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1. 发明申请

WO2011060024A3 OPEN STRUCTURES IN SUBSTRATES FOR ELECTRODES 审中-公开
标题翻译：电极基质中的开放结构
公开(公告)号：WO2011060024A3
公开(公告)日：2011-11-24
申请号：PCT/US2010056163
申请日：2010-11-10
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , BERDICHEVSKY EUGENE M , HAN SONG , CUI YI , FASCHING RAINER J , LOVENESS GHYRN E , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , PLATSHON MARK C
发明人： BERDICHEVSKY EUGENE M , HAN SONG , CUI YI , FASCHING RAINER J , LOVENESS GHYRN E , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , PLATSHON MARK C
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , B82B3/00 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/134 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/669 , H01M4/74 , H01M4/742 , H01M4/808
摘要： Provided are conductive substrates having open structures and fractional void volumes of at least about 25% or, more specifically, or at least about 50% for use in lithium ion batteries. Nanostructured active materials are deposited over such substrates to form battery electrodes. The fractional void volume may help to accommodate swelling of some active materials during cycling. In certain embodiments, overall outer dimensions of the electrode remain substantially the same during cycling, while internal open spaces of the conductive substrate provide space for any volumetric changes in the nanostructured active materials. In specific embodiments, a nanoscale layer of silicon is deposited over a metallic mesh to form a negative electrode. In another embodiment, a conductive substrate is a perforated sheet with multiple openings, such that a nanostructured active material is deposited into the openings but not on the external surfaces of the sheet.
摘要翻译：提供用于锂离子电池的具有至少约25％或更具体地或至少约50％的开放结构和分数空隙体积的导电基板。纳米结构的活性材料沉积在这种衬底上以形成电池电极。分数空隙体积可以帮助适应循环期间一些活性材料的膨胀。在某些实施例中，电极的总体外部尺寸在循环期间保持基本相同，而导电基底的内部开放空间为纳米结构活性材料中的任何体积变化提供空间。在具体的实施方式中，将纳米级硅层沉积在金属网上以形成负电极。在另一个实施例中，导电衬底是具有多个开口的穿孔板，使得纳米结构活性材料沉积到开口中而不是在板的外表面上。

2. 发明申请

WO2011060017A3 INTERMEDIATE LAYERS FOR ELECTRODE FABRICATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于电极制造的中间层
公开(公告)号：WO2011060017A3
公开(公告)日：2011-09-29
申请号：PCT/US2010056154
申请日：2010-11-10
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , FASCHING RAINER J , LOVENESS GHYRN E , HAN SONG , BERDICHEVSKY EUGENE M , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I , CUI YI , PLATSHON MARK C
发明人： DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , FASCHING RAINER J , LOVENESS GHYRN E , HAN SONG , BERDICHEVSKY EUGENE M , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I , CUI YI , PLATSHON MARK C
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , B82B3/00 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/36 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M10/052 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/661
摘要： Provided are novel electrodes for use in lithium ion batteries. An electrode includes one or more intermediate layers positioned between a substrate and an electrochemically active material. Intermediate layers may be made from chromium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, nickel, molybdenum, lithium, as well as other materials and their combinations. An intermediate layer may protect the substrate, help to redistribute catalyst during deposition of the electrochemically active material, improve adhesion between the active material and substrate, and other purposes. In certain embodiments, an active material includes one or more high capacity active materials, such as silicon, tin, and germanium. These materials tend to swell during cycling and may loose mechanical and/or electrical connection to the substrate. A flexible intermediate layer may compensate for swelling and provide a robust adhesion interface. Provided also are novel methods of fabricating electrodes containing one or more intermediate layers.
摘要翻译：提供了用于锂离子电池的新型电极。电极包括位于基底和电化学活性材料之间的一个或多个中间层。中间层可以由铬，钛，钽，钨，镍，钼，锂以及其他材料及其组合制成。中间层可以保护基板，有助于在沉积电化学活性材料期间重新分配催化剂，改善活性材料和基板之间的粘附性以及其他目的。在某些实施例中，活性材料包括一种或多种高容量活性材料，例如硅，锡和锗。这些材料在循环过程中倾向于膨胀并且可能失去与基板的机械和/或电连接。柔性中间层可补偿膨胀并提供坚固的粘合界面。还提供了制造含有一个或多个中间层的电极的新方法。

3. 发明申请

WO2011119614A3 INTERCONNECTING ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL NANOSTRUCTURES 审中-公开
标题翻译：互连电化学活性材料纳米结构
公开(公告)号：WO2011119614A3
公开(公告)日：2012-01-19
申请号：PCT/US2011029440
申请日：2011-03-22
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , CUI YI , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E , FASCHING RAINER , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , BERDICHEVSKY EUGENE M
发明人： CUI YI , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E , FASCHING RAINER , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , BERDICHEVSKY EUGENE M
IPC分类号： H01M4/04 , B82B3/00 , C23C14/00 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/386 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/626
摘要： Provided are various examples of lithium electrode subassemblies, lithium ion cells using such subassemblies, and methods of fabricating such subassemblies. Methods generally include receiving nanostructures containing electrochemically active materials and interconnecting at least a portion of these nanostructures. Interconnecting may involve depositing one or more interconnecting materials, such as amorphous silicon and/or metal containing materials. Interconnecting may additionally or alternatively involve treating a layer containing the nanostructures using various techniques, such as compressing the layer, heating the layer, and/or passing an electrical current through the layer. These methods may be used to interconnect nanostructures containing one or more high capacity materials, such as silicon, germanium, and tin, and having various shapes or forms, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and nano-flakes.
摘要翻译：提供了锂电极子组件的各种示例，使用这种组件的锂离子电池以及制造这种组件的方法。方法通常包括接收含有电化学活性材料的纳米结构并互连这些纳米结构的至少一部分。互连可以涉及沉积一种或多种互连材料，例如非晶硅和/或含金属的材料。互连可以另外或可选地涉及使用各种技术处理包含纳米结构的层，例如压缩层，加热层和/或使电流通过层。这些方法可以用于连接含有一种或多种高容量材料（例如硅，锗和锡）的纳米结构，并且具有各种形状或形式，例如纳米线，纳米颗粒和纳米薄片。

4. 发明申请

WO2012054766A3 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES CONTAINING HIGH CAPACITY POROUS ACTIVE MATERIALS CONSTRAINED IN SHELLS 审中-公开
标题翻译：包含高容量多孔活性材料的复合结构
公开(公告)号：WO2012054766A3
公开(公告)日：2012-08-30
申请号：PCT/US2011057158
申请日：2011-10-20
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , FASCHING RAINER J , LIU ZUQIN , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I
发明人： FASCHING RAINER J , LIU ZUQIN , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I
IPC分类号： H01M4/13 , H01M4/139 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/48 , H01M4/58 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/0471 , H01M4/049 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/1393 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/364 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/625 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/52 , H01M2004/021 , H01M2004/027 , H01M2220/30 , Y02E60/122
摘要： Provided are novel electrode material composite structures containing high capacity active materials formed into porous base structures. The structures also include shells that encapsulate these porous base structures. During lithiation of the active material, the shell mechanically constrains the porous base structure. The shell allows lithium ions to pass through but prevents electrolyte solvents from interacting with the encapsulated active material. In certain embodiments, the shell contains carbon, while the porous base structure contains silicon. Although silicon tends to swell during lithiation, the porosity of the base structure and/or void spaces inside the shell helps to accommodate this additional volume within the shell without breaking it or substantially increasing the overall size of the composite structure. This allows integration of the composite structures into various types of battery electrodes and cycling high capacity active materials without damaging the electrodes' internal structures and deteriorating cycling characteristics of batteries.
摘要翻译：提供了包含形成多孔基底结构的高容量活性材料的新型电极材料复合结构。结构还包括封装这些多孔基底结构的壳。在活性物质的锂化期间，壳体机械地约束多孔基底结构。壳体允许锂离子通过，但是防止电解质溶剂与包封的活性材料相互作用。在某些实施方案中，壳包含碳，而多孔基底结构包含硅。虽然硅在锂化期间趋向于膨胀，但是壳体内的基础结构和/或空隙空间的孔隙度有助于在壳体内容纳该附加体积而不破坏壳体或基本上增加复合结构体的整体尺寸。这允许将复合结构集成到各种类型的电池电极中并循环高容量活性材料，而不损害电极的内部结构和劣化电池的循环特性。

5. 发明申请

WO2012047596A3 AUXILIARY ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS CONTAINING HIGH CAPACITY ACTIVE MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于含有高容量活性材料的电化学电池的辅助电极
公开(公告)号：WO2012047596A3
公开(公告)日：2012-07-26
申请号：PCT/US2011053305
申请日：2011-09-26
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I , FASCHING RAINER J , ROBERTS GREGORY ALAN , KOTTENSTETTE RYAN , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E
发明人： STEFAN CONSTANTIN I , FASCHING RAINER J , ROBERTS GREGORY ALAN , KOTTENSTETTE RYAN , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E
IPC分类号： H01M10/05 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/04 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/058
CPC分类号： H01M10/0525 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M10/049 , H01M10/0587
摘要： Provided are novel electrochemical cells that include positive electrodes, negative electrodes containing high capacity active materials such as silicon, and auxiliary electrodes containing lithium. An auxiliary electrode is provided in the cell at least prior to its formation cycling and is used to supply lithium to the negative electrode. The auxiliary electrode may be then removed from the cell prior or after formation. The transfer of lithium to the negative electrode may be performed using a different electrolyte, a higher temperature, and/or a slower rate than during later operational cycling of the cell. After this transfer, the negative electrode may remain pre-lithiated during later cycling at least at a certain predetermined level. This pre-lithiation helps to cycle the cell at more optimal conditions and to some degree maintain this cycling performance over the operating life of the cell. Also provided are methods of fabricating such cells.
摘要翻译：提供了新颖的电化学电池，其包括正电极，含有高容量活性材料如硅的负电极和含锂的辅助电极。至少在其形成循环之前，在电池中提供辅助电极，并且用于向负极供应锂。然后可以在形成之前或之后从辅助电极中除去辅助电极。可以使用与电池的后续操作循环期间不同的电解质，更高的温度和/或更慢的速率来进行锂向负极的转移。在该转移之后，负电极可以在稍后循环期间至少保持预先确定的水平保持预锂化。该预锂化有助于在更优化的条件下循环电池，并在一定程度上保持电池的使用寿命中的循环性能。还提供了制造这种电池的方法。

6. 发明申请

WO2011109477A3 TEMPLATE ELECTRODE STRUCTURES FOR DEPOSITING ACTIVE MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于沉积活性材料的模板电极结构
公开(公告)号：WO2011109477A3
公开(公告)日：2011-12-08
申请号：PCT/US2011026816
申请日：2011-03-02
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , LOVENESS GHYRN E , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , FASCHING RAINER , HAN SONG , LIU ZUQIN
发明人： LOVENESS GHYRN E , DELHAGEN WILLIAM S , FASCHING RAINER , HAN SONG , LIU ZUQIN
IPC分类号： H01M4/58 , H01M4/131 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/48 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/366 , H01M4/0428 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/136 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/587 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/667 , H01M4/75 , H01M10/0525 , Y02E60/122 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： Provided are examples of electrochemically active electrode materials, electrodes using such materials, and methods of manufacturing such electrodes. Electrochemically active electrode materials may include a high surface area template containing a metal silicide and a layer of high capacity active material deposited over the template. The template may serve as a mechanical support for the active material and/or an electrical conductor between the active material and, for example, a substrate. Due to the high surface area of the template, even a thin layer of the active material can provide sufficient active material loading and corresponding battery capacity. As such, a thickness of the layer may be maintained below the fracture threshold of the active material used and preserve its structural integrity during battery cycling.
摘要翻译：提供了电化学活性电极材料的例子，使用这种材料的电极以及制造这种电极的方法。电化学活性电极材料可以包括含有金属硅化物的高表面积模板和沉积在模板上的高容量活性材料层。模板可以用作活性材料和/或活性材料和例如衬底之间的电导体的机械支撑。由于模板的高表面积，即使是薄层的活性材料也可以提供足够的活性材料负载和相应的电池容量。如此，层的厚度可以保持在所使用的活性材料的断裂阈值以下并且在电池循环期间保持其结构完整性。

7. 发明申请

WO2010138619A3 INTERCONNECTED HOLLOW NANOSTRUCTURES CONTAINING HIGH CAPACITY ACTIVE MATERIALS FOR USE IN RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES 审中-公开
标题翻译：包含高容量活性材料的互连中空纳米结构用于可充电电池
公开(公告)号：WO2010138619A3
公开(公告)日：2011-03-31
申请号：PCT/US2010036237
申请日：2010-05-26
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , CUI YI , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E
发明人： CUI YI , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E
IPC分类号： H01M4/13 , B82B3/00 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/70 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/043 , H01M4/0438 , H01M4/0471 , H01M4/049 , H01M4/0492 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/386 , H01M4/387 , H01M10/0525 , H01M2004/021 , H01M2004/022 , H01M2004/027 , Y02E60/122
摘要： Provided are electrode layers for use in rechargeable batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, and related fabrication techniques. These electrode layers have interconnected hollow nanostructures that contain high capacity electrochemically active materials, such as silicon, tin, and germanium. In certain embodiments, a fabrication technique involves forming a nanoscale coating around multiple template structures and at least partially removing and/or shrinking these structures to form hollow cavities. These cavities provide space for the active materials of the nanostructures to swell into during battery cycling. This design helps to reduce the risk of pulverization and to maintain electrical contacts among the nanostructures. It also provides a very high surface area available ionic communication with the electrolyte. The nanostructures have nanoscale shells but may be substantially larger in other dimensions. Nanostructures can be interconnected during forming the nanoscale coating, when the coating formed around two nearby template structures overlap.
摘要翻译：提供了用于可再充电电池的电极层，例如锂离子电池以及相关制造技术。这些电极层具有互连的中空纳米结构，其包含高容量的电化学活性材料，例如硅，锡和锗。在某些实施例中，制造技术包括围绕多个模板结构形成纳米级涂层，并且至少部分地去除和/或收缩这些结构以形成中空腔。这些空穴为纳米结构的活性材料在电池循环过程中提供空间。该设计有助于降低粉碎的风险并保持纳米结构之间的电接触。它还提供了与电解质的非常高的表面积可用的离子连通。纳米结构具有纳米尺寸的壳，但在其它尺寸上可能显着更大。当形成纳米尺度涂层时，当围绕两个附近的模板结构形成的涂层重叠时，纳米结构可以相互连接。

8. 发明申请

WO2011149958A3 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE STRUCTURES FOR BATTERY ELECTRODES 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于电池电极的多电子电化学活性结构
公开(公告)号：WO2011149958A3
公开(公告)日：2012-04-19
申请号：PCT/US2011037767
申请日：2011-05-24
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , LOVENESS GHYRN E , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I , HAN SONG
发明人： LOVENESS GHYRN E , STEFAN CONSTANTIN I , HAN SONG
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , B82B3/00 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/66 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M4/68 , H01M4/0421 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/70
摘要： Provided are novel multidimensional electrode structures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable electrochemical cells. These structures include main support structures and multiple nanowires attached to the support structures and extending into different directions away from these supports. The active material may be deposited as a layer (uniform or non-uniform) surrounding the nanowires and, in certain embodiments, the main supports and even substrate. The active material layer may be sufficiently thin to prevent pulverization of the layer at given operating conditions. Interconnections between the electrode structures and/or substrate may be provided by overlaps formed during deposition of the active layer. Silicide-based nanowires structures may be formed on the main supports in a fluidized bed reactor by suspending the metal-containing main supports in a silicon-containing process gas. A layer of silicon may be then deposited over these silicide nanowires.
摘要翻译：提供了包含用于可再充电电化学电池的高容量活性材料的新颖的多维电极结构。这些结构包括主支撑结构和附接到支撑结构并延伸到远离这些支撑的不同方向的多个纳米线。活性材料可以作为围绕纳米线的层（均匀或不均匀）沉积，并且在某些实施方案中可以沉积在主载体和甚至基底上。活性材料层可以足够薄以防止在给定操作条件下的层的粉碎。可以通过在活性层沉积期间形成的重叠来提供电极结构和/或衬底之间的互连。可以通过将含金属的主载体悬浮在含硅工艺气体中，在流化床反应器中的主要载体上形成基于硅化物的纳米线结构。然后可以在这些硅化物纳米线上沉积一层硅。

9. 发明申请

WO2013006583A2 TEMPLATE ELECTRODE STRUCTURES WITH ENHANCED ADHESION CHARACTERISTICS 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有增强粘附特性的模板电极结构
公开(公告)号：WO2013006583A2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-10
申请号：PCT/US2012045313
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , LOVENESS GHYRN E , HAN SONG , LIU ZUQIN
发明人： LOVENESS GHYRN E , HAN SONG , LIU ZUQIN
CPC分类号： H01M4/13 , H01M4/0492 , H01M4/139 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/624 , H01M4/628 , H01M4/665 , H01M4/70
摘要： Provided herein are novel template electrode materials and structures for lithium ion cells. Related methods are also provided. According to various embodiments, an electrode can include a nanostructured template, an electrochemically active material layer coating the template, and a first intermediate layer between the nanostructured template and the electrochemically active material layer. In one arrangement, the nanostructured template includes silicide nanowires. The electrochemically active material may be any of silicon, tin, germanium, carbon, metal hydrides, silicides, phosphides, and nitrides. The first intermediate layer may facilitate adhesion between the nanostructured template and the electrochemically active material layer, electronic conductivity within the electrode, and/or stress relaxation between the nanostructured template and the electrochemically active material layer.
摘要翻译：本文提供了用于锂离子电池的新型模板电极材料和结构。还提供了相关的方法。根据各种实施例，电极可以包括纳米结构模板，涂覆模板的电化学活性材料层以及纳米结构模板和电化学活性材料层之间的第一中间层。在一种布置中，纳米结构模板包括硅化物纳米线。电化学活性材料可以是硅，锡，锗，碳，金属氢化物，硅化物，磷化物和氮化物中的任何一种。第一中间层可促进纳米结构模板与电化学活性材料层之间的粘附，电极内的电子传导性和/或纳米结构模板与电化学活性材料层之间的应力松弛。

10. 发明申请

WO2012054767A3 BATTERY ELECTRODE STRUCTURES FOR HIGH MASS LOADINGS OF HIGH CAPACITY ACTIVE MATERIALS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于高容量活性材料的高质量负载的电池电极结构
公开(公告)号：WO2012054767A3
公开(公告)日：2012-08-02
申请号：PCT/US2011057159
申请日：2011-10-20
申请人： AMPRIUS INC , LIU ZUQIN , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E
发明人： LIU ZUQIN , HAN SONG , LOVENESS GHYRN E
IPC分类号： H01M4/136 , B82B3/00 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/66 , H01M10/052
CPC分类号： H01M4/134 , H01M4/1395 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/667 , H01M4/80 , H01M10/052
摘要： Provided are battery electrode structures that maintain high mass loadings (i.e., large amounts per unit area) of high capacity active materials in the electrodes without deteriorating their cycling performance. These mass loading levels correspond to capacities per electrode unit area that are suitable for commercial electrodes even though the active materials are kept thin and generally below their fracture limits. A battery electrode structure may include multiple template layers. An initial template layer may include nanostructures attached to a substrate and have a controlled density. This initial layer may be formed using a controlled thickness source material layer provided, for example, on a substantially inert substrate. Additional one or more template layers are then formed over the initial layer resulting in a multilayer template structure with specific characteristics, such as a surface area, thickness, and porosity. The multilayer template structure is then coated with a high capacity active material.
摘要翻译：提供了在电极中保持高质量负载（即，每单位面积的大量）高容量活性材料而不劣化其循环性能的电池电极结构。这些质量负载水平对应于适用于商业电极的每个电极单位面积的容量，即使活性材料保持薄并且通常低于其断裂极限。电池电极结构可以包括多个模板层。初始模板层可以包括连接到基底并具有受控密度的纳米结构。该初始层可以使用例如在基本惰性的基底上提供的受控厚度源材料层形成。然后在初始层上形成另外的一个或多个模板层，得到具有特定特征的多层模板结构，例如表面积，厚度和孔隙率。然后用高容量活性材料涂覆多层模板结构。

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