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1. 发明授权

US4988157A Optical switch using bubbles 失效
标题翻译：光开关采用气泡
公开(公告)号：US4988157A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-29
申请号：US490362
申请日：1990-03-08
申请人： Janet L. Jackel , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Janet L. Jackel , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02B6/35 , G02B26/02 , G02F1/313
CPC分类号： G02B26/004 , G02B6/3538 , G02F1/313 , G02B6/3522 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/358
摘要： An optical switch, particularly useful as a bistable cross-connect matrix. Parallel input waveguides and parallel output waveguides are formed on a substrate at perpendicular angles so as to intersect. A 45.degree. slot is formed across each intersection and is filled with a fluid having a refractive index matching the waveguide material. Electrodes are positioned adjacent the slots and are selectively activated to electrolytically convert the fluid to gaseous bubbles, thereby destroying the index matching across the slot and causing light to be reflected by the slot rather than propagating across the slot. In the presence of a catalyst, a pulse of opposite polarity or of sufficient size and of the same polarity will destroy the bubble.
摘要翻译：光开关，特别适用于双稳态交叉连接矩阵。平行输入波导和平行输出波导以垂直的角度形成在基板上以便相交。在每个交叉点上形成45°的槽，并且填充有与波导材料相匹配的折射率的流体。电极定位在狭缝附近，并且被选择性地激活以将流体电解转化为气泡，从而破坏跨越狭缝的折射率匹配并且导致光被狭缝反射而不是穿过狭槽传播。在存在催化剂的情况下，具有相反极性或足够大小并具有相同极性的脉冲会破坏气泡。

2. 发明授权

US4410239A Nonlinear optical device using self-trapping of light 失效
标题翻译：非线性光学器件采用自我陷阱光
公开(公告)号：US4410239A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-18
申请号：US255291
申请日：1981-04-17
申请人： Alexander E. Kaplan , John E. Bjorkholm , Peter W. Smith , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Alexander E. Kaplan , John E. Bjorkholm , Peter W. Smith , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , G02F3/02
CPC分类号： G02F1/3511 , G02F3/02
摘要： Many prior art bistable optical devices require resonant optical cavities and are therefore limited in their operation due to the long lifetimes associated with their high-finesse cavities. A bistable optical device that does not use a resonant cavity is disclosed wherein a nonlinear medium whose index of refraction increases with increased light intensity is arranged to have input and output faces into which and out of which a laser beam having a nonuniform spatial profile can be propagated. A mirror having a predetermined area of reflectivity is positioned with respect to the output face of a nonlinear medium so as to reflect only the light energy that propagates in an area at the output face that is approximately equal to the area which the beam presents at this face when the beam is propagating at a critical power level, that is, when the beam is self-trapped.
摘要翻译：许多现有技术的双稳态光学器件需要谐振光学腔，并因此由于与它们的高精细腔相关联的长寿命而在其操作中受到限制。公开了一种不使用谐振腔的双稳态光学器件，其中折射率随着光强增加而增加的非线性介质被布置成具有输入和输出面，其中具有不均匀空间分布的激光束可以传播。具有预定反射率区域的反射镜相对于非线性介质的输出面定位，以便仅反射在输出面处的区域中传播的光能，该区域大致等于在该区域处出现的区域当光束以临界功率电平传播时，即当光束被自身捕获时，就面对。

3. 发明授权

US4299488A Time-division multiplexed spectrometer 失效
标题翻译：时分复用光谱仪
公开(公告)号：US4299488A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-10
申请号：US096686
申请日：1979-11-23
申请人： Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G01J3/28 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/34 , G01J3/12 , G01J3/18 , H04B9/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/2861 , G01J3/2889 , G02B6/2931
摘要： A time-division multiplexed spectrometer (TMS) which can convert the output from a pulsed continuum radiation source into a time- and wavelength-division multiplexed pulse train is provided, by a single spectrometer (1, 2) when: (a) an input source (100) is terminated at the image plane of the spectrometer at a first position which is displaced from the symmetry plane, (b) the first end of a set of optical fibers (100-110), each having a different length, are determined at the image plane at positions which are displaced in the opposite direction from the symmetry plane as is the first position, whereby narrowband portions of the output spectrum are picked up and delayed by different amounts, (c) the second end of the set are terminated at the image plane at positions which are reflections of the terminations of the first end about the symmetry plane, whereby the signals are reinjected into the instrument and refocused onto a second position at the image plane corresponding to the reflection of the first position about the symmetry plane, and (d) an optical receptor is terminated at the second position.
摘要翻译：通过单个光谱仪（1,2）在下列情况下提供可将脉冲连续辐射源的输出转换为时间和波分复用脉冲序列的时分多路复用谱仪（TMS）：（a）输入源极（100）在从对称平面偏移的第一位置处终止在光谱仪的像面处，（b）一组光纤（100-110）的第一端（每个具有不同长度）是在像平面处在与第一位置相对的方向上从对称平面位移的位置处确定，由此输出频谱的窄带部分被拾取并延迟不同的量，（c）组的第二端在作为第一端的终端围绕对称平面的反射的位置处的位置处终止于图像平面，由此将信号重新注入到仪器中并重新聚焦到与反射镜相对应的图像平面处的第二位置关于对称平面的第一位置的反射，和（d）光学受体在第二位置终止。

4. 发明授权

US4938841A Two-level lithographic mask for producing tapered depth 失效
标题翻译：用于生产锥形深度的两层平版印刷掩模
公开(公告)号：US4938841A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-03
申请号：US429560
申请日：1989-10-31
申请人： Arie Shahar , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Arie Shahar , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02B6/122 , H01L21/308
CPC分类号： G02B6/1228 , H01L21/3081 , H01L21/3085 , Y10S438/978
摘要： A method of producing a sloped surface in a semiconductor material. In the area where the slope is desired a dynamic mask is applied to the surface of the semiconductor. A standard mask is applied over the dynamic mask and patterned so that its edge laterally defines the bottom of the desired slope. The sample is then immersed in an etchant that etches the dynamic mask faster than the semiconductor material. The standard mask is not appreciably etched. The dynamic mask is progressively etched laterally, thereby dynamically exposing more of the semiconductor material to etchant and producing a sloped surface therein.
摘要翻译：一种在半导体材料中制造倾斜表面的方法。在需要斜率的区域中，将动态掩模施加到半导体的表面。将标准掩模施加在动态掩模上并图案化，使得其边缘横向限定所需斜率的底部。然后将样品浸入比半导体材料更快蚀刻动态掩模的蚀刻剂。标准面罩没有明显蚀刻。动态掩模被横向逐渐蚀刻，从而将更多的半导体材料动态地暴露于蚀刻剂并在其中产生倾斜的表面。

5. 发明授权

US4515429A Nonlinear and bistable optical waveguide devices 失效
标题翻译：非线性和双稳态光波导器件
公开(公告)号：US4515429A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US153255
申请日：1980-05-27
申请人： Peter W. Smith , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Peter W. Smith , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , G02F3/02 , G02B5/174
CPC分类号： G02F1/3511 , G02F1/3515 , G02F3/024
摘要： Several types of nonlinear characteristics are provided in an optical device wherein at least two optical materials are constructed to provide a waveguide structure. At least one of the materials has a dominant nonlinear characteristic over the length of the waveguide that is commonly referred to as the Kerr effect. The index of refraction in this material is a function of the light intensity in the waveguide. By selecting materials that provide either positive or negative Kerr coefficients, and by constructing the device with the nonlinear material either as the core or as the cladding layer, power output versus input characteristics that exhibit both limiting and amplification can be provided. A bistable characteristic is provided in one of the embodiments by terminating the waveguide structure with a mirror. Specific embodiments using carbon disulfide and polydiacetylene as the nonlinear materials are disclosed.
摘要翻译：在光学装置中提供了几种类型的非线性特性，其中构造至少两个光学材料以提供波导结构。至少一种材料在波导的长度上具有通常称为克尔效应的显性非线性特性。该材料中的折射率是波导中的光强度的函数。通过选择提供正或负克尔系数的材料，并且通过以非线性材料构成作为芯或作为包覆层的器件，可以提供功率输出与表现出限制和放大的输入特性。通过用反射镜端接波导结构，在实施例之一中提供双稳态特性。公开了使用二硫化碳和聚二乙炔作为非线性材料的具体实施方案。

6. 发明授权

US4239330A Multiple optical switch 失效
标题翻译：多光开关
公开(公告)号：US4239330A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-16
申请号：US952282
申请日：1978-10-18
申请人： Arthur Ashkin , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Arthur Ashkin , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02B6/35 , G02B5/14
CPC分类号： G02B6/3504 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/3558 , G02B6/358
摘要： A multiposition optical switch is disclosed in which two quarter-period graded refractive index (GRIN) lenses (1 and 2) having first (1.2 and 2.1) and second (1.1 and 2.2) end surfaces are supported in a structure (33 and 34) in an axially aligned fashion with their first surfaces abutting in a substantially parallel relation which permits rotating at least one lens about the common lens axis (3 and 3.1). An input fiber (10) is affixed to the second surface (1.1) of one GRIN lens at a predetermined radial offset to the common lens axis; and a multiplicity of output fibers (11-16) are affixed to the second surface (2.2) of the other lens at the same predetermined radial offset, but at a plurality of angular displacements about the common lens axis. By rotating one lens relative to the other, light from the input fiber is selectively coupled to the output fibers.
摘要翻译：公开了一种多位光学开关，其中在结构（33和34）中支撑具有第一（1.2和2.1）和第二（1.1和2.2）端面的两个四分之一阶梯度折射率（GRIN）透镜（1和2）以轴向对准的方式，其第一表面以基本上平行的关系邻接，这允许围绕公共透镜轴线（3和3.1）旋转至少一个透镜。输入光纤（10）以一个GRIN透镜的第二表面（1.1）固定到公共透镜轴线的预定径向偏移处; 并且多个输出光纤（11-16）以相同的预定的径向偏移量固定到另一个透镜的第二表面（2.2）上，但以围绕公共透镜轴线的多个角位移固定。通过相对于另一个旋转一个透镜，来自输入光纤的光选择性地耦合到输出光纤。

7. 发明授权

US4173475A Latent image thick refractive index recordings 失效
$Latent image thick refractive index recordings$
标题翻译：潜影图像厚折射率记录
公开(公告)号：US4173475A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-06
申请号：US801783
申请日：1977-05-31
申请人： Edwin A. Chandross , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Edwin A. Chandross , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G03F7/00 , G03C5/04 , G03C1/72
CPC分类号： G03F7/001
摘要： A latent-imaging photopolymer system for recording thick refractive index patterns is disclosed. The system utilizes a porous matrix which has been sensitized by chemisorption of a photosensitive polymerization initiator. The sensitized matrix is exposed to light in the desired pattern. This light destroys initiator to impress the pattern. Then the pores are filled with a monomer composition. Finally the entire filled matrix is irradiated to induce polymerization initiation by the sensitizer remaining after the initial exposure. Polymerization produces locally induced refractive index gradients corresponding to the pattern of the light in the initial exposure step.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于记录厚折射率图案的潜像成像光聚合物系统。该系统利用已经通过光敏聚合引发剂的化学吸附而致敏的多孔基质。致敏基质以所需的图案曝光。这种光摧毁了发起者的印象。然后用单体组合物填充孔。最后，照射完全填充的基质，以在初次暴露后残留的敏化剂引发聚合引发。在初始曝光步骤中聚合产生对应于光图案的局部诱导折射率梯度。

8. 发明授权

US4153330A Single-mode wavelength division optical multiplexer 失效
标题翻译：单模波分复用器
公开(公告)号：US4153330A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-08
申请号：US856280
申请日：1977-12-01
申请人： Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02B6/34 , G02B5/14
CPC分类号： G02B6/29328 , G02B6/2938
摘要： A wavelength division optical multiplexer for combining single mode beams involves a lens formed in a thin-film waveguide and a reflection diffraction grating outside the waveguide.
摘要翻译：用于组合单模光束的波分复用器涉及形成在薄膜波导中的透镜和波导外的反射衍射光栅。

9. 发明授权

US4455643A High speed optical switch and time division optical demultiplexer using a control beam at a linear/nonlinear interface 失效
标题翻译：在线性/非线性界面下使用控制光束的高速光开关和时分光解复用器
公开(公告)号：US4455643A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-19
申请号：US364996
申请日：1982-04-02
申请人： Peter W. Smith , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
发明人： Peter W. Smith , Walter J. Tomlinson, III
IPC分类号： G02F1/19 , G02B6/35 , G02F1/35 , H04B10/00 , H04J14/08 , H04Q3/52 , G02B27/10 , H04B9/00
CPC分类号： H04J14/08 , G02F1/3515
摘要： The present invention relates to a high speed optical switch and the use of such switches to form a time division demultiplexer. The optical switch comprises a length of linear material (12) including an outer surface on a portion of which is formed a layer of nonlinear material (11) to form a nonlinear interface (10) at the boundary of the two materials. An input data light beam (14) is propagated in the linear material with a predetermined intensity and angle of incidence on the nonlinear interface to, by itself, cause total reflection of the input beam. A control light beam (11) is also selectively energized and directed at the nonlinear interface with an intensity and angle of incidence to cause a portion of the input data beam to be formed into a self-focused channel or beam propagating in the nonlinear material. The self-focused beam can then be detected at an edge of the nonlinear material.
摘要翻译：高速光开关技术领域本发明涉及高速光开关以及这种开关的使用以形成时分解复用器。光学开关包括一定长度的线状材料（12），其包括一部分外表面，该外表面形成一层非线性材料（11），以在两种材料的边界处形成非线性界面（10）。输入数据光束（14）在线性材料中以非线性界面上的预定强度和入射角传播，以自身导致输入光束的全反射。控制光束（11）也被选择性地激励并以具有入射角和入射角的非线性界面引导，以使输入数据光束的一部分形成为在非线性材料中传播的自聚焦通道或光束。然后可以在非线性材料的边缘处检测自聚焦光束。

10. 发明授权

US4208094A Optical switch 失效
标题翻译：光开关
公开(公告)号：US4208094A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-17
申请号：US947651
申请日：1978-10-02
申请人： Walter J. Tomlinson, III , Richard E. Wagner
发明人： Walter J. Tomlinson, III , Richard E. Wagner
IPC分类号： G02B6/35 , G02B6/44 , G02B5/14
CPC分类号： G02B6/3512 , G02B6/4407 , G02B6/4411 , G02B6/3558
摘要： A rugged, compact optical switch is disclosed which comprises a quarter-period graded refractive index (GRIN) lens (1); a rotatable reflecting surface (2.1) disposed at a first surface (1.3) of the GRIN lens at an angle to the first surface; an optical source (8) mounted at the second surface (1.2) of the GRIN lens on the lens axis; and a plurality of optical receptors 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12 mounted at the same second surface of the lens, all at the same distance from the lens axis but displaced at a plurality of angular positions about the lens axis. Rotation of the reflecting surface about the lens axis couples light between the optical source selectively to optical receptors at the appropriate angular orientation. The switch is reciprocal in that the common optical source may be an optical receptor and the various optical receptors, optical sources. Typically, the optical sources and receptors are optical fibers.
摘要翻译：公开了一种坚固，紧凑的光开关，其包括四分之一阶梯度折射率（GRIN）透镜（1）; 设置在所述GRIN透镜的与所述第一表面成一定角度的第一表面（1.3）处的可旋转反射表面（2.1）安装在所述透镜轴上的所述GRIN透镜的第二表面（1.2）处的光源（8）; 以及安装在透镜的相同第二表面处的多个光学接收器6,7,9,10,11和12，其全部距离透镜轴线相同，但在围绕透镜轴线的多个角度位置处移位。反射表面围绕透镜轴的旋转将光源在光源之间以适当的角度方向选择性地耦合到光学接收器。开关是互逆的，因为公共光源可以是光学接收器和各种光学接收器，光源。通常，光源和受光器是光纤。

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