signal becomes the in-phase component and the magnitude of the noise present in the optical signal becomes the quadrature component. The ratio of the two demodulated signal components (in-phase and quadrature) is proportional to the SNR of the detected signal. The technique is inherently narrowband and offers very high sensitivity and does not require an optical pre-amplifier.
摘要翻译：高灵敏度信噪比（SNR）确定装置通过检测和解调光信号并且以一半数据时钟频率分析所得到的电数据频谱的窄带宽来测量光数据信号的带内SNR 或者更一般地，可以使用等于时钟频率的一半的预定频率fclk / 2，其中M是等于或大于1的整数。当光信号是WDM信号时，可调谐滤波器隔离单个信道进行检测。检测到的电信号在正好一半的时钟频率下使用本地振荡器进行同相和正交窄带RF解调。使用该技术，光信号的数据部分的大小变成同相分量，并且存在于光信号中的噪声幅度变为正交分量。两个解调信号分量（同相和正交）的比率与检测信号的SNR成比例。该技术本质上是窄带，并提供非常高的灵敏度，并且不需要光学前置放大器。

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