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1. 发明授权

US08942335B2 Training-based channel estimation for multiple-antennas 有权
标题翻译：基于训练的多天线信道估计
公开(公告)号：US08942335B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-27
申请号：US12777421
申请日：2010-05-11
申请人： Naofal Al-Dhahir , Christine Fragouli , William Turin
发明人： Naofal Al-Dhahir , Christine Fragouli , William Turin
IPC分类号： H04B7/02 , H04L1/02 , H04B7/08 , H04B7/06 , H04L1/06 , H04L25/02 , H04L25/03
CPC分类号： H04B7/0684 , H04B7/0669 , H04B7/0848 , H04B7/0851 , H04B7/0854 , H04B7/0882 , H04L1/0618 , H04L25/0204 , H04L25/03006
摘要： The burden of designing multiple training sequences for systems having multiple transmit antennas, is drastically reduced by employing a single sequence from which the necessary multiple sequences are developed. The single sequence is selected to create sequences that have an impulse-like autocorrelation function and zero cross correlations. A sequence of any desired length Nt can be realized for an arbitrary number of channel taps, L. The created sequences can be restricted to a standard constellation (that is used in transmitting information symbols) so that a common constellation mapper is used for both the information signals and the training sequence. In some applications a training sequence may be selected so that it is encoded with the same encoder that is used for encoding information symbols. Both block and trellis coding is possible in embodiments that employ this approach.
摘要翻译：为具有多个发射天线的系统设计多个训练序列的负担通过采用从其开发必需的多个序列的单个序列而大大降低。选择单个序列以创建具有脉冲状自相关函数和零交叉相关的序列。可以对任意数量的信道抽头L实现任何期望长度Nt的序列。所创建的序列可以被限制为标准星座（用于发送信息符号），使得公共星座映射器被用于信息信号和训练序列。在一些应用中，可以选择训练序列，使得它用与编码信息符号相同的编码器进行编码。在采用这种方法的实施例中，块和网格编码都是可能的。

2. 发明授权

US07903766B2 Iterative decoding 有权
标题翻译：迭代解码
公开(公告)号：US07903766B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-08
申请号：US12637868
申请日：2009-12-15
申请人： William Turin
发明人： William Turin
IPC分类号： H04L27/06
CPC分类号： H04L1/005 , H03M13/3746 , H03M13/3905 , H03M13/3933 , H04L1/0055 , H04L1/006
摘要： This invention provides an iterative process to maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. The iterative process uses an auxiliary function which is defined in terms of a complete data probability distribution. The auxiliary function is derived based on an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. For a special case of trellis coded modulators, the auxiliary function may be iteratively evaluated by a combination of forward-backward and Viterbi algorithms. The iterative process converges monotonically and thus improves the performance of any decoding algorithm. The MAP decoding minimizes a probability of error. A direct approach to achieve this minimization results in complexity which grows exponentially with T, where T is the size of the input. The iterative process avoids this complexity by converging on the MAP solution through repeated maximization of the auxiliary function.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于最大化后验（MAP）解码的迭代过程。迭代过程使用根据完整数据概率分布定义的辅助功能。辅助功能是基于期望最大化（EM）算法导出的。对于网格编码调制器的特殊情况，辅助功能可以通过前向后向和维特比算法的组合进行迭代评估。迭代过程单调收敛，从而提高了任何解码算法的性能。 MAP解码使错误概率最小化。实现这种最小化的直接方法导致复杂度随着T指数增长，其中T是输入的大小。迭代过程通过辅助功能的重复最大化收敛在MAP解决方案上来避免这种复杂性。

3. 发明申请

US20100220803A1 Training-Based Channel Estimation for Multiple-Antennas 有权
标题翻译：基于训练的多天线信道估计
公开(公告)号：US20100220803A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-02
申请号：US12777421
申请日：2010-05-11
申请人： Naofal Al-Dhahir , Christine Fragouli , William Turin
发明人： Naofal Al-Dhahir , Christine Fragouli , William Turin
IPC分类号： H04B7/02
CPC分类号： H04B7/0684 , H04B7/0669 , H04B7/0848 , H04B7/0851 , H04B7/0854 , H04B7/0882 , H04L1/0618 , H04L25/0204 , H04L25/03006
摘要： The burden of designing multiple training sequences for systems having multiple transmit antennas, is drastically reduced by employing a single sequence from which the necessary multiple sequences are developed. The single sequence is selected to create sequences that have an impulse-like autocorrelation function and zero cross correlations. A sequence of any desired length Nt can be realized for an arbitrary number of channel taps, L. The created sequences can be restricted to a standard constellation (that is used in transmitting information symbols) so that a common constellation mapper is used for both the information signals and the training sequence. In some applications a training sequence may be selected so that it is encoded with the same encoder that is used for encoding information symbols. Both block and trellis coding is possible in embodiments that employ this approach.
摘要翻译：为具有多个发射天线的系统设计多个训练序列的负担通过采用从其开发必需的多个序列的单个序列而大大降低。选择单个序列以创建具有脉冲状自相关函数和零交叉相关的序列。可以对任意数量的信道抽头L实现任何期望长度Nt的序列。所创建的序列可以被限制为标准星座（用于发送信息符号），使得公共星座映射器被用于信息信号和训练序列。在一些应用中，可以选择训练序列，使得它用与编码信息符号相同的编码器进行编码。在采用这种方法的实施例中，块和网格编码都是可能的。

4. 发明授权

US07746945B2 Training-based channel estimation for multiple-antennas 有权
标题翻译：基于训练的多天线信道估计
公开(公告)号：US07746945B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-29
申请号：US11190403
申请日：2005-07-27
申请人： Naofal Al-Dhahir , Christine Fragouli , William Turin
发明人： Naofal Al-Dhahir , Christine Fragouli , William Turin
IPC分类号： H04B7/02 , H04L1/02
CPC分类号： H04B7/0684 , H04B7/0669 , H04B7/0848 , H04B7/0851 , H04B7/0854 , H04B7/0882 , H04L1/0618 , H04L25/0204 , H04L25/03006
摘要： The burden of designing multiple training sequences for systems having multiple transmit antennas, is drastically reduced by employing a single sequence from which the necessary multiple sequences are developed. The single sequence is selected to create sequences that have an impulse-like autocorrelation function and zero cross correlations. A sequence of any desired length Nt can be realized for an arbitrary number of channel taps, L. The created sequences can be restricted to a standard constellation (that is used in transmitting information symbols) so that a common constellation mapper is used for both the information signals and the training sequence. In some applications a a training sequence may be selected so that it is encoded with the same encoder that is used for encoding information symbols. Both block and trellis coding is possible in embodiments that employ this approach.
摘要翻译：为具有多个发射天线的系统设计多个训练序列的负担通过采用从其开发必需的多个序列的单个序列而大大降低。选择单个序列以创建具有脉冲状自相关函数和零交叉相关的序列。可以对任意数量的信道抽头L实现任何期望长度Nt的序列。所创建的序列可以被限制为标准星座（用于发送信息符号），使得公共星座映射器被用于信息信号和训练序列。在一些应用中，可以选择训练序列，使得它用与用于对信息符号进行编码的相同编码器进行编码。在采用这种方法的实施例中，块和网格编码都是可能的。

5. 发明申请

US20100091914A1 Iterative Decoding 有权
标题翻译：迭代解码
公开(公告)号：US20100091914A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-15
申请号：US12637868
申请日：2009-12-15
申请人： William Turin
发明人： William Turin
IPC分类号： H04L27/00
CPC分类号： H04L1/005 , H03M13/3746 , H03M13/3905 , H03M13/3933 , H04L1/0055 , H04L1/006
摘要： This invention provides an iterative process to maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. The iterative process uses an auxiliary function which is defined in terms of a complete data probability distribution. The auxiliary function is derived based on an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. For a special case of trellis coded modulators, the auxiliary function may be iteratively evaluated by a combination of forward-backward and Viterbi algorithms. The iterative process converges monotonically and thus improves the performance of any decoding algorithm. The MAP decoding minimizes a probability of error. A direct approach to achieve this minimization results in complexity which grows exponentially with T, where T is the size of the input. The iterative process avoids this complexity by converging on the MAP solution through repeated maximization of the auxiliary function.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于最大化后验（MAP）解码的迭代过程。迭代过程使用根据完整数据概率分布定义的辅助功能。辅助函数是基于期望最大化（EM）算法导出的。对于网格编码调制器的特殊情况，辅助功能可以通过前向后向和维特比算法的组合进行迭代评估。迭代过程单调收敛，从而提高了任何解码算法的性能。 MAP解码使错误概率最小化。实现这种最小化的直接方法导致复杂度随着T成指数增长，其中T是输入的大小。迭代过程通过辅助功能的重复最大化收敛在MAP解决方案上来避免这种复杂性。

6. 发明授权

US07529941B1 System and method of retrieving a watermark within a signal 有权
标题翻译：在信号中检索水印的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07529941B1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-05
申请号：US11531083
申请日：2006-09-12
申请人： James David Johnston , Shyh-Shiaw Kuo , Schuyler Reynier Quackenbush , William Turin
发明人： James David Johnston , Shyh-Shiaw Kuo , Schuyler Reynier Quackenbush , William Turin
IPC分类号： H04L9/00 , G06K9/00 , H04L9/36 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： G10L19/018
摘要： A system and method of retrieving a watermark in a watermarked signal are disclosed. The watermarked signal comprises odd and even overlapped blocks where the watermark is contained in the even blocks. The method comprises, for each k-th even block, subtracting the two adjacent odd numbered blocks from the k-th even block of the watermarked signal to retrieve s*k(n), transforming s*k(n) into the frequency domain to generate Sk(f), calculating a phase of Sk(f) as φ(f) and a phase of Sk(f) as φ(f), calculating the difference Ψ(f) between φ(f) and φ(f), unwrapping Ψ(f) to obtain the phase modulation {tilde over (φ)}k(f), and using a Viterbi search to retrieve the watermark embedded in {tilde over (Φ)}k(f).
摘要翻译：公开了一种在水印信号中检索水印的系统和方法。水印信号包括奇偶重叠块，其中水印包含在偶数块中。该方法包括对于每个第k个偶数块，从水印信号的第k个偶数块中减去两个相邻的奇数块，以获取 s * k（n）输入到频域中以产生 Sk（f），将 Sk（f）的相位计算为 phi（f）和phi（f）之间的差Psi（f）解压缩Psi（f）以获得相位调制{tilde over（phi）} k（f），并且使用维特比搜索来检索嵌入在{波浪号（Phi）} k（f）中的水印。

7. 发明授权

US06243493B1 Method and apparatus for handwriting recognition using invariant features 失效
标题翻译：使用不变特征进行手写识别的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06243493B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US09009050
申请日：1998-01-20
申请人： Michael Kenneth Brown , Jianying Hu , William Turin
发明人： Michael Kenneth Brown , Jianying Hu , William Turin
IPC分类号： G06K918
CPC分类号： G10L15/193 , G06K9/222 , G06K9/52 , G06K9/68 , G06K2209/01 , G10L15/18 , G10L15/1815
摘要： Handwriting recognition which is invariant with respect to translation, rotation and scale is achieved with a new feature signal, ratio of tangents, and a new application of the normalized curvature feature. Use of these features is optimized by augmenting the ratio of tangents with the sign of local curvature and weighing each feature signal with its relative discriminative power.
摘要翻译：使用新的特征信号，切线比和归一化曲率特征的新应用来实现相对于平移，旋转和缩放不变的手写识别。通过增加与局部曲率符号相切的切线比例，并以每个特征信号的相对分辨力来称量这些特征的优化。

8. 发明授权

US5780830A Method and system for decoding distorted image and symbology data 失效
标题翻译：用于解码失真图像和符号系统数据的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5780830A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-14
申请号：US687124
申请日：1996-07-24
申请人： Robert Albert Boie , William Turin
发明人： Robert Albert Boie , William Turin
IPC分类号： G06K7/00 , G06K7/10 , G06K7/14
CPC分类号： G06K7/14
摘要： Disclosed is a system and method for reading and decoding distorted data, e.g., bar code label or other symbology data, by fitting a scanned signal model j(t, .theta.), using a Deterministic Expectation-Maximization (DEM) algorithm, to the measured or detected data signal y(t). The DEM algorithm, which is a novel variation of the conventional Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, enables the system and method according to the invention to determine the values of a plurality of parameters .theta. defining the scanned signal model j(t, .theta.) as it is being fitted to the measured data signal y(t). Based on these values, characteristic information such as data elements or symbols encoded within the image data are generated using conventional signal processing techniques. The use of the DEM algorithm advantageously deblurs the signal by reducing the effects of intersymbol interference. In an alternative embodiment, the DEM algorithm is supplemented by a conventional zero crossings decoding technique. In this manner, the zero crossings technique is used to obtain initial parameter estimates for the DEM algorithm in determining the parameters .theta. of the scanned signal model j(t, .theta.).
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于通过使用确定性期望最大化（DEM）算法将扫描信号模型j（t，θ）拟合到所测量的，用于读取和解码失真数据（例如条形码标签或其他符号系统数据）的系统和方法或检测数据信号y（t）。 DEM算法是常规期望最大化（EM）算法的新颖变型，使得根据本发明的系统和方法可以确定定义扫描信号模型j（t，θ）的多个参数θ的值，因为它被拟合到测量数据信号y（t）。基于这些值，使用传统的信号处理技术生成诸如数据元素或在图像数据内编码的符号之类的特征信息。使用DEM算法有利地通过减少符号间干扰的影响来消除信号。在替代实施例中，DEM算法由传统的过零点解码技术补充。以这种方式，过零点技术用于在确定扫描信号模型j（t，θ）的参数θ时获得DEM算法的初始参数估计。

9. 发明授权

US07802101B2 System and method of retrieving a watermark within a signal 失效
标题翻译：在信号中检索水印的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07802101B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-21
申请号：US12414602
申请日：2009-03-30
申请人： James David Johnston , Shyh-Shiaw Kuo , Schuyler Reynier Quackenbush , William Turin
发明人： James David Johnston , Shyh-Shiaw Kuo , Schuyler Reynier Quackenbush , William Turin
IPC分类号： H04L9/00 , G06K9/00 , H04L9/36 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： G10L19/018
摘要： A system and method of retrieving a watermark in a watermarked signal are disclosed. The watermarked signal comprises odd and even overlapped blocks where the watermark is contained in the even blocks. The method comprises, for each k-th even block, subtracting the two adjacent odd numbered blocks from the k-th even block of the watermarked signal to retrieve s *k(n), transforming s *k(n) into the frequency domain to generate S k(f), calculating a phase of S k(f) as φ (f) and a phase of Sk(f) as φ(f), calculating the difference Ψ (f) between φ (f) and φ(f), unwrapping Ψ (f) to obtain the phase modulation {tilde over (Φ)} k(f), and using a Viterbi search to retrieve the watermark embedded in {tilde over (Φ)} k(f).
摘要翻译：公开了一种在水印信号中检索水印的系统和方法。水印信号包括奇偶重叠块，其中水印包含在偶数块中。该方法包括对于每个第k个偶数块，从水印信号的第k个偶数块中减去两个相邻的奇数块，以检索s * k（n），将s * k（n）变换为频域以产生S k（f），计算S k（f）的相位为＆phgr; （f）和Sk（f）的阶段，（f），计算＆phgr;（f）之间的差Ψ（f）（f）和（f），展开Ψ（f）以获得相位调制（（））（k）（f）的波形，并使用维特比搜索来检索嵌入在{ k（f）。

10. 发明授权

US07451319B1 System and method of watermarking a signal 有权
标题翻译：信号水印的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07451319B1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-11
申请号：US11553133
申请日：2006-10-26
申请人： James David Johnston , Shyh-Shiaw Kuo , Schuyler Reynier Quackenbush , William Turin
发明人： James David Johnston , Shyh-Shiaw Kuo , Schuyler Reynier Quackenbush , William Turin
IPC分类号： H04L9/00 , H04K1/02 , H04N7/167
CPC分类号： G10L19/022 , G10L19/018 , G11B20/00891
摘要： A system and method of generating a watermarked signal are disclosed. The system segments the signal into overlapping blocks using a window function and processes the overlapping blocks according to whether each block is odd- or even-numbered. The system windows the odd-numbered blocks, modulates the phase of each block in the frequency domain, transforms each modulated block in the time domain, windows each block transformed into the time domain and overlap-adds each odd-numbered block with each even-numbered block to generate the watermarked signal.
摘要翻译：公开了一种产生水印信号的系统和方法。该系统使用窗口功能将信号分割成重叠块，并根据每个块是奇数还是偶数编号来处理重叠块。系统对奇数块进行窗口调制，对频域中每个块的相位进行调制，对时域中的每个调制块进行变换，将每个块变换为时域，将每个奇数块与每个偶数块相加，编号块生成水印信号。

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