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1. 发明授权

US5515484A Method and apparatus for rendering volumetric images 失效
标题翻译：用于渲染体积图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5515484A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US132395
申请日：1993-10-06
申请人： Adrian Sfarti , Gunawan Ali-Santosa
发明人： Adrian Sfarti , Gunawan Ali-Santosa
IPC分类号： G06T15/50 , G06F15/68
CPC分类号： G06T15/503
摘要： A method for rendering a three dimensional graphic object in a two dimensional display space by segmenting the object into parallelepipeds and decomposing the parallelepipeds into rods of voxels that are parallel to the depth axis (Z) of the display and by projecting the rods of voxels onto the X-Y plane of the display as lines of pixels and a method for drawing antialiased volumetric images. An apparatus for implementing both methods includes an interpolator, having a set-up unit and an iterator unit, and a blender. The set-up unit determines various parameters of the image to be drawn, including the total number of voxels to be blended together into each pixel to be drawn, and selects a pixel pair adjacent to and straddling an idealized line representing a line to be drawn. The iterator unit determines the coverages of the pixel pair based on parameters output by the set-up unit. The blender determines the color intensity values of the pixel pair as a function of the coverages, and the opacity of voxels in the voxel rod corresponding to each pixel, and writes the color values into a memory that drives the display. The memory is split into at least four banks so that color values of the pair of pixel can be simultaneously stored in different memory banks. A method for resolving accumulation error in the derivation of each pixel's position and a method for accommodating for the effect of additional intersected pixels may be used in connection with the above-described methods.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过将对象分解为平行六面体并将平行六面体分解成与显示器的深度轴线（Z）平行的体素棒并且通过将体素棒投影到二维显示空间中的三维图形对象的方法显示器的XY平面作为像素线，以及用于绘制抗锯齿的体积图像的方法。用于实现两种方法的装置包括具有设置单元和迭代器单元的插值器和混合器。设置单元确定要绘制的图像的各种参数，包括要混合到每个要绘制的像素中的体素的总数，并且选择邻近并跨越表示要绘制的线的理想线的像素对。迭代器单元基于由设置单元输出的参数来确定像素对的覆盖率。搅拌器将像素对的颜色强度值确定为覆盖率的函数，以及与每个像素对应的体素棒中的体素的不透明度，并将颜色值写入驱动显示器的存储器中。存储器被分成至少四个存储体，使得该对像素的颜色值可以同时存储在不同的存储体中。可以结合上述方法使用用于解决每个像素位置的推导中的累积误差的方法和用于适应附加相交像素的效果的方法。

2. 发明授权

US5528738A Method and apparatus for antialiasing raster scanned, polygonal shaped images 失效
标题翻译：用于抗锯齿光栅扫描的多边形图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5528738A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US132615
申请日：1993-10-06
申请人： Adrian Sfarti , Gunawan Ali-Santosa
发明人： Adrian Sfarti , Gunawan Ali-Santosa
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06F3/14
CPC分类号： G06T11/40
摘要： A method and apparatus for drawing at least a one pixel wide antialiased line on an edge of a filled polygon. The apparatus comprises an interpolator, having a set up unit and an iterator unit, and a blender. The set up unit determines various parameters of the line to be drawn and selects a pair of pixels adjacent to and straddling an idealized line representing the line to be drawn, where the first pixel is claimed by the edge of the polygon as a filled pixel. The iterator unit determines the coverages of the second pixel based on the parameters output by the set up unit. The blender determines the color intensity value of the second pixel as a function of its coverage and writes the color value into a memory. The apparatus also incorporates methods for antialiasing polygon meshes and resolving accumulation error in the derivation of each pixel's position.
摘要翻译：一种用于在填充多边形的边缘上绘制至少一个像素宽的抗锯齿线的方法和装置。该装置包括具有设置单元和迭代器单元的内插器和混合器。设置单元确定要绘制的线的各种参数，并且选择与表示要绘制的线的理想线相邻并跨越的一对像素，其中第一像素由多边形边缘要求作为填充像素。迭代器单元基于由设置单元输出的参数确定第二像素的覆盖率。混合器根据其覆盖度确定第二像素的颜色强度值，并将颜色值写入存储器。该装置还包括用于抗锯齿多边形网格的方法，并且在推导每个像素的位置时解决累积误差。

3. 发明授权

US5581680A Method and apparatus for antialiasing raster scanned images 失效
标题翻译：用于抗锯齿光栅扫描图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5581680A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-03
申请号：US132404
申请日：1993-10-06
申请人： Adrian Sfarti , Gunawan Ali-Santosa
发明人： Adrian Sfarti , Gunawan Ali-Santosa
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G09G5/20 , G09G5/393 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G09G5/393 , G06T11/001 , G09G5/20
摘要： A method and apparatus for drawing at least a two pixel wide antialiased line is described in which the apparatus utilizes an interpolator, having a set up unit and an iterator unit, and a blender. The set up unit determines various parameters of the line to be drawn and selects a pair of pixels adjacent to and straddling an idealized line representing the line to be drawn. The iterator unit determines the coverages of the pair of pixels based on the parameters output by the set up unit. The blender determines the color intensity values of the pair of pixels as a function of the coverages and writes the color values into a memory. The memory is a frame buffer type memory utilized to drive a display and is split into at least four banks so that the color values of the pair of pixels can be simultaneously stored in different memory banks. The apparatus also incorporates a method for resolving accumulation error in the derivation of each pixel's position and a method for accommodating for the effect of a third intersected pixel on the line to be drawn.
摘要翻译：描述了用于绘制至少两个像素宽的抗锯齿线的方法和装置，其中该装置利用具有建立单元和迭代器单元的内插器和混合器。设置单元确定要绘制的线的各种参数，并且选择与表示要绘制的线的理想线相邻并跨越的一对像素。迭代器单元基于由设置单元输出的参数来确定该对像素的覆盖。混合器根据覆盖率确定该对像素的颜色强度值，并将颜色值写入存储器。存储器是用于驱动显示器并被分割成至少四个存储体的帧缓冲器型存储器，使得该对像素的颜色值可以同时存储在不同的存储体中。该装置还包括一种用于分解每个像素位置的推导中的累积误差的方法以及用于在待绘制的线上适应第三相交像素的影响的方法。

4. 发明授权

US08261133B1 Protection and recovery of non-redundant information stored in a memory 有权
标题翻译：存储在存储器中的非冗余信息的保护和恢复
公开(公告)号：US08261133B1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-04
申请号：US11499271
申请日：2006-08-04
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Rajeev Bharol
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Rajeev Bharol
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1004
摘要： The present invention is a method, computer-readable medium and an apparatus for protection and recovery of non-redundant computer-readable information stored in a memory having multiple segments that features replacing computer-readable information stored in one of the multiple segments based upon a determination that computer-readable information stored in one of the remaining segments of the multiples segments is in a desired state. To that end, the memory device operates synergistically with a shelf manager, which maintains a state of computer-readable information in the differing address ranges of the memory device, so that any computer-readable information replaced in memory device may be achieved by executing uncorrupted computer-readable information stored in the memory device.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种用于保护和恢复存储在具有多个段的存储器中的非冗余计算机可读信息的方法，计算机可读介质和装置，其特征在于，代替存储在所述多个段之一中的计算机可读信息基于确定存储在多个段的其余段之一中的计算机可读信息处于期望状态。为此，存储器装置与货架管理器协同工作，货架管理器维持存储装置的不同地址范围内的计算机可读信息的状态，使得在存储装置中替换的任何计算机可读信息可以通过执行未损坏的存储在存储设备中的计算机可读信息。

5. 发明授权

US07266731B2 Method and apparatus for managing remote software code update 有权
标题翻译：用于管理远程软件代码更新的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US07266731B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US09991338
申请日：2001-11-13
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Mehrdad Mojgani
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Mehrdad Mojgani
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F8/60 , G06F11/1433
摘要： A method for managing remote software code update includes receiving a message from a remote device that includes a first code space having at least one segment and a second code space having one or more segment. The method also includes decoding the message to determine the execution mode of the remote device, indicating code in the first code space is corrupted if the execution mode indicates the remote device is executing in the second code space and indicating the code in the first code space is valid if the execution mode indicates the remote device is executing in the first code space.
摘要翻译：用于管理远程软件代码更新的方法包括从远程设备接收包括具有至少一个段的第一代码空间和具有一个或多个段的第二代码空间的消息。该方法还包括对消息进行解码以确定远程设备的执行模式，如果执行模式指示远程设备在第二代码空间中执行并且指示第一代码空间中的代码，则指示第一代码空间中的代码被破坏如果执行模式指示远程设备在第一个代码空间中执行，则该命令有效。

6. 发明授权

US06559857B2 Method and apparatus for pseudo-random noise generation based on variation of intensity and coloration 有权
标题翻译：基于强度和着色变化的伪随机噪声生成方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06559857B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-06
申请号：US09759634
申请日：2001-01-12
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Marcelino M. Dignum
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Marcelino M. Dignum
IPC分类号： G09G502
CPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G09G3/20 , G09G3/2051
摘要： A method and apparatus for dithering for color computer display systems includes the addition of a noise component to each of the color components of each pixel in a pseudo-random manner. The noise component is preferably different for each color component. Taking the image as a whole, the noise component repeats on a regular basis but is preferably selected so as not to repeat on adjacent pixels. The image is divided into squares of pixels and the same noise component is added to each of the same relative pixels from square to square. The preferred square of pixels is four pixels wide by four pixels high. The value of the noise component is chosen such that the most significant bit alternates both horizontally and vertically from pixel to pixel within the square of pixels. The other bits of the value of the noise component are preferably chosen such that the value of the noise component does not repeat within the square of pixels and such that a simplified hardware implementation is made possible by their selection. The resulting hardware implementation preferably consists of a number of exclusive-or gates tied together to produce the value of the noise component based on the least significant bits of the X and Y coordinates of each pixel. This hardware implementation is simple enough that it becomes economically practical to add a different noise component to each of the three color components of each pixel rather than the same noise component to all of the color components.
摘要翻译：用于彩色计算机显示系统的抖动的方法和装置包括以伪随机方式向每个像素的每个颜色分量添加噪声分量。对于每个颜色分量，噪声分量优选地是不同的。将图像作为一个整体，噪声分量被重复定期，但优选地选择为不在相邻像素上重复。图像被分成像素的正方形，并且相同的噪声分量被添加到从正方形到正方形的相同相对像素中的每一个。像素的最佳平方是四像素宽乘四像素高。选择噪声分量的值，使得最高有效位在像素平方内的像素之间水平和垂直地交替。优选地选择噪声分量的值的其他位，使得噪声分量的值不在像素的平方内重复，并且使得通过它们的选择使得简化的硬件实现成为可能。所得到的硬件实现优选地由连接在一起的多个异或门组成，以基于每个像素的X和Y坐标的最低有效位产生噪声分量的值。该硬件实现简单到足以在每个像素的三个颜色分量中的每一个添加不同的噪声分量而不是所有颜色分量的相同噪声分量变得经济实用。

7. 发明授权

US06636230B1 Method for approximation of caps of smooth line segments 有权
标题翻译：近似平滑线段帽的方法
公开(公告)号：US06636230B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-21
申请号：US09544658
申请日：2000-04-06
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G06T11/203 , G06T2200/12
摘要： Starting and ending caps of smooth line segments may be drawn on a computer display without complicated calculations and avoiding the use of inverse square root calculations by drawing the caps using rectangles. The direction of the line segment may be determined, and using the direction certain pixels in a four-pixel grouping may be selectively illuminated. The normalized intensity values of the illuminated pixels may be determined by computing an x-fraction and a y-fraction, representing the distance in the x-direction and y-direction between a sample origin point in a corner of the four-pixel grouping and the closest corner of a region covered by the mathematical origin or endpoint corrected for the thickness of the line segment. It is generally preferable for only two pixels to be illuminated for each cap, the pixels chosen according to a formula ensuring that there are no perception problems when two smooth line segments share a common mathematical origin or endpoint.
摘要翻译：平滑线段的开始和结束可以在计算机显示器上绘制，而无需复杂的计算，并避免使用矩形绘制帽子使用反平方根计算。可以确定线段的方向，并且使用方向可以选择性地照亮四像素组中的某些像素。照射像素的归一化强度值可以通过计算x分数和y分数来确定，该x分数和y分数表示在四个像素组的角落中的样本原点和x-方向和y方向之间的距离由线段的厚度修正的数学原点或端点覆盖的区域最近的角落。通常优选的是，对于每个盖子仅照亮两个像素，根据公式选择像素，确保当两个平滑线段共享公共数学起点或端点时不存在感知问题。

8. 发明授权

US06583788B1 Efficiently rendering line segments on a computer display 有权
标题翻译：有效地在计算机显示器上呈现线段
公开(公告)号：US06583788B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-24
申请号：US09588635
申请日：2000-06-06
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa
IPC分类号： G06T1120
CPC分类号： G06T11/203 , G09G5/20
摘要： A method for rendering a line segment extending in the positive-x direction and positive-y direction on a computer display given a starting point and an ending point, the starting point having the form (xs, ys) and the ending point having the form (xe, ye). In this method, &Dgr;x and &Dgr;y are computed using the formula &Dgr;x=|xe−xs| and &Dgr;y=|ye−ys|, respectively. Then dt(0)=(yf*&Dgr;x)−(xf*&Dgr;y) is computed, where xf is the fractional portion of xs and yf is the fractional portion of ys, which allows for more precision. If the line segment extends in the postive-x and positive-y directions, then for each column n containing a portion of said line segment the process: plots said current pixel if dt(n) 0.5*&Dgr;x; moves said current pixel to the right one pixel if dt(n) 0.5*&Dgr;x; and corrects dt(n) by computing dt(n)=dt(n)−&Dgr;x if dt(n)>0.5*&Dgr;x. After all of these computations have been performed, the process may iterate to the next column by computing dt(n+1)=dt(n)+&Dgr;y. This method greatly reduces the number of calculations required by the prior art methods, thus producing a faster and more efficient process by which to draw line segments on a computer display.
摘要翻译：一种用于在给定起始点和终点的计算机显示器上呈现在正x方向和正y方向上延伸的线段的方法，具有形式（xs，ys）和起始点具有形式（你们）在这种方法中，DELTAx和DELTAY使用公式DELTAx = | xe-xs |计算和DELTAy = | ye-ys |。然后计算dt（0）=（yf * DELTAx） - （xf * DELTAy），其中xf是xs的小数部分，yf是ys的小数部分，这允许更多的精度。如果线段在post-x和positive-y方向上延伸，则对于包含所述线段的一部分的每列n，处理：绘制所述当前像素，如果dt（n）<= 0.5 * DELTAx并绘制上述像素表示当前像素，如果dt（n）> 0.5 * DELTAx; 如果dt（n）<= 0.5 * DELTAx，则将当前像素移动到右侧一个像素，并且如果dt（n）> 0.5 * DELTAx则将所述像素向右移动并且向上移动一个像素; 并且如果dt（n）> 0.5 * DELTAx，则通过计算dt（n）= dt（n）-DELTAx来校正dt（n）。在执行了所有这些计算之后，该过程可以通过计算dt（n + 1）= dt（n）+ DELTAy来迭代到下一列。该方法大大减少了现有技术方法所需的计算次数，从而产生了更快更有效的在计算机显示器上绘制线段的过程。

9. 发明授权

US07062763B2 Method and apparatus for remote software code update 有权
公开(公告)号：US07062763B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-13
申请号：US09992125
申请日：2001-11-13
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Mehrdad Mojgani
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa , Mehrdad Mojgani
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F11/1433 , G06F8/65
摘要： A method for updating code includes receiving an update command for a first program resident in a first code space including at least one segment, transferring program control to a second program executing in second code space including one or more segment, selecting one of the at least one segment, mapping the selected segment to data space and writing the selected segment. A method for detecting corrupt software code includes defining a correlation rule for a program that includes at least one segment that includes multiple markers. The correlation rule defines a relationship between two or more of the markers. The method also includes writing the program to a memory device, reading two or more of the markers from the memory device, determining whether a segment is corrupt by applying the correlation rule to the two or more markers and indicating whether the segment is corrupt based upon the determining.

10. 发明授权

US06636231B1 Apparatus for approximation of caps of smooth line segments 有权
标题翻译：用于近似平滑线段的帽的装置
公开(公告)号：US06636231B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-21
申请号：US09544868
申请日：2000-04-07
申请人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa
发明人： Gunawan Ali-Santosa
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G06T11/203 , G06T2200/12
摘要： Starting and ending caps of smooth line segments may be drawn on a computer display without complicated calculations and avoiding the use of inverse square root calculations by drawing the caps using rectangles. The direction of the line segment may be determined, and using the direction certain pixels in a four-pixel grouping may be selectively illuminated. The normalized intensity values of the illuminated pixels may be determined by computing an x-fraction and a y-fraction, representing the distance in the x-direction and y-direction between a sample origin point in a corner of the four-pixel grouping and the closest corner of a region covered by the mathematical origin or endpoint corrected for the thickness of the line segment. It is generally preferable for only two pixels to be illuminated for each cap, the pixels chosen according to a formula ensuring that there are no perception problems when two smooth line segments share a common mathematical origin or endpoint.
摘要翻译：平滑线段的开始和结束可以在计算机显示器上绘制，而无需复杂的计算，并避免使用矩形绘制帽子使用反平方根计算。可以确定线段的方向，并且使用方向可以选择性地照亮四像素组中的某些像素。照射像素的归一化强度值可以通过计算x分数和y分数来确定，该x分数和y分数表示在四个像素组的角落中的样本原点和x-方向和y方向之间的距离由线段的厚度修正的数学原点或端点覆盖的区域最近的角落。通常优选的是，对于每个盖子仅照亮两个像素，根据公式选择像素，确保当两个平滑线段共享公共数学起点或端点时不存在感知问题。

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