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1. 发明授权

US06881308B2 Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia 失效
标题翻译：电化学合成氨
公开(公告)号：US06881308B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-19
申请号：US10090444
申请日：2002-03-04
申请人： Adrian J. Denvir , Oliver J. Murphy , Alan J. Cisar , Priscilla Robertson , Kyle Uselton
发明人： Adrian J. Denvir , Oliver J. Murphy , Alan J. Cisar , Priscilla Robertson , Kyle Uselton
IPC分类号： C25B1/00 , C25B9/06 , C25B3/02 , C25B9/18
CPC分类号： C25B1/00
摘要： A method for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas comprising providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, providing hydrogen gas to the anode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form an adsorbed nitrogen species, and reacting the hydrogen with the adsorbed nitrogen species to form ammonia. Preferably, the hydrogen gas is provided to the anode by passing the hydrogen gas through a porous anode substrate. It is also preferred to produce the negatively charged nitrogen-containing species in the electrolyte by reducing nitrogen gas at the cathode. However, the negatively charged nitrogen-containing species may also be provided by supplying a nitrogen-containing salt, such as lithium nitride, into the molten salt electrolyte mixture in a sufficient amount to provide some or all of the nitrogen consumed in the production of ammonia.
摘要翻译：一种用于电化学合成氨气的方法，包括在阳极和阴极之间提供电解质，向阳极提供氢气，在阳极处氧化存在于电解质中的带负电荷的含氮物质以形成吸附的氮物质，并使氢与吸附的氮物质形成氨。优选地，通过使氢气通过多孔阳极基板而将氢气提供给阳极。还优选通过还原阴极处的氮气来在电解质中产生带负电的含氮物质。然而，带负电的含氮物质也可以通过向熔融盐电解质混合物中提供足够量的含氮盐（例如氮化钠）来提供在氨生产中消耗的一部分或全部氮。

2. 发明授权

US07125625B2 Electrochemical cell and bipolar assembly for an electrochemical cell 失效
公开(公告)号：US07125625B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-24
申请号：US10448974
申请日：2003-05-30
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Craig C. Andrews , Charles J. Greenwald , Oliver J. Murphy , Chris Boyer , Rattaya Chow Yalamanchili , Carlos E. Salinas
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Craig C. Andrews , Charles J. Greenwald , Oliver J. Murphy , Chris Boyer , Rattaya Chow Yalamanchili , Carlos E. Salinas
IPC分类号： H01M2/02 , H01M2/08 , H01M8/12
CPC分类号： H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0221 , H01M8/0223 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0241 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/026 , H01M8/0271
摘要： A bipolar assembly for use in electrochemical cell stacks, especially stacks operated at low pressure. The bipolar assembly is lightweight and provides a “post-type” flow field that operates with a low pressure drop. The bipolar assembly comprises a gas barrier having an array of electronically conducting posts disposed approximately perpendicular to the gas barrier. Each end of the posts is in electrical communication with the surface of an electrode. Because the bipolar assembly separates a cathode from an anode, the posts contact an anode electrode on one end and a cathode electrode on the other end. The posts provide current conduction through the stack as well as provide the flow fields for the electrochemical reactants. Optionally, the bipolar assembly may contain cooling fluid channels formed by adding additional gas barriers to the bipolar assembly. The space between the gas barriers form a channel through which cooling fluids may be circulated.

3. 发明授权

US06804949B2 Water sources for automotive devices 失效
标题翻译：汽车设备用水源
公开(公告)号：US06804949B2
公开(公告)日：2004-10-19
申请号：US10226361
申请日：2002-08-22
申请人： Craig C. Andrews , Alan J. Cisar , Carlos Salinas , Oliver J. Murphy , A. John Appleby
发明人： Craig C. Andrews , Alan J. Cisar , Carlos Salinas , Oliver J. Murphy , A. John Appleby
IPC分类号： F01N300
CPC分类号： C25B15/08 , F01N2240/22 , F02B43/10 , F02B47/02 , F02B2043/106 , Y02T10/121 , Y02T10/32 , Y02T90/42
摘要： The present invention provides a self-replenishing liquid water source onboard an automobile for supplying liquid water to an electrolyzer, such as an on-board hydrogen generator useful for the suppression of unwanted emissions. While automobiles typically have water reservoirs resupplied by a person, the invention provides a passive means of water collection for reliable replenishment due to operations of the automobile itself. The invention provides condensate from the engine exhaust gas by cooling a region of the exhaust system using cooling fluid from the engine coolant system. The cooling fluid is circulated during a period following the engine cold start event when the heat load on the engine coolant system is low.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于向电解器供应液体水的汽车上的自补充液体水源，例如可用于抑制不期望的排放物的板上氢气发生器。虽然汽车通常具有由人员补充的储水器，但是由于汽车本身的操作，本发明提供了一种被动的水收集装置，用于可靠的补给。本发明通过使用来自发动机冷却剂系统的冷却流体冷却排气系统的区域来提供来自发动机废气的冷凝物。当发动机冷启动事件发动机冷却系统的热负荷低时，冷却液循环。

4. 发明授权

US6040072A Apparatus and method for compressing a stack of electrochemical cells 失效
标题翻译：用于压缩电化学电池堆的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US6040072A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-21
申请号：US974384
申请日：1997-11-19
申请人： Oliver J. Murphy , Carlos Salinas , Alan J. Cisar
发明人： Oliver J. Murphy , Carlos Salinas , Alan J. Cisar
IPC分类号： C25B9/18 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： C25B9/18 , H01M8/247
摘要： The present invention provides an apparatus and method for assembling an electrochemical cell stack, or an assemblage of components which need to be clamped together, especially where minimizing the size and weight of the clamping mechanism is advantageous. The invention encompasses combining a band or strap to transmit load to a plurality of components. A metal link is provided to apply greater tension to the band than could normally be achieved with the band alone. The invention may provide a band having a spiral screw clamp wherein the screw portion is used to apply and control tension in the band and the band is used to transmit the tension to a plurality of components. The invention also provides systems that improve the distribution of the force over a portion of the assembly, preferably the entire area of at least one face of the assembly. The invention encompasses a system with straps surrounding a fuel cell stack placed between two end plates, with raised ridges placed under the strapping system to concentrate the compressive force at selected points on the endplates. The invention also encompasses a device comprising an array of adjustable elements that control the distribution of the compressive load.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种用于组装电化学电池堆的装置和方法，或需要夹紧在一起的组件的组合，特别是在最小化夹紧机构的尺寸和重量的情况下是有利的。本发明包括组合带或带以将负载传输到多个组件。提供金属连接件以对带宽施加比通常可以单独实现的带宽更大的张力。本发明可以提供具有螺旋螺旋夹具的带，其中螺钉部分用于施加和控制带中的张力，并且带用于将张力传递到多个部件。本发明还提供了改善组件部分上的力的分布的系统，优选组件的至少一个面的整个区域。本发明包括具有围绕放置在两个端板之间的燃料电池堆的带的系统，其具有放置在捆扎系统下方的凸脊，以将压缩力集中在端板上的选定点处。本发明还包括一种包括控制压缩载荷分布的可调元件阵列的装置。

5. 发明授权

US5916505A Process of making a membrane with internal passages 失效
标题翻译：制作具有内部通道的膜的方法
公开(公告)号：US5916505A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US806785
申请日：1997-02-26
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin , G. Duncan Hitchens , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin , G. Duncan Hitchens , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D53/32 , B01F3/02 , B01J8/00 , B01J19/24 , C02F1/00 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/467 , C02F1/78 , C25B1/13 , C25B1/30 , C25B9/08 , C25B13/02 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/18 , B29C43/00
CPC分类号： C25B1/30 , B01D53/22 , B01D53/326 , B01F3/022 , B01J19/2475 , B01J8/009 , C02F1/4618 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/78 , C25B1/13 , C25B13/02 , C25B9/08 , H01M8/0289 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1065 , H01M8/1067 , B01J2208/00061 , B01J2208/00132 , B01J2208/00256 , B01J2208/00539 , B01J2208/00584 , B01J2219/00063 , B01J2219/00081 , B01J2219/00099 , B01J2219/00103 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/00171 , C02F1/32 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2001/46166 , C02F2101/30 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46195 , C02F2201/782 , C02F2303/04 , C02F2305/023 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/186 , Y02C20/30 , Y02E60/528 , Y02P70/56
摘要： The invention provides in improved proton exchange membrane for use in electrochemical cells having internal passages parallel to the membrane surface, an apparatus and process for making the membrane, membrane and electrode assemblies fabricated using the membrane, and the application of the membrane and electrode assemblies to a variety of devices, both electrochemical and otherwise. The passages in the membrane extend from one edge of the membrane to another and allow fluid flow through the membrane and give access directly to the membrane for purposes of hydration.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于电化学电池的改进的质子交换膜，其具有平行于膜表面的内部通道，用于制造使用膜制造膜，膜和电极组件的装置和工艺，以及将膜和电极组件应用于各种器件，电化学和其他。膜中的通道从膜的一个边缘延伸到另一个边缘，并允许流体流过膜并且直接进入膜以获得水合的目的。

6. 发明授权

US06464854B2 Water sources for automotive electrolyzers 失效
标题翻译：汽车电解槽水源
公开(公告)号：US06464854B2
公开(公告)日：2002-10-15
申请号：US09494679
申请日：2000-01-31
申请人： Craig C. Andrews , A. John Appleby , Alan J. Cisar , Carlos Salinas , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Craig C. Andrews , A. John Appleby , Alan J. Cisar , Carlos Salinas , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： C25C102
CPC分类号： C25B15/08 , F01N2240/22 , F02B43/10 , F02B47/02 , F02B2043/106 , Y02T10/121 , Y02T10/32 , Y02T90/42
摘要： The present invention provides a self-replenishing liquid water source onboard an automobile for supplying liquid water to an electrolyzer, such as an on-board hydrogen generator useful for the suppression of unwanted emissions. While automobiles typically have water reservoirs resupplied by a person, the invention provides a passive means of water collection for reliable replenishment due to operations of the automobile itself. The invention provides condensate from the engine exhaust gas by cooling a region of the exhaust system using cooling fluid from the engine coolant system. The cooling fluid is circulated during a period following the engine cold start event when the heat load on the engine coolant system is low.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于向电解器供应液体水的汽车上的自补充液体水源，例如可用于抑制不期望的排放物的板上氢气发生器。虽然汽车通常具有由人员补充的储水器，但是由于汽车本身的操作，本发明提供了一种被动的水收集装置，用于可靠的补给。本发明通过使用来自发动机冷却剂系统的冷却流体冷却排气系统的区域来提供来自发动机废气的冷凝物。当发动机冷启动事件发动机冷却系统的热负荷低时，冷却液循环。

7. 发明授权

US06426161B1 Lightweight metal bipolar plates and methods for making the same 失效
标题翻译：轻质金属双极板及其制作方法
公开(公告)号：US06426161B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-30
申请号：US09699308
申请日：2000-10-25
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , King-Tsai Jeng , Carlos Salinas , Stan Simpson , Dacong Weng
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , King-Tsai Jeng , Carlos Salinas , Stan Simpson , Dacong Weng
IPC分类号： H01M214
CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0206 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P70/56 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： Thin, light weight bipolar plates for use in electrochemical cells are rapidly, and inexpensively manufactured in mass production by die casting, stamping or other well known methods for fabricating magnesium or aluminum parts. The use of a light metal, such as magnesium or aluminum minimizes weight and simultaneously improves both electrical and thermal conductivity compared to conventional carbon parts. For service in electrochemical cells these components must be protected from corrosion. This is accomplished by plating the surface of the light weight metal parts with a layer of denser, but more noble metal. The protective metal layer is deposited in one of several ways. One of these is deposition from an aqueous solution by either electroless means, electrolytic means, or a combination of the two. Another is deposition by electrolytic means from a non-aqueous solution, such as a molten salt.
摘要翻译：用于电化学电池的薄型，轻质双极板快速地通过压铸，冲压或用于制造镁或铝部件的众所周知的方法批量生产制造。使用诸如镁或铝的轻金属最小化重量，并且与传统的碳部件相比同时提高了导电和导热性。为了在电化学电池中使用，这些组件必须防止腐蚀。这是通过用更致密，但更贵重的金属层对轻质金属部件的表面进行电镀来实现的。保护金属层以几种方式之一沉积。其中之一是通过无电解装置，电解装置或两者的组合从水溶液中沉积。另一种是通过电解方法从非水溶液如熔融盐沉积。

8. 发明授权

US5635039A Membrane with internal passages to permit fluid flow and an electrochemical cell containing the same 失效
标题翻译：具有允许流体流动的内部通道的膜和包含该流体的电化学电池
公开(公告)号：US5635039A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-03
申请号：US344813
申请日：1994-11-23
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin , G. Duncan Hitchens , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin , G. Duncan Hitchens , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D53/32 , B01F3/02 , B01J8/00 , B01J19/24 , C02F1/00 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/467 , C02F1/78 , C25B1/13 , C25B1/30 , C25B9/08 , C25B13/02 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/18 , C25B1/00
CPC分类号： C25B1/30 , B01D53/22 , B01D53/326 , B01F3/022 , B01J19/2475 , B01J8/009 , C02F1/4618 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/78 , C25B1/13 , C25B13/02 , C25B9/08 , H01M8/0289 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1065 , H01M8/1067 , B01J2208/00061 , B01J2208/00132 , B01J2208/00256 , B01J2208/00539 , B01J2208/00584 , B01J2219/00063 , B01J2219/00081 , B01J2219/00099 , B01J2219/00103 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/00171 , C02F1/32 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2001/46166 , C02F2101/30 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46195 , C02F2201/782 , C02F2303/04 , C02F2305/023 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/186 , Y02C20/30 , Y02E60/528 , Y02P70/56
摘要： The invention provides an improved proton exchange membrane for use in electrochemical cells having internal passages parallel to the membrane surface, an apparatus and process for making the membrane, membrane and electrode assemblies fabricated using the membrane, and the application of the membrane and electrode assemblies to a variety of devices, both electrochemical and otherwise. The passages in the membrane extend from one edge of the membrane to another and allow fluid flow through the membrane and give access directly to the membrane for purposes of hydration.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于电化学电池的改进的质子交换膜，其具有平行于膜表面的内部通道，用于制造使用膜制造膜，膜和电极组件的装置和方法，以及将膜和电极组件应用于各种器件，电化学和其他。膜中的通道从膜的一个边缘延伸到另一个边缘，并允许流体流过膜并且直接进入膜以获得水合的目的。

9. 发明授权

US06991869B2 Unitized barrier and flow control device for electrochemical reactors 有权
标题翻译：用于电化学反应器的单元化屏障和流量控制装置
公开(公告)号：US06991869B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-31
申请号：US10274494
申请日：2002-10-17
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , King-Tsai Jeng , Carlos Salinas , Stan Simpson , Dacong Weng , Homayoun Moaddel
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , King-Tsai Jeng , Carlos Salinas , Stan Simpson , Dacong Weng , Homayoun Moaddel
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01M8/0258 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/241 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A subassembly for a stack of electrochemical cells that includes a porous metal sheet having a first face and a second face with a hydrophobic, carbonaceous gas diffusion layer disposed within the pores along the first face of the porous metal sheet. The second face of the porous metal sheet defines a flow field while that portion of the porous metal sheet filled with the gas diffusion layer forms a current collector. The subassembly may further include a metal gas barrier metallurgically bonded to the second face of the porous metal sheet to act as a gas barrier between the porous metal sheet and a second porous metal sheet having a second gas diffusion layer disposed within the pores along a face of the second porous metal sheet. Preferably, the gas diffusion layers are applied as a paste to the porous metal sheet and then dried.
摘要翻译：一种用于堆叠电化学电池的子组件，其包括具有第一面的多孔金属片和具有设置在多孔金属片的第一面的孔内的疏水碳质气体扩散层的第二面。多孔金属片的第二面限定了流场，而填充有气体扩散层的多孔金属片的那部分形成集电体。子组件还可以包括冶金结合到多孔金属片的第二面上的金属气体阻挡层，以充当多孔金属片和第二多孔金属片之间的气体阻挡层，该第二多孔金属片具有沿着孔的孔中设置的第二气体扩散层的第二多孔金属片。优选地，将气体扩散层作为糊剂施加到多孔金属片材上，然后干燥。

10. 发明授权

US06265205B1 Enhancement of soil and groundwater remediation 失效
标题翻译：加强土壤和地下水的修复
公开(公告)号：US06265205B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-24
申请号：US09013729
申请日：1998-01-27
申请人： G. Duncan Hitchens , Drahomira Brejchova , Alan J. Cisar , Dalibor Hodko , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： G. Duncan Hitchens , Drahomira Brejchova , Alan J. Cisar , Dalibor Hodko , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： C12S1300
CPC分类号： C12P5/02 , B09C1/08 , B09C1/10 , Y02E50/343
摘要： This invention is a novel method for bioremediation of soil and ground water based on supplying hydrogen (H2) to naturally occurring anaerobic bacteria in the soil or ground water. These organisms use the hydrogen as an electron donor to perform adventitious chemical reactions including the dehalogenation of chlorinated organic compounds. The hydrogen can be supplied from a number of sources, including; stored hydrogen, hydrogen generated above ground on site, either electrochemically or by reforming a fuel source, or by electrolysis in the soil, either using an electric current supplied from above ground or an electric current generated by the corrosion of metal particles in the ground. For the last of these cases, a novel multi-metallic particle especially useful for the generation of hydrogen, and a method for making these particles, are disclosed.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种基于向土壤或地下水中的天然存在的厌氧细菌供应氢（H2）的土壤和地下水生物修复的新方法。这些生物体使用氢作为电子给体来进行不定期的化学反应，包括氯化有机化合物的脱卤。氢可以从许多来源提供，包括：储存的氢气，现场地面上产生的氢气，电化学或通过燃料源重整，或通过土壤中的电解，使用从地面提供的电流或由地下金属颗粒的腐蚀产生的电流。对于这些情况中的最后一种，公开了特别可用于产生氢的新型多金属颗粒和制造这些颗粒的方法。

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