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1. 发明授权

US5796207A Oriented piezo electric ceramics and ceramic/polymer composites 失效
标题翻译：定向压电陶瓷和陶瓷/聚合物复合材料
公开(公告)号：US5796207A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US847901
申请日：1997-04-28
申请人： Ahmad Safari , Stephen C. Danforth , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Victor F. Janas , Rajesh Kumar Panda
发明人： Ahmad Safari , Stephen C. Danforth , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Victor F. Janas , Rajesh Kumar Panda
IPC分类号： H01L41/18 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H01L41/18 , H01L41/183
摘要： This invention relates to novel oriented piezoelectric ceramic and ceramic/polymer composites. More particularly, it provides a novel piezoelectric composite design wherein the ceramic piezoelectric phase is oriented at an angle with respect to the direction of applied stress, thus giving improved electromechanical properties.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及新型取向压电陶瓷和陶瓷/聚合物复合材料。更具体地，它提供了一种新颖的压电复合材料设计，其中陶瓷压电相位相对于所施加的应力方向成一定角度定向，从而提供改善的机电性能。

2. 发明授权

US5818149A Ceramic composites and methods for producing same 失效
标题翻译：陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5818149A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-06
申请号：US622510
申请日：1996-03-25
申请人： Ahmad Safari , Victor F. Janas , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Rajesh K. Panda , Mukesh Agarwala , Stephen C. Danforth
发明人： Ahmad Safari , Victor F. Janas , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Rajesh K. Panda , Mukesh Agarwala , Stephen C. Danforth
IPC分类号： H01L41/18 , H01L41/22 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H01L41/37 , H01L41/183
摘要： A process for forming novel ceramic composites is described. The disclosed process allows for novel composite designs, including composites with regions containing different materials. Moreover, the disclosed process allows for the manufacture of composites with volume fraction gradients of different types of material. Composites with fine-scale microstructures may be formed.
摘要翻译：描述了形成新型陶瓷复合材料的方法。所公开的方法允许新颖的复合设计，包括具有包含不同材料的区域的复合材料。此外，所公开的方法允许制造具有不同类型材料的体积分数梯度的复合材料。可以形成具有精细尺寸微结构的复合材料。

3. 发明授权

US6004500A Methods for producing novel ceramic composites 失效
标题翻译：生产新型陶瓷复合材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US6004500A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US81308
申请日：1998-05-19
申请人： Ahmad Safari , Victor F. Janas , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Rajesh K. Panda , Mukesh Agarwala , Stephen C. Danforth
发明人： Ahmad Safari , Victor F. Janas , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Rajesh K. Panda , Mukesh Agarwala , Stephen C. Danforth
IPC分类号： H01L41/18 , H01L41/22 , C04B33/32
CPC分类号： H01L41/37 , H01L41/183
摘要： A process for making ceramic composites includes the steps of: a) forming a polymer composition into a three-dimensional mold; b) filling said three-dimensional mold with one or more ceramic containing compositions; c) heating said filled mold to dry and sinter the ceramic; d) removing at least a portion of said three-dimensional mold thereby forming voids; and e) filling the voids with a second composition which has a piezoelectric coefficient which is substantially different from the piezoelectric coefficient of said ceramic structure. Steps a through e yield a controlled, non-random piezoelectric ceramic composite having 2-3, 3-2 or 3--3 connectivity with respect to the sintered ceramic and the second composition throughout the composite.
摘要翻译：制备陶瓷复合材料的方法包括以下步骤：a）将聚合物组合物形成为三维模具; b）用一种或多种含陶瓷的组合物填充所述三维模具; c）加热所述填充的模具以干燥并烧结陶瓷; d）去除所述三维模具的至少一部分，从而形成空隙; 以及e）用具有与所述陶瓷结构的压电系数基本不同的压电系数的第二组合物填充所述空隙。步骤a至e产生相对于烧结陶瓷和第二组合物在整个复合材料中具有2-3，3-2或3-3连通性的受控非随机压电陶瓷复合材料。

4. 发明授权

US6049160A Radial ceramic piezoelectric composites 失效
标题翻译：径向陶瓷压电复合材料
公开(公告)号：US6049160A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US114267
申请日：1998-07-13
申请人： Ahmad Safari , Stephen C. Danforth , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Thomas McNulty , Rajesh K. Panda
发明人： Ahmad Safari , Stephen C. Danforth , Amit Bandyopadhyay , Thomas McNulty , Rajesh K. Panda
IPC分类号： H01L41/08 , H01L41/083 , H01L41/18 , H01L41/22
CPC分类号： H01L41/183 , H01L41/37 , B29C67/0055
摘要： This invention relates to a new class of piezoelectric composites with a radial design. More particularly, the radial design of these new ceramic/polymer composites show a higher sensitivity in the radial direction than conventional tube structured devices. Devices made utilizing this novel design will therefore show significantly enhanced performance in many applications.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种具有径向设计的新型压电复合材料。更具体地，这些新型陶瓷/聚合物复合材料的径向设计显示出比常规管结构设备更高的径向灵敏度。因此，使用这种新颖设计的设备将在许多应用中显示出显着增强的性能。

5. 发明授权

US5997795A Processes for forming photonic bandgap structures 失效
标题翻译：用于形成光子带隙结构的过程
公开(公告)号：US5997795A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-07
申请号：US86847
申请日：1998-05-29
申请人： Stephen C. Danforth , Ahmad Safari , John Ballato , Remco Van Weeren , Amit Bandyopadhyay
发明人： Stephen C. Danforth , Ahmad Safari , John Ballato , Remco Van Weeren , Amit Bandyopadhyay
IPC分类号： B29C33/38 , B29C67/00 , C04B38/00 , C30B5/00 , G02B6/122 , B29C35/08 , B29C41/02 , C04B35/00
CPC分类号： B29C67/0081 , B29C33/3842 , B29C67/0062 , B29C67/0092 , B82Y20/00 , C04B38/00 , C30B29/60 , C30B5/00 , G02B6/1225 , C04B2111/00181
摘要： Solid freeform fabrication techniques are used in direct methods to form photonic bandgap structures, and in indirect methods to form molds for photonic bandgap structures. In the direct methods, solid particulate materials are mixed with a binder and, through a computer-controlled process, are built layer by layer to form the structure. In the indirect methods, unfilled polymeric materials are built layer by layer to form a negative mold for the photonic bandgap structure. The cavities within the mold may then be filled with a slurry incorporating solid particulate materials. Subsequent processing may include mold removal, binder removal, densification and secondary infiltration steps to form a photonic bandgap structure having the desired properties.
摘要翻译：固体自由形成技术用于形成光子带隙结构的直接方法，以及用于形成光子带隙结构的模具的间接方法。在直接方法中，将固体颗粒材料与粘合剂混合，并通过计算机控制的方法逐层地构建以形成结构。在间接方法中，未填充的聚合物材料逐层地构建，以形成用于光子带隙结构的负模具。然后可以用包含固体颗粒材料的浆料填充模具内的空腔。随后的处理可以包括脱模，粘合剂去除，致密化和二次渗透步骤以形成具有期望性质的光子带隙结构。

6. 发明授权

US5900207A Solid freeform fabrication methods 失效
标题翻译：固体自由形成方法
公开(公告)号：US5900207A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US858965
申请日：1997-05-20
申请人： Stephen C. Danforth , Mukesh Agarwala , Amit Bandyopadghyay , Noshir Langrana , Vikram R. Jamalabad , Ahmad Safari , Remco van Weeren , William R. Priedeman, Jr.
发明人： Stephen C. Danforth , Mukesh Agarwala , Amit Bandyopadghyay , Noshir Langrana , Vikram R. Jamalabad , Ahmad Safari , Remco van Weeren , William R. Priedeman, Jr.
IPC分类号： B29C41/36 , B29C67/00 , B29C41/02 , C04B35/00
CPC分类号： B29C67/0081 , B29C41/36 , D01F1/10
摘要： A fused deposition process is used to form three-dimensional solid objects from a mixture including a particulate composition dispersed in a binder. The article is formed by depositing the mixture in repeated layers of predefined thickness, with each layer solidifying before the next adjacent layer is dispensed. Following formation and a binder removal step, the article may be at least partially densified to achieve preselected properties. The process permits three-dimensional articles to be formed relatively quickly and inexpensively, without the need for molds or other tooling.
摘要翻译：使用熔融沉积工艺从包含分散在粘合剂中的颗粒组合物的混合物形成三维固体物体。通过以预定厚度的重复层沉积混合物形成制品，每层在分配下一相邻层之前固化。在形成和粘合剂去除步骤之后，制品可以至少部分致密化以实现预选的性质。该方法允许三维制品相对快速和廉价地形成，而不需要模具或其它工具。

7. 发明授权

US5738817A Solid freeform fabrication methods 失效
公开(公告)号：US5738817A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US598276
申请日：1996-02-08
申请人： Stephen C. Danforth , Mukesh Agarwala , Amit Bandyopadghyay , Noshir Langrana , Vikram R. Jamalabad , Ahmad Safari , Remco van Weeren
发明人： Stephen C. Danforth , Mukesh Agarwala , Amit Bandyopadghyay , Noshir Langrana , Vikram R. Jamalabad , Ahmad Safari , Remco van Weeren
IPC分类号： B29C41/36 , B29C67/00 , B29C41/02 , C04B35/00
CPC分类号： B29C67/0081 , B29C41/36 , D01F1/10
摘要： A fused deposition process is used to form three-dimensional solid objects from a mixture including a particulate composition dispersed in a binder. The article is formed by depositing the mixture in repeated layers of predefined thickness, with each layer solidifying before the next adjacent layer is dispensed. Following formation and a binder removal step, the article may be at least partially densified to achieve preselected properties. The process permits three-dimensional articles to be formed relatively quickly and inexpensively, without the need for molds or other tooling.

8. 发明授权

US5824250A Gel cast molding with fugitive molds 失效
标题翻译：凝胶浇注成型与逃逸模具
公开(公告)号：US5824250A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US672858
申请日：1996-06-28
申请人： Philip J. Whalen , Vikram R. Jamalabad , John P. Pollinger , Mukesh Agarwala , Stephen C. Danforth
发明人： Philip J. Whalen , Vikram R. Jamalabad , John P. Pollinger , Mukesh Agarwala , Stephen C. Danforth
IPC分类号： C04B35/622 , C04B33/28
CPC分类号： C04B35/622
摘要： A ceramic component is manufactured rapidly using a mold made directly from a solid freeform manufacturing process. Solid freeform fabrication, or rapid prototyping, procedures are used to generate molds of materials that are soluble or otherwise fugitive. A gel casting suspension containing ceramic and emulsifying agents is poured into the cavity of the mold and caused to set. The mold is then removed by dissolution or heat treatment, leaving intact the gelcast part. Conventional procedures are then utilized to densify the gelcast component to the required final component. Time consuming and expensive machine tooling procedures are virtually eliminated. Ceramic components are generated rapidly in a cost effective manner.
摘要翻译：使用直接由固体自由形成制造工艺制成的模具快速制造陶瓷部件。使用固体自由形式制造或快速原型制作程序来生产可溶或其他易失性物质的模具。将含有陶瓷和乳化剂的凝胶浇注悬浮液倒入模具的腔体中并使其凝固。然后通过溶解或热处理除去模具，保留凝胶体部分。然后使用常规程序将凝胶体组分致密化成所需的最终组分。实际上消除了耗时且昂贵的机床加工程序。以成本有效的方式快速生成陶瓷部件。

9. 发明授权

US4379020A Polycrystalline semiconductor processing 失效
标题翻译：多晶半导体加工
公开(公告)号：US4379020A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-05
申请号：US311850
申请日：1981-10-16
申请人： Andreas M. Glaeser , John S. Haggerty , Stephen C. Danforth
发明人： Andreas M. Glaeser , John S. Haggerty , Stephen C. Danforth
IPC分类号： C30B1/02 , C30B1/10
CPC分类号： C30B1/023
摘要： A process for forming large-grain polycrystalline films from amorphous films for use as photovoltaic devices. The process operates on the amorphous film and uses the driving force inherent to the transition from the amorphous state to the crystalline state as the force which drives the grain growth process. The resultant polycrystalline film is characterized by a grain size that is greater than the thickness of the film.A thin amorphous film is deposited on a substrate. The formation of a plurality of crystalline embryos is induced in the amorphous film at predetermined spaced apart locations and nucleation is inhibited elsewhere in the film. The crystalline embryos are caused to grow in the amorphous film, without further nucleation occurring in the film, until the growth of the embryos is halted by imgingement on adjacently growing embryos. The process is applicable to both batch and continuous processing techniques. In either type of process, the thin amorphous film is sequentially doped with p and n type dopants. Doping is effected either before or after the formation and growth of the crystalline embryos in the amorphous film, or during a continuously proceeding crystallization step.
摘要翻译：从用于光伏器件的非晶膜形成大晶粒多晶膜的方法。该过程在非晶膜上操作，并且使用从非晶状态转变为结晶态的固有的驱动力作为驱动晶粒生长过程的力。得到的多晶膜的特征在于大于膜的厚度的晶粒尺寸。薄的非晶膜沉积在基底上。在非晶膜中以预定的间隔位置诱导多个结晶胚的形成，并且成膜被膜中的其它部分抑制。使晶体胚在非晶膜中生长，而不会在膜中发生进一步的成核，直到胚胎的生长通过在相邻生长的胚胎上的粘附而停止。该方法适用于批量和连续加工技术。在任一种工艺中，薄的非晶膜依次掺杂有p型和n型掺杂剂。在非晶膜中的结晶胚的形成和生长之前或之后或在连续进行的结晶步骤期间进行掺杂。

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